A CENTRAL ROLE FOR CENTRAL TOLERANCE

Exosomes: composition, biogenesis and function

2002 • 4,840 citations

Tolerance, Danger, and the Extended Family

1994 • 4,654 citations

Conversion of Peripheral CD4+CD25− Naive T Cells to CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells by TGF-β Induction of Transcription Factor Foxp3

2003 • 4,529 citations

The Danger Model: A Renewed Sense of Self

2002 • 4,107 citations

N<scp>aturally</scp>A<scp>rising</scp>CD4⁺R<scp>egulatory</scp>T C<scp>ells for</scp>I<scp>mmunologic</scp>S<scp>elf</scp>-T<scp>olerance and</scp>N<scp>egative</scp>C<scp>ontrol of</scp>I<scp>mmune</scp>R<scp>esponses</scp>

2003 • 3,323 citations

Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

2003 • 3,131 citations

Cancer immunotherapy: moving beyond current vaccines

2004 • 2,932 citations

Cancer Regression and Autoimmunity in Patients After Clonal Repopulation with Antitumor Lymphocytes

2002 • 2,781 citations

Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs

1998 • 2,378 citations

Projection of an Immunological Self Shadow Within the Thymus by the Aire Protein

2002 • 2,371 citations

Regulatory T Cell Lineage Specification by the Forkhead Transcription Factor Foxp3

2005 • 2,256 citations

Genomic imprinting: parental influence on the genome

2001 • 2,253 citations

CD4+CD25+ suppressor T cells: more questions than answers

2002 • 2,202 citations

IMMUNOLOGY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

2005 • 2,099 citations

Thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide

2001 • 1,659 citations

The cornified envelope: a model of cell death in the skin

2005 • 1,639 citations

Positive and Negative Selection of T Cells

2003 • 1,547 citations

Autoimmune disease as a consequence of developmental abnormality of a T cell subpopulation.

1996 • 1,335 citations

Cd8+ but Not Cd8− Dendritic Cells Cross-Prime Cytotoxic T Cells in Vivo

2000 • 1,286 citations

Inducing and expanding regulatory T cell populations by foreign antigen

2005 • 1,245 citations

Immature Dendritic Cells Phagocytose Apoptotic Cells via αvβ5 and CD36, and Cross-present Antigens to Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

1998 • 1,226 citations

Thymus and Autoimmunity: Production of CD25+CD4+ Naturally Anergic and Suppressive T Cells as a Key Function of the Thymus in Maintaining Immunologic Self-Tolerance

1999 • 1,223 citations

THE NOD MOUSE: A Model of Immune Dysregulation

2004 • 1,080 citations

T-cell apoptosis detected in situ during positive and negative selection in the thymus

1994 • 1,071 citations

Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self

2001 • 1,043 citations

Synergism of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–Associated Antigen 4 Blockade and Depletion of Cd25+ Regulatory T Cells in Antitumor Therapy Reveals Alternative Pathways for Suppression of Autoreactive Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses

2001 • 1,033 citations

The somatic generation of immune recognition

1971 • 974 citations

The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlate with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes

1997 • 931 citations

Tumor Regression and Autoimmunity after Reversal of a Functionally Tolerant State of Self-reactive CD8+ T Cells

2003 • 919 citations

Cross-Presentation, Dendritic Cells, Tolerance and Immunity

2001 • 894 citations

Origin of regulatory T cells with known specificity for antigen

2002 • 854 citations

Multiorgan inflammation and hematopoietic abnormalities in mice with a targeted disruption of RelB, a member of the NF-κB/Rel family

1995 • 810 citations

Insulin expression in human thymus is modulated by INS VNTR alleles at the IDDM2 locus

1997 • 806 citations

Expression of relB is required for the development of thymic medulla and dendritic cells

1995 • 794 citations

Aire regulates negative selection of organ-specific T cells

2003 • 789 citations

Does the Immune System See Tumors as Foreign or Self?

2003 • 746 citations

Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice

2005 • 744 citations

Hassall's corpuscles instruct dendritic cells to induce CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in human thymus

2005 • 743 citations

CD8+ T Cell Immunity Against a Tumor/Self-Antigen Is Augmented by CD4+ T Helper Cells and Hindered by Naturally Occurring T Regulatory Cells

2005 • 741 citations

The evolutionary dynamics of eukaryotic gene order

2004 • 729 citations

In Vivo Instruction of Suppressor Commitment in Naive T Cells

2004 • 726 citations

A listing of human tumor antigens recognized by T cells

2001 • 708 citations

Loss of genomic methylation causes p53-dependent apoptosis and epigenetic deregulation

2001 • 687 citations

Central tolerance: learning self-control in the thymus

2005 • 641 citations

HUMAN T CELL RESPONSES AGAINST MELANOMA

2005 • 638 citations

The Cellular Mechanism of Aire Control of T Cell Tolerance

2005 • 622 citations

Antigen-dependent Proliferation of CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells In Vivo

2003 • 600 citations

The enemy within: keeping self-reactive T cells at bay in the periphery

2002 • 586 citations

The Use of Zebrafish to Understand Immunity

2004 • 582 citations

Promiscuous gene expression in thymic epithelial cells is regulated at multiple levels

2005 • 540 citations

Interaction between differentially methylated regions partitions the imprinted genes Igf2 and H19 into parent-specific chromatin loops

2004 • 537 citations

Abnormal T-Cell Reactivity against Paternal Antigens in Spontaneous Abortion

2005 • 533 citations

Negative selection — clearing out the bad apples from the T-cell repertoire

2003 • 494 citations

Central Tolerance to Tissue-specific Antigens Mediated by Direct and Indirect Antigen Presentation

2004 • 474 citations

The CD8α+ Dendritic Cell Is Responsible for Inducing Peripheral Self-Tolerance to Tissue-associated Antigens

2002 • 468 citations

Cross-presentation by intercellular peptide transfer through gap junctions

2005 • 430 citations

Generation of Anergic and Potentially Immunoregulatory CD25+CD4 T Cells In Vivo After Induction of Peripheral Tolerance with Intravenous or Oral Antigen

2001 • 429 citations

Myeloid or Lymphoid Promiscuity as a Critical Step in Hematopoietic Lineage Commitment

2002 • 428 citations

T cell repertoire scanning is promoted by dynamic dendritic cell behavior and random T cell motility in the lymph node

2004 • 427 citations

Developmental regulation of Foxp3 expression during ontogeny

2005 • 418 citations

The Repertoire of T Cells Shaped by a Single MHC/Peptide Ligand

1996 • 417 citations

Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize an insulin epitope

2005 • 417 citations

Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II–Positive Cortical Epithelium Mediates the Selection of Cd4+25+ Immunoregulatory T Cells

2001 • 406 citations

Shaping of the autoreactive T-cell repertoire by a splice variant of self protein expressed in thymic epithelial cells

2000 • 399 citations

In vivodynamics of antigen-specific regulatory T cells not predicted from behaviorin vitro

2003 • 384 citations

Unopposed positive selection and autoreactivity in mice expressing class II MHC only on thymic cortex

1996 • 378 citations

Transcriptional accessibility for genes of multiple tissues and hematopoietic lineages is hierarchically controlled during early hematopoiesis

2002 • 375 citations

T Cell Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE): Role of Self and Cross-Reactive Antigens in Shaping, Tuning, and Regulating the Autopathogenic T Cell Repertoire

2002 • 371 citations

Kinetics and efficacy of positive selection in the thymus of normal and T cell receptor transgenic mice

1991 • 368 citations

Thymic Medullary Epithelial Cell Differentiation, Thymocyte Emigration, and the Control of Autoimmunity Require Lympho–Epithelial Cross Talk via LTβR

2003 • 361 citations

Medullary Epithelial Cells of the Human Thymus Express a Highly Diverse Selection of Tissue-specific Genes Colocalized in Chromosomal Clusters

2004 • 352 citations

Self-representation in the thymus: an extended view

2004 • 339 citations

A Nondeletional Mechanism of Thymic Self Tolerance

1989 • 322 citations

The MHC Reactivity of the T Cell Repertoire Prior to Positive and Negative Selection

1997 • 322 citations

Dendritic Cells Acquire Antigens from Live Cells for Cross-Presentation to CTL

2001 • 318 citations

How the T Cell Repertoire Becomes Peptide and MHC Specific

2005 • 310 citations

How virus induces a rapid or slow onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a transgenic model

1994 • 309 citations

The generation and fate of thymocytes.

1990 • 309 citations

Human tumor antigens for cancer vaccine development

1999 • 298 citations

Autoimmune Regulator Is Expressed in the Cells Regulating Immune Tolerance in Thymus Medulla

1999 • 293 citations

Gene Dosage–limiting Role ofAirein Thymic Expression, Clonal Deletion, and Organ-specific Autoimmunity

2004 • 291 citations

Generation of a complete thymic microenvironment by MTS24+ thymic epithelial cells

2002 • 290 citations

Cancer Tumor antigens

1997 • 289 citations

High Frequency of Autoreactive Myelin Proteolipid Protein–Specific T Cells in the Periphery of Naive Mice

2000 • 275 citations

Dependence of Self-Tolerance on TRAF6-Directed Development of Thymic Stroma

2005 • 272 citations

Glycosylation of type?II collagen is of major importance for T cell tolerance and pathology in collagen-induced arthritis

2002 • 270 citations

Identification and Characterization of Thymic Epithelial Progenitor Cells

2002 • 269 citations

Processing of engulfed apoptotic bodies yields T cell epitopes.

1997 • 267 citations

Normal Thymic Architecture and Negative Selection Are Associated with Aire Expression, the Gene Defective in the Autoimmune-Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED)

2000 • 261 citations

Insulin Expression Levels in the Thymus Modulate Insulin-Specific Autoreactive T-Cell Tolerance

2002 • 260 citations

Generation of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells from Autoreactive T Cells Simultaneously with Their Negative Selection in the Thymus and from Nonautoreactive T Cells by Endogenous TCR Expression

2002 • 253 citations

Multiple rearrangements in T cell receptor alpha chain genes maximize the production of useful thymocytes.

1993 • 247 citations

Paths to understanding the genetic basis of autoimmune disease

2005 • 243 citations

Autoimmune diabetes as a consequence of locally produced interleukin-2

1992 • 242 citations

Developing a new paradigm for thymus organogenesis

2004 • 242 citations

Prevalence and Clinical Associations of 10 Defined Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type I

2004 • 234 citations

Genes Coding for Tumor Antigens Recognized by Cytolytic T Lymphocytes

1995 • 233 citations

Modifier loci condition autoimmunity provoked by Aire deficiency

2005 • 233 citations

T-cell tolerance toward a transgenic beta-cell antigen and transcription of endogenous pancreatic genes in thymus.

1994 • 223 citations

How Many Thymocytes Audition for Selection?

1997 • 222 citations

Acceleration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in proinsulin 2–deficient NOD mice

2003 • 221 citations

The Importation of Hematogenous Precursors by the Thymus Is a Gated Phenomenon in Normal Adult Mice

2001 • 213 citations

Thymus medulla consisting of epithelial islets each derived from a single progenitor

2001 • 211 citations

Functional evidence for a single endodermal origin for the thymic epithelium

2004 • 209 citations

Preselection Thymocytes Are More Sensitive to T Cell Receptor Stimulation Than Mature T Cells

1998 • 208 citations

NF-κB-Inducing Kinase Establishes Self-Tolerance in a Thymic Stroma-Dependent Manner

2004 • 207 citations

Back to Central Tolerance

2004 • 202 citations

Promiscuous gene expression and central T-cell tolerance: more than meets the eye

2002 • 198 citations

Quantitative Impact of Thymic Clonal Deletion on the T Cell Repertoire

1997 • 198 citations

Thymic expression of autoantigens correlates with resistance to autoimmune disease.

1997 • 193 citations

Lymphotoxin pathway directs thymic Aire expression

2003 • 193 citations

The kinetics of T cell antigen receptor expression by subgroups of CD4+8+ thymocytes: delineation of CD4+8+3(2+) thymocytes as post-selection intermediates leading to mature T cells.

1991 • 190 citations

Peripheral-antigen-expressing cells in thymic medulla: factors in self-tolerance and autoimmunity

1998 • 188 citations

Thymic emigration: conveyor belts or lucky dips?

1995 • 186 citations

Thymic selection revisited: how essential is it?

2003 • 186 citations

Cell migration and the control of post-natal T-cell lymphopoiesis in the thymus

2003 • 186 citations

RNA and protein expression of the murine autoimmune regulator gene (Aire) in normal, RelB-deficient and in NOD mouse

2000 • 185 citations

Pancreatic gene expression in rare cells of thymic medulla: evidence for functional contribution to T cell tolerance

1997 • 183 citations

The Neuroendocrine Thymus: Coexistence of Oxytocin and Neurophysin in the Human Thymus

1986 • 183 citations

Thymic Epithelium Tolerizes for Histocompatibility Antigens

1990 • 179 citations

Transcription of a Broad Range of Self-Antigens in Human Thymus Suggests a Role for Central Mechanisms in Tolerance Toward Peripheral Antigens

1998 • 173 citations

The Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Is a DNA-binding Protein

2001 • 172 citations

Self-antigen–presenting cells expressing diabetes-associated autoantigens exist in both thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs

2001 • 171 citations

Thymomas alter the T-cell subset composition in the blood: a potential mechanism for thymoma-associated autoimmune disease

2000 • 169 citations

Directed Migration of Positively Selected Thymocytes Visualized in Real Time

2005 • 169 citations

Tolerance Induced by Thymic Epithelial Grafts in Birds

1987 • 167 citations

CD4 T Cell Tolerance to Human C-reactive Protein, an Inducible Serum Protein, Is Mediated by Medullary Thymic Epithelium

1998 • 162 citations

Kinetics of Steady-state Differentiation and Mapping of Intrathymic-signaling Environments by Stem Cell Transplantation in Nonirradiated Mice

2003 • 160 citations

Intrathymic Expression of Genes Involved in Organ Specific Autoimmune Disease

1998 • 155 citations

Localization of the APECED protein in distinct nuclear structures

1999 • 154 citations

AIRE Functions As an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase

2004 • 145 citations

APECED mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene

2001 • 140 citations

Autoimmune regulator: from loss of function to autoimmunity

2003 • 137 citations

Self-antigen presentation by thymic stromal cells: a subtle division of labor

2000 • 135 citations

Recessive tolerance to preproinsulin 2 reduces but does not abolish type 1 diabetes

2004 • 133 citations

Expression of AIRE gene in peripheral monocyte/dendritic cell lineage

2002 • 130 citations

STUDIES OF THE ROLE OF THE THYMIC ENVIRONMENT IN THE INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE TO MHC ANTIGENS

1985 • 127 citations

Chromosomal clustering of genes controlled by the aire transcription factor

2005 • 126 citations

A unification of mosaic structures in the human genome

2003 • 125 citations

AIRE and APECED: molecular insights into an autoimmune disease

2005 • 124 citations

Selection of a Broad Repertoire of CD4+ T Cells in H-2Ma0/0 Mice

1997 • 122 citations

Tolerance induction by thymic medullary epithelium.

1992 • 121 citations

The T cell repertoire may be biased in favor of MHC recognition

1986 • 121 citations

How defects in central tolerance impinge on a deficiency in regulatory T cells

2005 • 117 citations

Two subsets of epithelial cells in the thymic medulla.

1992 • 116 citations

The genetic background of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy and its autoimmune disease components

2002 • 114 citations

Strong T cell tolerance in parent----F1 bone marrow chimeras prepared with supralethal irradiation. Evidence for clonal deletion and anergy.

1990 • 112 citations

Positive and Negative CD4+ Thymocyte Selection by a Single MHC Class II/Peptide Ligand Affected by Its Expression Level in the Thymus

1997 • 112 citations

Organization of thymic medullary epithelial heterogeneity: implications for mechanisms of epithelial differentiation

2002 • 111 citations

Thymus epithelium induces tissue-specific tolerance.

1993 • 111 citations

Evidence for a Thymus‐Dependent Form of Tolerance that is Not Based on Elimination or Anergy of Reactive T cells

1996 • 111 citations

Antigen presenting cells in the thymus that can negatively select MHC class II-restricted T cells recognizing a circulating self antigen

1997 • 109 citations

Age-Dependent T Cell Tolerance and Autoimmunity to Myelin Basic Protein

2001 • 109 citations

Minor but not major histocompatibility antigens of thymus epithelium tolerize precursors of cytolytic T cells

1986 • 109 citations

Tight junction-related structures in the absence of a lumen: Occludin, claudins and tight junction plaque proteins in densely packed cell formations of stratified epithelia and squamous cell carcinomas

2003 • 109 citations

Thymoma

2000 • 108 citations

Genetic disorders in premature ovarian failure

2002 • 106 citations

Differential Splicing of the IA-2 mRNA in Pancreas and Lymphoid Organs as a Permissive Genetic Mechanism for Autoimmunity Against the IA-2 Type 1 Diabetes Autoantigen

2001 • 102 citations

Aire: an update

2004 • 102 citations

Anergy induced by thymic medullary epithelium

1992 • 101 citations

Multiple sclerosis candidate autoantigens except myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein are transcribed in human thymus

2002 • 98 citations

Sampling of complementing self-antigen pools by thymic stromal cells maximizes the scope of central T cell tolerance

2001 • 98 citations

Tolerance induction by clonal deletion of CD4⁺8⁺ thymocytes in vitro does not require dedicated antigen‐presenting cells

1993 • 97 citations

Antigen-presenting cells in the thymus that can negatively select MHC class II-restricted T cells recognizing a circulating self antigen.

1997 • 93 citations

NMR Structure of the First PHD Finger of Autoimmune Regulator Protein (AIRE1)

2005 • 89 citations

A central role for peripheral dendritic cells in the induction of acquired thymic tolerance

2003 • 85 citations

An Immunologically Privileged Retinal Antigen Elicits Tolerance

2003 • 79 citations

Mechanisms of immune tolerance induction through the thymic expression of a peripheral tissue-specific protein

1995 • 74 citations

Negative Selection of T Cells Occurs Throughout Thymic Development

1999 • 70 citations

Anti‐Sperm Antibodies from Infertile Patients and their Cognate Sperm Antigens: A Review. Identity Between SAGA‐1, the H6‐3C4 Antigen, and CD52

2000 • 67 citations

Contrasting models of promiscuous gene expression by thymic epithelium

2005 • 67 citations

The Shaping of the Brain–Specific T Lymphocyte Repertoire in the Thymus

1996 • 66 citations

Cooperative activation of transcription by autoimmune regulator AIRE and CBP

2005 • 66 citations

Differential Effects of Peptide Diversity and Stromal Cell Type in Positive and Negative Selection in the Thymus

1998 • 64 citations

Thymic epithelium and the induction of transplantation tolerance in nude mice

1985 • 64 citations

Medullary thymic epithelium expresses a ligand for CTLA4 in situ and in vitro.

1993 • 64 citations

Myelin protein expression in lymphoid tissues: implications for peripheral tolerance

1998 • 64 citations

Linking signalling pathways, thymic stroma integrity and autoimmunity

2005 • 60 citations

Thymic expression of peripheral tissue antigens in humans: a remarkable variability among individuals

2005 • 58 citations

Transcription factors in autoimmunity

2003 • 58 citations

Expression of a Natural Tumor Antigen by Thymic Epithelial Cells Impairs the Tumor-Protective CD4+ T-Cell Repertoire

2005 • 57 citations

Regulating self-tolerance by deregulating gene expression

2004 • 54 citations

Autoimmune regulator induced changes in the gene expression profile of human monocyte-dendritic cell-lineage

2004 • 54 citations

Insulin alleles and autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene expression both influence insulin expression in the thymus

2005 • 53 citations

T Cell Tolerance to a Neo-Self Antigen Expressed by Thymic Epithelial Cells: The Soluble Form Is More Effective Than the Membrane-Bound Form

2003 • 52 citations

Functional clonal deletion of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors in chimeric thymus produced in vitro from embryonic Anlagen.

1983 • 49 citations

Mapping DNA-binding domains of the autoimmune regulator protein

2004 • 46 citations

Autoimmune hypogonadism as part of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome

2001 • 46 citations

Dendritic Cells in Human Thymus and Periphery Display a Proinsulin Epitope in a Transcription-Dependent, Capture-Independent Fashion

2005 • 44 citations

Presentation and intercellular transfer of self antigen within the thymic microenvironment: expression of the Eα peptide-l-A^b complex by isolated thymic stromal cells

1994 • 41 citations

Diversity of the inhibitory effects on fertilization by anti-sperm antibodies bound to the surface of ejaculated human sperm

2003 • 39 citations

Aberrant Expression of Tissue‐Specific Proteins in the Thymus: A Hypothesis for the Development of Central Tolerance

1998 • 39 citations

Exogenously Provided Peptides of a Self-antigen Can Be Processed into Forms that Are Recognized by Self–T Cells

1998 • 38 citations

Mice resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis have increased thymic expression of myelin basic protein and increased MBP specific T cell tolerance

2001 • 38 citations

Differential expression of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α subunit variants in muscle and non-muscle tissues

1993 • 37 citations

Peripheral T‐cell tolerance: the contribution of permissive T‐cell migration into parenchymal tissues of the neonate

1999 • 31 citations

On the intrathymic intercellular transfer of self-determinants

1999 • 29 citations

Promiscuous Thymic Expression of an Autoantigen Gene Does Not Result in Negative Selection of Pathogenic T Cells

2005 • 29 citations

Expression of ocular autoantigens in the mouse thymus

1998 • 29 citations

Expression of tissue‐specific autoantigens in the hematopoietic cells leads to activation‐induced cell death of autoreactive T cells in the secondary lymphoid organs

2004 • 29 citations

Acceleration of type 1 diabetes mellitus in proinsulin 2–deficient NOD mice

2003 • 28 citations

Heterozygous null mutation of myelin P0 protein enhances susceptibility to autoimmune neuritis targeting P0 peptide

2003 • 28 citations

Autoimmune Ovarian Disease in Day 3-Thymectomized Mice: The Neonatal Time Window, Antigen Specificity of Disease Suppression, and Genetic Control

2005 • 24 citations

Different patterns of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit transcription in human thymus

2004 • 21 citations

Effects of Sera from Infertile Women with Sperm Immobilizing Antibodies on Fertilization and Embryo Development In Vitro in Mice

2003 • 19 citations

Detection of thyroglobulin mRNA as truncated isoform(s) in mouse thymus

2005 • 19 citations

Regulatory T cells in the establishment and maintenance of self-tolerance: role of the thymic epithelium

2005 • 18 citations

Thymopoiesis in 4 dimensions

2004 • 16 citations

Quantitative Analysis of the Efficiency of Clonal Deletion in the Thymus

1993 • 16 citations

Expression of ocular autoantigens in the mouse thymus

1998 • 2 citations