Negative selection — clearing out the bad apples from the T-cell repertoire

Projection of an Immunological Self Shadow Within the Thymus by the Aire Protein

2002 • 2,371 citations

T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus

1987 • 2,248 citations

Positive and Negative Selection of T Cells

2003 • 1,547 citations

Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25⁺ CD4⁺ regulatory T cells: their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and transplantation tolerance

2001 • 1,515 citations

bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes

1991 • 1,223 citations

The Vβ-specific superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B: Stimulation of mature T cells and clonal deletion in neonatal mice

1989 • 1,095 citations

T-cell apoptosis detected in situ during positive and negative selection in the thymus

1994 • 1,071 citations

Promiscuous gene expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells mirrors the peripheral self

2001 • 1,043 citations

Kinetic proofreading in T-cell receptor signal transduction.

1995 • 931 citations

BH3-only proteins that bind pro-survival Bcl-2 family members fail to induce apoptosis in the absence of Bax and Bak

2001 • 815 citations

BH3-only Bcl-2 family member Bim is required for apoptosis of autoreactive thymocytes

2002 • 772 citations

Evidence for a differential avidity model of T cell selection in the thymus

1994 • 679 citations

Nerve growth factor induces a gene homologous to the glucocorticoid receptor gene

1988 • 661 citations

Developmental Biology of T Cells in T Cell-Receptor Transgenic Mice

1990 • 637 citations

T-cell-receptor affinity and thymocyte positive selection

1996 • 620 citations

T Cell-Specific Loss of Pten Leads to Defects in Central and Peripheral Tolerance

2001 • 575 citations

Activated T Cell Death In Vivo Mediated by Proapoptotic Bcl-2 Family Member Bim

2002 • 564 citations

Apoptotic signals delivered through the T-cell receptor of a T-cell hybrid require the immediate–early gene nur77

1994 • 551 citations

A gene inducible by serum growth factors encodes a member of the steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily.

1988 • 532 citations

Crucial role of the pre-T-cell receptor α gene in development of ap but not γδ T cells

1995 • 519 citations

A dominant interfering mutant of FADD/MORT1 enhances deletion of autoreactive thymocytes and inhibits proliferation of mature T lymphocytes

1998 • 504 citations

Positive and Negative Thymocyte Selection Induced by Different Concentrations of a Single Peptide

1994 • 497 citations

Shaping of the autoreactive T-cell repertoire by a splice variant of self protein expressed in thymic epithelial cells

2000 • 399 citations

Association of Grb2, Gads, and Phospholipase C-γ1 with Phosphorylated LAT Tyrosine Residues

2000 • 384 citations

Unopposed positive selection and autoreactivity in mice expressing class II MHC only on thymic cortex

1996 • 378 citations

Defective thymocyte apoptosis and accelerated autoimmune diseases in TRAIL−/− mice

2003 • 345 citations

Functional redundancy of the Nur77 and Nor-1 orphan steroid receptors in T-cell apoptosis

1997 • 315 citations

A role for the orphan steroid receptor Nur77 in apoptosis accompanying antigen-induced negative selection

1995 • 305 citations

Does T-cell tolerance require a dedicated antigen-presenting cell?

1989 • 288 citations

A LAT Mutation That Inhibits T Cell Development Yet Induces Lymphoproliferation

2002 • 278 citations

Unimpaired Thymic and Peripheral T Cell Death in Mice Lacking the Nuclear Receptor NGFI-B (Nur77)

1995 • 273 citations

Induction of T Helper Type 2 Immunity by a Point Mutation in the LAT Adaptor

2002 • 265 citations

Apoptosis of T Cells Mediated by Ca ²⁺ -Induced Release of the Transcription Factor MEF2

1999 • 262 citations

Negative selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes by T cell receptor-induced apoptosis requires a costimulatory signal that can be provided by CD28.

1994 • 257 citations

Signaling Life and Death in the Thymus: Timing Is Everything

2003 • 255 citations

Negative Selection in the Thymus Includes Semimature T Cells

1997 • 224 citations

The JNK Pathway Regulates the In Vivo Deletion of Immature CD4+CD8+ Thymocytes

1998 • 221 citations

C-Jun Nh2-Terminal Kinase (Jnk)1 and Jnk2 Have Similar and Stage-Dependent Roles in Regulating T Cell Apoptosis and Proliferation

2001 • 219 citations

Differential Roles of ERK and p38 MAP Kinase Pathways in Positive and Negative Selection of T Lymphocytes

1998 • 217 citations

The thymus and negative selection

2002 • 216 citations

Regulation of the Nur77 Orphan Steroid Receptor in Activation-Induced Apoptosis

1995 • 216 citations

A motif in the αβ T-cell receptor controls positive selection by modulating ERK activity

2000 • 203 citations

Quantitative Impact of Thymic Clonal Deletion on the T Cell Repertoire

1997 • 198 citations

Thymocyte Development in the Absence of Pre-T Cell Receptor Extracellular Immunoglobulin Domains

1998 • 194 citations

A Role for Fas in Negative Selection of Thymocytes In Vivo

1998 • 167 citations

Identification of the Minimal Tyrosine Residues Required for Linker for Activation of T Cell Function

2001 • 166 citations

Disruption of T cell signaling networks and development by Grb2 haploid insufficiency

2001 • 165 citations

CD4 T Cell Tolerance to Human C-reactive Protein, an Inducible Serum Protein, Is Mediated by Medullary Thymic Epithelium

1998 • 162 citations

Strong agonist ligands for the T cell receptor do not mediate positive selection of functional CD8+ T cells

1995 • 161 citations

Intrathymic Expression of Genes Involved in Organ Specific Autoimmune Disease

1998 • 155 citations

An essential role for gp39, the ligand for CD40, in thymic selection.

1995 • 148 citations

Positive and negative selection of T cells in T-cellreceptor transgenic mice expressing a bcl-2 transgene.

1994 • 147 citations

Two signals are required for negative selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes.

1993 • 143 citations

Imaging Synapse Formation during Thymocyte Selection

2002 • 142 citations

Deletion of potentially self-reactive T cell receptor specificities in L3T4-, Lyt-2- T cells of lpr mice.

1988 • 142 citations

Immature CD4+CD8+ Thymocytes Form a Multifocal Immunological Synapse with Sustained Tyrosine Phosphorylation

2002 • 138 citations

Distinct sequence of negative or positive selection implied by thymocyte T-cell receptor densities

1990 • 136 citations

Self-antigen presentation by thymic stromal cells: a subtle division of labor

2000 • 135 citations

Several Different Cell Surface Molecules Control Negative Selection of Medullary Thymocytes

1999 • 127 citations

B7 expression on thymic medullary epithelium correlates with epithelium-mediated deletion of V beta 5+ thymocytes.

1994 • 118 citations

Activation of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel by apro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim

2002 • 118 citations

Peptide-Induced Negative Selection of Thymocytes Activates Transcription of an NF-ΚB Inhibitor

2002 • 117 citations

Positive Selection Through a Motif in the αβ T Cell Receptor

1998 • 111 citations

Duration and Strength of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signals Are Altered During Positive Versus Negative Thymocyte Selection

2001 • 110 citations

The thymus and central tolerance

2001 • 110 citations

CD28 expression is not essential for positive and negative selection of thymocytes or peripheral T cell tolerance.

1996 • 105 citations

Role of thymic organ structure and stromal composition in steady‐state postnatal T‐cell production

2002 • 99 citations

APECED: a monogenic autoimmune disease providing new clues to self-tolerance

1998 • 99 citations

CD3δ Establishes a Functional Link between the T Cell Receptor and CD8

2003 • 94 citations

T-cell receptor ligation by peptide/MHC induces activation of a caspase in immature thymocytes: the molecular basis of negative selection

1997 • 88 citations

Caspase Enzyme Activity Is Not Essential for Apoptosis During Thymocyte Development

2000 • 79 citations

Clonal deletion of V beta 5+ T cells by transgenic I-E restricted to thymic medullary epithelium.

1993 • 76 citations

Tolerogenicity of thymic epithelium

1990 • 74 citations

CD8 is needed for positive selection but differentially required for negative selection of T cells during thymic ontogeny

1993 • 71 citations

Negative Selection of T Cells Occurs Throughout Thymic Development

1999 • 70 citations

Blocked negative selection of developing T cells in mice expressing the baculovirus p35 caspase inhibitor

1999 • 70 citations

Perinatal Blockade of B7-1 and B7-2 Inhibits Clonal Deletion of Highly Pathogenic Autoreactive T Cells

2002 • 70 citations

Self-Reactive T Cells Selected on Thymic Cortical Epithelium Are Polyclonal and Are Pathogenic In Vivo

1999 • 65 citations

The use of mammary tumor virus (Mtv)-negative and single-Mtv mice to evaluate the effects of endogenous viral superantigens on the T cell repertoire.

1995 • 64 citations

Using thymus anatomy to dissect T cell repertoire selection

1999 • 62 citations

Central Tolerance of T Cells

1995 • 61 citations

T-cell tolerance

1993 • 55 citations

Cutting Edge: Thymic Selection and Autoreactivity Are Regulated by Multiple Coreceptors Involved in T Cell Activation

1999 • 55 citations

Developmental regulation of thymocyte susceptibility to deletion by "self"-peptide.

1992 • 50 citations

The Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1-Mediated Pathway of Apoptosis Is Dispensable for Negative Selection of Thymocytes

2002 • 48 citations

Requirement for a Complex Array of Costimulators in the Negative Selection of Autoreactive Thymocytes In Vivo

2001 • 46 citations

Involvement of the TCR Cβ FG Loop in Thymic Selection and T Cell Function

2002 • 39 citations

Aberrant Expression of Tissue‐Specific Proteins in the Thymus: A Hypothesis for the Development of Central Tolerance

1998 • 39 citations

A Role for the α-Chain Connecting Peptide Motif in Mediating TCR-CD8 Cooperation

2002 • 34 citations

CD40 Ligand Functions Non-Cell Autonomously to Promote Deletion of Self-Reactive Thymocytes

2002 • 32 citations

Cutting Edge: Identification of the Targets of Clonal Deletion in an Unmanipulated Thymus

2003 • 29 citations

In Vivo T-Lymphocyte Tolerance in the Absence of Thymic Clonal Deletion Mediated by Hematopoietic Cells

1999 • 25 citations

The lack of NF-κB transactivation and PKCε expression in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes correlates with negative selection

2000 • 13 citations

T Cell Receptor β Chain Lacking the Large Solvent-exposed Cβ FG Loop Supports Normal α/β T Cell Development and Function in Transgenic Mice

1999 • 11 citations