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cDNA cloning and regional distribution of a novel member of the opioid receptor family

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Molecular biology and pharmacology of cloned opioid receptors ¹

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Importance of delta opioid receptors in maintaining high alcohol drinking

1991 • 220 citations

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1986 • 220 citations

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1996 • 220 citations

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1976 • 219 citations

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1991 • 218 citations

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1987 • 212 citations

SCH 23390 blocks drug-conditioned place-preference and place-aversion: anhedonia (lack of reward) or apathy (lack of motivation) after dopamine-receptor blockade?

1989 • 211 citations

Morphine and naloxone modulate intake of ethanol

1984 • 209 citations

The tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus: a brain-stem output of the limbic system critical for the conditioned place preferences produced by morphine and amphetamine

1989 • 206 citations

Facilitation of brain stimulation reward byΔ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol

1988 • 205 citations

Conditioned Narcotic Withdrawal in Humans

1977 • 204 citations

Cocaine self-administration differentially alters mRNA expression of striatal peptides

1992 • 201 citations

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An incentive model of rewarding brain stimulation.

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Specificity of opioids towards the μ-, δ- and ϵ-opiate receptors

1979 • 194 citations

Effects and aftereffects of ibogaine on morphine self-administration in rats

1991 • 194 citations

Action of drugs of abuse on brain reward systems: An update with specific attention to opiates

1982 • 194 citations

The use of place conditioning in studying the neuropharmacology of drug reinforcement

1989 • 193 citations

Evidence that the aversive effects of opioid antagonists and ?-agonists are centrally mediated

1989 • 193 citations

A placebo controlled clinical trial of buprenorphine as a treatment for opioid dependence

1995 • 189 citations

The role of dopamine in intracranial self-stimulation of the ventral tegmental area

1987 • 189 citations

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1986 • 189 citations

Place preference conditioning reveals the involvement of D1-dopamine receptors in the motivational properties of μ- and κ-opioid agonists

1987 • 189 citations

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1995 • 188 citations

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1966 • 187 citations

Affective states associated with morphine injections

1976 • 184 citations

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1994 • 183 citations

Neuroleptics block the positive reinforcing effects of amphetamine but not of morphine as measured by place conditioning

1985 • 180 citations

Bromocriptine self-administration and bromocriptine-reinstatement of cocaine-trained and heroin-trained lever pressing in rats

1990 • 179 citations

100 years of ibogaine: neurochemical and pharmacological actions of a putative anti-addictive drug.

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5HT3 receptor antagonists block morphine- and nicotine-but not amphetamine-induced reward

1989 • 176 citations

Catecholamines and self-stimulation: Reward and performance effects dissociated

1978 • 175 citations

Blockade of nucleus accumbens opiate receptors attenuates intravenous heroin reward in the rat

1985 • 175 citations

Morphine Lowering of Self-Stimulation Thresholds: Lack of Tolerance with Long-Term Administration

1977 • 171 citations

Cocaine self-administration increases preprodynorphin, but not c-fos, mRNA in rat striatum

1993 • 170 citations

Effect of naltrexone on alcohol consumption during chronic alcohol drinking and after a period of imposed abstinence in free-choice drinking rhesus monkeys

1991 • 170 citations

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Blockade of D-1 receptors by SCH 23390 antagonizes morphine- and amphetamine-induced place preference conditioning

1987 • 169 citations

Cocaine selectively increases striatonigral dynorphin levels by a dopaminergic mechanism.

1989 • 169 citations

Buprenorphine Suppresses Cocaine Self-Administration by Rhesus Monkeys

1989 • 168 citations

Oral ethanol self-administration in the rat: Effect of naloxone

1985 • 168 citations

Central Deficiency of β-Endorphin in Alcohol Addicts*

1982 • 168 citations

Exposure to mild stress enhances the reinforcing efficacy of intravenous heroin self-administration in rats

1994 • 167 citations

Motivational properties of opioids: evidence that an activation of σ-receptors mediates reinforcement processes

1987 • 167 citations

Opiates and alcohol self-administration in animals.

1995 • 167 citations

Opposite motivational effects of endogenous opioids in brain and periphery

1985 • 166 citations

Intravenous self-administration of drugs in rats.

1978 • 165 citations

Intravenous self-administration of etonitazene, cocaine and phencyclidine in rats during food deprivation and satiation.

1981 • 164 citations

Blockade of morphine reward through the activation of κ-opioid receptors in mice

1993 • 164 citations

Opiate antagonists reduce cocaine but not nicotine self-administration

1991 • 161 citations

Changes in hypothalamic preproenkephalin A mRNA following stress and opiate withdrawal

1987 • 161 citations

Relative roles of ventral striatal D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in responding with conditioned reinforcement

1993 • 161 citations

Effects of kappa opioids on cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys.

1997 • 161 citations

N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid-receptor antagonists block morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats

1995 • 159 citations

Intracranial Self-stimulation Thresholds

1979 • 159 citations

Effects of the κ-opioid receptor agonist U-50,488 on morphine-induced place preference conditioning in the developing rat

1996 • 156 citations

Pimozide and amphetamine have opposing effects on the reward summation function

1984 • 156 citations

Motivational effects of opioids: influence of D-1 versus D-2 receptor antagonists

1988 • 156 citations

The behavioral neurochemistry of motivation: methodological and conceptual issues in studies of the dynamic activity of nucleus accumbens dopamine

1996 • 155 citations

Morphine addiction in rats.

1957 • 154 citations

A summary of the results of a drug self-administration study using substitution procedures in rhesus monkeys.

1978 • 154 citations

kappa-Opioid receptor agonists prevent sensitization to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine.

1996 • 151 citations

Morphine addiction in chimpanzees.

1940 • 151 citations

Chronic cocaine alters brain mu opioid receptors

1992 • 151 citations

Corex, III; Prefrontal Cortex

1995 • 151 citations

First-pass effect of nalorphine in rats.

1977 • 151 citations

Reinforcement Properties of Morphine, Cocaine, and SPA as a Function of Unit Dose

1968 • 150 citations

Differences between Alcohol‐Preferring (AA) and Alcohol‐Avoiding (ANA) Rats in the Prodynorphin and Proenkephalin Systems

1994 • 149 citations

The Role of Mu- and Kappa-Opioid Receptors in Cocaine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference.

1992 • 149 citations

The delta opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole attenuates both alcohol and saccharin intake in rats selectively bred for alcohol preference

1995 • 148 citations

Self-injection of apomorphine in the rat: Positive reinforcement by a dopamine receptor stimulant

1974 • 147 citations

Factors affecting voluntary morphine intake in self-maintained addicted rats

1964 • 147 citations

Differential effects of acute and chronic ethanol treatment on particular opioid peptide systems in discrete regions of rat brain and pituitary

1983 • 146 citations

Interactions of MK-801 and GYKI 52466 with morphine and amphetamine in place preference conditioning and behavioural sensitization

1997 • 146 citations

Nucleus accumbens as a substrate for the aversive stimulus effects of opiate withdrawal

1989 • 145 citations

The novel neuropeptide orphanin FQ fails to produce conditioned place preference or aversion

1996 • 144 citations

Influence of morphine on lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation in the rat

1973 • 142 citations

Reinstatement of heroin self-administration habits: morphine prompts and naltrexone discourages renewed responding after extinction

1992 • 141 citations

Behavior genetic investigation of the relationship between spontaneous locomotor activity and the acquisition of morphine self-administration behavior

1995 • 141 citations

A Comparison of the Effects of the Opioid Antagonists Naltrexone, Naltrindole, and β-Funaltrexamine on Ethanol Consumption in the Rat

1998 • 140 citations

Stability of Met-enkephalin content in brain structures of morphine-dependent or foot shock-stressed rats

1977 • 139 citations

Opioids and rewarding brain stimulation

1978 • 139 citations

Brain stimulation reward ?Thresholds? self-determined in rat

1960 • 139 citations

Morphine-induced long-term sensitization to the locomotor effects of morphine and amphetamine depends on the temporal pattern of the pretreatment regimen

1997 • 138 citations

Involvement of μ-opioid receptors in alcohol drinking by alcohol-preferring AA rats

1993 • 136 citations

Food deprivation and acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats: effect of naltrexone and haloperidol.

1989 • 134 citations

Deprivation State Switches the Neurobiological Substrates Mediating Opiate Reward in the Ventral Tegmental Area

1997 • 134 citations

Buprenorphine Versus Methadone in the Treatment of Opioid Dependence

1996 • 134 citations

Emotional but not physical stress enhances intravenous cocaine self-administration in drug-naive rats

1993 • 133 citations

Uncontrollable Stress Potentiates Morphine's Rewarding Properties

1998 • 133 citations

Naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism: predicting response to naltrexone.

1995 • 132 citations

The Conditioned Reinforcing Effects of Stimuli Associated with Morphine Reinforcement

1968 • 130 citations

Neuroanatomical boundaries of the reward-relevant opiate-receptor field in the ventral tegmental area as mapped by the conditioned place preference method in rats

1987 • 130 citations

Electrical stimulation of reward sites in the ventral tegmental area increases dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens of the rat

1993 • 130 citations

The effects of the kappa agonist U-50,488 on cocaine-induced conditioned and unconditioned behaviors and Fos immunoreactivity

1995 • 129 citations

Role of repeated exposure to morphine in determining its affective properties: place and taste conditioning studies in rats

1991 • 129 citations

Experience of a "slip" among alcoholics treated with naltrexone or placebo

1996 • 128 citations

Sensitization to the Behavioral Effects of Cocaine: Modulation by Dynorphin and κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists

1997 • 128 citations

Apomorphine: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biochemistry

1976 • 127 citations

Self administration of nicotine with and without a food delivery schedule

1977 • 127 citations

Opioids: Similarity between evaluations of subjective effects and animal self-administration results

1979 • 127 citations

Feeding, drug abuse, and the sensitization of reward by metabolic need

1996 • 125 citations

The concept of craving and its measurement

1979 • 125 citations

Effects of Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Lesions on Responding for Intravenous Heroin under Different Schedules of Reinforcement

1998 • 124 citations

Acute and chronic cocaine administration differentially alters striatal opioid and nuclear transcription factor mRNAs

1994 • 124 citations

Rewarding properties of β-endorphin as measured by conditioned place preference

1987 • 123 citations

Effect of antagonists selective for mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors on the reinforcing effects of heroin in rats.

1993 • 122 citations

Effects of d-amphetamine and naloxone on brain stimulation reward

1980 • 122 citations

Functional significance of mesolimbic dopamine

1995 • 121 citations

The effects of intravenous heroin administration on extracellular nucleus accumbens dopamine concentrations as determined by in vivo microdialysis.

1995 • 121 citations

Responding for Oral Ethanol after Naloxone Treatment by Alcohol‐Preferring AA Rats

1993 • 121 citations

Facilitation of self-stimulation behavior following intracerebral microinjections of opioids into the ventral tegmental area

1979 • 120 citations

Genetic differences in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced facilitation of brain stimulation reward as measured by a rate-frequency curve-shift electrical brain stimulation paradigm in three different rat strains

1996 • 119 citations

κ-Opioid receptor agonist U50,488H modulates cocaine and morphine self-administration in drug-naive rats and mice

1997 • 119 citations

Effects of naltrexone on response to intravenous cocaine, hydromorphone and their combination in humans.

1996 • 118 citations

Effects of opiate antagonists and their quaternary derivatives on heroin self-administration in the rat.

1984 • 117 citations

Aversive properties of opiate receptor blockade: evidence for exclusively central mediation in naive and morphine-dependent rats

1988 • 117 citations

Naltrexone Increases the Latency to Drink Alcohol in Social Drinkers

1996 • 116 citations

Effects of chlorpromazine, meprobamate, pentobarbital and morphine on self-stimulation.

1960 • 116 citations

β-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity in plasma, pituitaries and hypothalamus of rats following treatment with opiates

1978 • 116 citations

Novelty-induced place preference behavior in rats: Effects of opiate and dopaminergic drugs

1989 • 115 citations

Pharmacological regulation of intravenous cocaine and heroin self-administration in rats: A variable dose paradigm

1989 • 115 citations

The delta2-opioid receptor antagonist naltriben selectively attenuates alcohol intake in rats bred for alcohol preference

1995 • 115 citations

A comparison of the effects of intra-accumbens injections of amphetamine and morphine on reinstatement of heroin intravenous self-administration behavior

1988 • 114 citations

β-Endorphin-induced locomotor stimulation and reinforcement are associated with an increase in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens

1991 • 114 citations

Neurobiology of motivation: double dissociation of two motivational mechanisms mediating opiate reward in drug-naive versus drug-dependent animals.

1992 • 113 citations

Drug‐ and behavior‐associated changes in dopamine‐related electrochemical signals during intravenous heroin self‐administration in rats

1993 • 113 citations

Behavioral and neurochemical interactions between cocaine and buprenorphine: implications for the pharmacotherapy of cocaine abuse.

1991 • 112 citations

Morphine-induced Suppression of Voluntary Alcohol Drinking in Rats

1973 • 112 citations

18-Methoxycoronaridine, a non-toxic iboga alkaloid congener: effects on morphine and cocaine self-administration and on mesolimbic dopamine release in rats

1996 • 112 citations

Reinforcement processes in opiate addiction: A homeostatic model

1996 • 111 citations

Effects of cocaine on extrapyramidal and limbic dynorphin systems.

1990 • 111 citations

Conditioned Place Preference: A Parametric Analysis Using Systemic Heroin Injections

1987 • 111 citations

The effects of selective blockade of delta and mu opiate receptors on ethanol consumption by C57BL/6 mice in a restricted access paradigm

1993 • 111 citations

Endogenous κ-opioid systems in opiate withdrawal: role in aversion and accompanying changes in mesolimbic dopamine release

1994 • 110 citations

Quantitation of preproenkephalin mRNA levels in brain regions from male Fischer rats following chronic cocaine treatment using a recently developed solution hybridization assay

1992 • 110 citations

Induction of tolerance to the analgesic action of lipotropin C-Fragment

1976 • 110 citations

Systemic morphine simultaneously decreases extracellular acetylcholine and increases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats

1991 • 110 citations

Involvement of central μ and δ opioid receptors in mediating the reinforcing effects of β-endorphin in the rat

1990 • 109 citations

Cocaine place preference is blocked by the δ-opioid receptor antagonist, naltrindole

1992 • 109 citations

Cocaine alters opiate receptor binding in critical brain reward regions

1989 • 109 citations

A rapid and inexpensive technique for assessing the reinforcing effects of opiate drugs

1979 • 108 citations

Influence of nigrostriatal dopaminergic tone on the biosynthesis of dynorphin and enkephalin in rat striatum

1990 • 108 citations

NEUROBIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON BEHAVIORAL MODELS OF MOTIVATION

1997 • 108 citations

Is the motivational effect of opiate withdrawal reflected by common somatic indices of precipitated withdrawal? A place conditioning study in the rat

1987 • 108 citations

Conditioned and unconditioned drug effects in relapse to opiate and stimulant drug self-administration

1983 • 107 citations

Effects of nicotine on the threshold for rewarding brain stimulation in rats

1992 • 107 citations

Naloxone attenuation of the effect of cocaine on rewarding brain stimulation

1987 • 107 citations

Effects of buprenorphine and other opioid agonists and antagonists on alfentanil- and cocaine-reinforced responding in rhesus monkeys.

1992 • 107 citations

Simultaneous rate-independent and rate-dependent assessment of intracranial self-stimulation: Evidence for the direct involvement of dopamine in brain reinforcement mechanisms

1979 • 106 citations

Separation of inhibiting and stimulating effects of morphine on self-stimulation behaviour by intracerebral microinjections

1976 • 106 citations

Morphine alters preproenkephalin gene expression

1988 • 106 citations

Buprenorphine Abuse Among Opiate Addicts

1988 • 106 citations

Drug interaction in the field of analgesic drugs.

1965 • 106 citations

Nalorphine-induced changes in morphine self-administration in rhesus monkeys.

1971 • 105 citations

Distribution of the mu and delta opioid binding sites in the brain of the alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA lines of rats.

1995 • 105 citations

Opioid mediation of cocaine-induced hyperactivity and reinforcement

1989 • 104 citations

Calcium antagonists isradipine and nimodipine suppress cocaine and morphine intravenous self-administration in drug-naive mice

1992 • 104 citations

Persistence of chronic morphine effects upon activity in rats 8 months after ceasing the treatment

1975 • 103 citations

Buprenorphine and naltrexone effects on cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys.

1990 • 103 citations

Inhibition of reinforcing effects of morphine and motivational aspects of naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine.

1997 • 102 citations

Dependence creating properties of lipotropin C-fragment (β-endorphin): Evidence for its internal control of behavior

1979 • 102 citations

[3H]Naloxone binding in the human brain: alcoholism and theTaqI A D2 dopamine receptor polymorphism

1996 • 101 citations

Modulation of drug-induced sensitization processes by endogenous opioid systems

1995 • 101 citations

Regulation of the metabolism of striatal dynorphin by the dopaminergic system.

1988 • 101 citations

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens during heroin self-administration is modulated by kappa opioid receptors: an in vivo fast-cyclic voltammetry study.

1998 • 101 citations

Involvement of the ventral tegmental dopamine system in opioid and psychomotor stimulant reinforcement.

1986 • 101 citations

The development of a conditioned place preference to morphine: Effects of lesions of various CNS sites.

1997 • 101 citations

Factors regulating oral consumption of an opioid (etonitazene) by morphine-addicted rats

1963 • 101 citations

Opioidergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic manipulations and rats' intake of a sweetened alcoholic beverage

1991 • 100 citations

Reward produced by microinjection of (d-Ala2),Met5-enkephalinamide into the ventral tegmental area

1982 • 100 citations

Radioimmunoassay of enkephalins

1977 • 98 citations

The dopamine receptor agonist 7-OH-DPAT modulates the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced place preference

1995 • 97 citations

Self-administration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol by rats

1979 • 97 citations

Inactivation of Gi and G(o) proteins in nucleus accumbens reduces both cocaine and heroin reinforcement

1994 • 97 citations

Morphine Enhances Lateral Hypothalamic Self-Stimulation in the Rat

1972 • 95 citations

Effects of Single and Repeated Exposures to Ethanol on Hypothalamic β-Endorphin and CRH Release by the C57BL/6 and DBA/2 Strains of Mice

1993 • 95 citations

Dopaminergic mediation of reward produced by direct injection of enkephalin into the ventral tegmental area of the rat

1983 • 95 citations

Noradrenergic role in the self-administration of morphine or amphetamine

1975 • 94 citations

Morphine-induced place preference in the CXBK mouse: characteristics of μ opioid receptor subtypes

1993 • 93 citations

κ₂Opioid Receptors in Limbic Areas of the Human Brain Are Upregulated by Cocaine in Fatal Overdose Victims

1997 • 92 citations

The putative anti-addictive drug ibogaine is a competitive inhibitor of [3H]MK-801 binding to the NMDA receptor complex

1994 • 92 citations

Ventral tegmental site of opiate reward: Antagonism by a hydrophilic opiate receptor blocker

1983 • 91 citations

Opiates as Reinforcing Stimuli

1971 • 91 citations

The effects of eticlopride and naltrexone on responding maintained by food, cocaine, heroin and cocaine/heroin combinations in rats.

1996 • 91 citations

Apparent independence of opiate reinforcement and electrical self-stimulation systems in rat brain

1977 • 91 citations

Activation of ventral tegmental GABAB receptors inhibits morphine-induced place preference in rats

1996 • 90 citations

The effect of ethanol on the biosynthesis and regulation of opioid peptides

1989 • 90 citations

Tests of opioid deficiency hypotheses of alcoholism

1991 • 90 citations

Hypothalamic substrate for the positive reinforcing properties of morphine in the rat

1979 • 89 citations

Enkephalin: Radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay in morphine dependent rats

1977 • 88 citations

Effect of nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion on motivational aspects involved in initiation of cocaine and heroin self-administration in rats

1996 • 88 citations

Aversive properties of naloxone in non-dependent (naive) rats may involve blockade of central ?-endorphin

1985 • 88 citations

Place conditioning in a three- or four-choice apparatus: Role of stimulus novelty in drug-induced place conditioning.

1992 • 87 citations

Opioidergic modulation of cocaine conditioned place preferences

1992 • 87 citations

Oral self-administration of ethanol and not experimenter-administered ethanol facilitates rewarding electrical brain stimulation

1990 • 86 citations

Effects of 6-OHDA lesions of the central medial nucleus accumbens on rat intravenous morphine self-administration

1985 • 86 citations

Effect of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, MDL72222 and ondansetron on morphine place conditioning

1992 • 86 citations

Sensitization to the conditioned rewarding effects of morphine and cocaine: differential effects of the κ-opioid receptor agonist U69593

1998 • 85 citations

Brain endorphins and the sense of well-being: a psychobiological hypothesis.

1978 • 85 citations

Opioid receptor subtypes associated with ventral tegmental facilitation of lateral hypothalamic brain stimulation reward

1987 • 84 citations

Reinforcing and discriminative stimulus properties of mixed agonist-antagonist opioids.

1984 • 83 citations

Lack of evidence for an involvement of nucleus accumbens dopamine D1 receptors in the initiation of heroin self-administration in the rat

1994 • 83 citations

Genetic factors in alcohol self-administration.

1995 • 82 citations

Decrease in ethanol consumption by naloxone in naive and dependent rats

1983 • 81 citations

Buprenorphine and naloxone interactions in opiate-dependent volunteers*

1996 • 81 citations

Comparison of buprenorphine and methadone effects on opiate self-administration in primates.

1983 • 80 citations

Differential mechanisms in the acquisition and expression of heroin-induced place preference

1989 • 80 citations

Comparison of the effects of morphine, pentazocine, cyclazocine and amphetamine on intracranial self-stimulation in the rat

1976 • 80 citations

Regional reward differences within the ventral pallidum are revealed by microinjections of a mu opiate receptor agonist

1993 • 79 citations

Effects of the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist DNQX in the nucleus accumbens on drug-induced conditioned place preference

1993 • 79 citations

Effect of stress on oral morphine and fentanyl self-administration in rats

1992 • 79 citations

Reward and Abuse of Opiates

1992 • 79 citations

Effects of morphine treatment on pro-opiomelanocortin systems in rat brain

1990 • 78 citations

Endogenous opioids and excessive alcohol consumption.

1993 • 78 citations

Acute amphetamine or methamphetamine alters opioid peptide mRNA expression in rat striatum

1994 • 78 citations

Etonitazene delivered orally serves as a reinforcer for Lewis but not Fischer 344 rats

1992 • 78 citations

Chronic food restriction and weight loss produce opioid facilitation of perifornical hypothalamic self-stimulation

1993 • 78 citations

Lack of an effect of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens on intravenous morphine self-administration

1988 • 78 citations

Morphine differentially affects ventral tegmental and substantia nigra brain reward thresholds

1981 • 78 citations

Alcohol drinking is reduced by a μ1- but not by a δ-opioid receptor antagonist in alcohol-preferring rats

1996 • 78 citations

Effect of acute ethanol in vivo and in vitro on the β-endorphin system in the rat

1987 • 78 citations

The dopamine hypothesis of opiate reward challenged

1987 • 77 citations

Characterization of methamphetamine effects on the striatal-nigral dynorphin system

1988 • 77 citations

The role of perireceptor events in chemosensory processes

1990 • 77 citations

Effects of naltrexone on intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats during food satiation and deprivation.

1986 • 77 citations

An examination of heroin conditioning in preferred and nonpreferred environments and in differentially housed mature and immature rats

1985 • 76 citations

Sex differences in effects of predictable and unpredictable footshock on fentanyl self-administration in rats.

1997 • 76 citations

Effects of the histaminergic system on the morphine-induced conditioned place preference in mice

1995 • 76 citations

Progressive-ratio performance in the rhesus monkey maintained by opiate infusions

1979 • 76 citations

Opioid operant self-administration, analgesia, stimulation and respiratory depression inμ-deficient mice

1995 • 75 citations

Single-trial conditioned place preference using intravenous morphine

1986 • 75 citations

Regulation of the concentration of dynorphin A1–8 in the striatonigral pathway by the dopaminergic system

1986 • 75 citations

Kappa receptors mediate the peripheral aversive effects of opiates

1987 • 74 citations

Potentiation of lateral hypothalamic and midline mesencephalic brain stimulation reinforcement by nicotine: examination of repeated treatment.

1994 • 74 citations

Modulation of heroin self-administration by neurohypophyseal principles

1977 • 73 citations

Long-term morphine treatment decreases endorphin levels in rat brain and pituitary

1979 • 73 citations

THE HISTORY OF OPIUM AND SOME OF ITS PREPARATIONS AND ALKALOIDS

1915 • 73 citations

Morphine ingestion: Genetic control in mice

1977 • 73 citations

Receptor binding, antagonist, and withdrawal precipitating properties of opiate antagonists

1983 • 72 citations

Formalin- and carrageenan-induced inflammation attenuates place preferences produced by morphine, methamphetamine and cocaine

1996 • 72 citations

Chronic repeated cocaine administration alters basal and opioid‐regulated adenylyl cyclase activity

1993 • 72 citations

Self-administration of D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide at hypothalamic self-stimulation sites

1980 • 71 citations

Naloxone blockade of amphetamine place preference conditioning

1991 • 71 citations

Attenuation of alcohol drinking in tetrahydroisoquinoline-treated rats by morphine and naltrexone

1983 • 71 citations

Opioid blockade attenuates acquisition and expression of cocaine-induced place preference conditioning in rats

1995 • 71 citations

Genetics of alcoholism: Role of the endogenous opioid system

1994 • 71 citations

The effects of chronic buprenorphine treatment on cocaine and food self-administration by rhesus monkeys.

1992 • 71 citations

Cyclazocine revisited

1996 • 70 citations

Reinforcing stimulus properties of drugs

1979 • 70 citations

Effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on HRP retrograde transport from hippocampus to midbrain raphe nuclei in the rat

1983 • 70 citations

Behavioral profile of ψ-MSH: Relationship with acta and β-endorphin action

1981 • 69 citations

Intraaccumbens injections of substance P, morphine and amphetamine: effects on conditioned place preference and behavioral activity

1998 • 69 citations

Effects of pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus lesions on morphine-induced conditioned place preference and analgesia in the formalin test

1993 • 69 citations

Effect of naltrexone on human alcohol consumption.

1995 • 69 citations

Isolation versus grouped housing in rats: Differential effects of low doses of heroin in the place preference paradigm

1983 • 69 citations

Buprenorphine abuse: report from India

1990 • 68 citations

Intravenous morphine self-administration by rats with low versus high saccharin preferences

1995 • 68 citations

Systemic pretreatment with MK-801 (dizocilpine) increases breaking points for self-administration of cocaine on a progressive-ratio schedule in rats

1996 • 68 citations

Depression of Morphine-seeking Behaviour by Dopamine Inhibition

1974 • 67 citations

Self-administration of small amounts of morphine through glass micropipettes into the ventral tegmental area of the rat

1989 • 67 citations

Maintenance and suppression of behavior by intravenous nicotine injections in squirrel monkeys.

1982 • 67 citations

Prodynorphin, proenkephalin and κ opioid receptor mRNA responses to acute “binge” cocaine

1997 • 67 citations

Excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist kynurenic acid attenuates rewarding potential of morphine

1994 • 67 citations

Effects of Morphine and Naloxone on Ethanol‐ and Sucrose‐Reinforced Responding in Nondeprived Rats

1992 • 66 citations

Involvement of neurohypophyseal peptides in drug-mediated adaptive responses

1980 • 66 citations

Schedule induced self-injection of d-amphetamine by naive animals

1978 • 66 citations

Behavior maintained under second-order schedules of intravenous morphine injection in squirrel and rhesus monkeys

1977 • 65 citations

Pertussis toxin abolishes μ- and δ-opioid agonist-induced place perference

1991 • 65 citations

β-endorphin in brain limbic structures as neurochemical correlate of psychic dependence on drugs

1989 • 65 citations

Conditioned place preference produced by intra-hippocampal morphine

1988 • 65 citations

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE: CLINICAL USE AND LIMITATIONS OF NALTREXONE TREATMENT

1995 • 65 citations

Naltrexone effects on ethanol drinking acquisition and on established ethanol consumption in C57BL/6J mice.

1997 • 65 citations

Heroin self-administration is under control of vasopressin

1977 • 64 citations

Effect of social isolation on the reinforcing properties of morphine in the conditioned place preference test

1996 • 64 citations

Tolerance and selective cross-tolerance to the motivational effects of opioids

1988 • 64 citations

Alterations in striatal zif/268, preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin mRNA expression induced by repeated amphetamine administration in rats

1995 • 64 citations

The stimulus properties of morphine and ethanol

1975 • 64 citations

Genetic approaches to drug dependence

1992 • 64 citations

Persistence and specificity of small doses of morphine on intake of alcoholic beverages

1987 • 64 citations

Ibogaine-like effects of noribogaine in rats

1996 • 63 citations

Antagonist effects of nalbuphine in opioid-dependent human volunteers.

1989 • 63 citations

Differential effect of self-stimulation on dopamine release and metabolism in the rat medial frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum studied by in vivo microdialysis

1992 • 63 citations

THE EFFECT OF INTERRUPTED ALCOHOL SUPPLY ON SPONTANEOUS ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BY RHESUS MONKEYS

1990 • 63 citations

Potentiation of reward by hunger is opioid mediated

1984 • 63 citations

Prenatal Morphine Enhances Morphine-Conditioned Place Preference in Adult Rats

1997 • 62 citations

Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation: Daily morphine and lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation

1976 • 62 citations

Pharmacological Aspects of Drug Dependence

1964 • 62 citations

Alcohol drinking in rats during and following morphine injections

1991 • 62 citations

Morphine place conditioning is differentially affected by CCKA and CCKB receptor antagonists

1992 • 62 citations

Inbred strains of mice with variable sensitivity to ethanol exhibit differences in the content and processing of β-endorphin

1986 • 62 citations

Reinforcing properties of stereoisomers of the putative sigma agonists N-allylnormetazocine and cyclazocine in rhesus monkeys.

1983 • 62 citations

Continuous-access phencyclidine self-administration by rhesus monkeys leading to physical dependence

1980 • 62 citations

Methamphetamine-induced changes in the striatal-nigral dynorphin system: role of D-1 and D-2 receptors

1987 • 61 citations

Acute and chronic ethanol treatment on beta-endorphin and catecholamine levels

1989 • 61 citations

The effect of microinjections of morphine and haloperidol into the neostriatum and the nucleus accumbens on self-stimulation behaviour.

1975 • 61 citations

Beta-endorphin-like immunoactivity in the plasma of heroin addicts and normal subjects

1980 • 61 citations

Antagonist treatment in nucleus accumbers or periaqueductal grey affects heroin self-administration

1988 • 60 citations

Neurobiology of withdrawal motivation: Evidence for two separate aversive effects produced in morphine-naive versus morphine-dependent rats by both naloxone and spontaneous withdrawal.

1995 • 60 citations

Nicotine-induced decreases in VTA electrical self-stimulation thresholds: blockade by haloperidol and mecamylamine but not scopolamine or ondansetron

1997 • 59 citations

Opiate antagonists and rewarding brain stimulation

1988 • 59 citations

Naloxone-Precipitated Morphine Withdrawal Induced Place Aversions Effect of Naloxone at 24 Hours Postmorphine

1998 • 59 citations

Aversive property of opioid receptor blockade in drug-naive mice

1987 • 59 citations

The development of opiate addiction in the rat

1996 • 59 citations

Intravenous alcohol self-administration in the rat

1974 • 59 citations

Chronic opiate agonists down-regulate prodynorphin gene expression in rat brain

1991 • 58 citations

Opiate receptor binding and analgesic effects of the tetrahydroisoquinolines salsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline.

1980 • 58 citations

Maternal Exposure to Low Doses of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Facilitates Morphine-Induced Place Conditioning in Adult Male Offspring

1998 • 58 citations

The δ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole prevents sensitization to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine

1995 • 58 citations

Morphine-induced potentiation of brain stimulation reward is enhanced by MK-801

1993 • 57 citations

The NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) stereoselectively inhibits morphine-induced place preference conditioning in mice

1996 • 57 citations

Naloxone inhibits the reinforcing and motivational aspects of cocaine addiction in mice

1997 • 57 citations

Inhibition by MK-801 of morphine-induced conditioned place preference and postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity in mice

1996 • 57 citations

The dopamine innervation of the visceral cortex mediates the aversive effects of opiates

1988 • 57 citations

Buprenorphine and naloxone interactions in methadone maintenance patients

1997 • 57 citations

Apparatus and technique involved in a laboratory method of detecting the addictiveness of drugs

1955 • 56 citations

Intracerebroventricular naltrexone treatment attenuates acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats

1991 • 56 citations

Psychotomimetic σ-opiates and PCP

1986 • 56 citations

Heroin self-administration by rats: Influence of dose and physical dependence

1989 • 56 citations

Cocaine self-administration and naltrindole, a delta-selective opioid antagonist

1995 • 56 citations

β-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin levels in discrete brain regions, spinal cord, pituitary gland and plasma of morphine tolerant-dependent and abstinent rats

1991 • 56 citations

Preference conditioning produced by opioid active and inactive isomers of levorphanol and morphine in rat

1986 • 56 citations

Synergistic effects of cocaine with lateral hypothalamic brain stimulation reward: lack of tolerance or sensitization.

1997 • 55 citations

Effects of ritanserin on the rewarding properties of d-amphetamine, morphine and diazepam revealed by conditioned place preference in rats

1988 • 55 citations

Clonidine attenuates conditioned aversion produced by naloxone-precipitated opiate withdrawal

1994 • 55 citations

Neurotransmitter turnover in rat striatum is correlated with morphine self-administration

1980 • 54 citations

Classification of narcotics on the basis of their reinforcing, discriminative, and antagonist effects in rhesus monkeys.

1982 • 54 citations

Intraventricular self-administration of morphine in naive laboratory rats

1976 • 54 citations

Influence of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and the indirect 5-HT agonist, dexfenfluramine, on heroin self-administration in rats

1994 • 54 citations

Evidence for the Existence of the β-Endorphin-Sensitive “ε-Opioid Receptor” in the Brain: The Mechanisms of ε-Mediated Antinociception

1998 • 54 citations

Regulation of striatonigral prodynorphin peptides by dopaminergic agents

1990 • 54 citations

Blockade of morphine- and amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in the rat by riluzole

1998 • 53 citations

Prenatal exposure to morphine enhances cocaine and heroin self-administration in drug-naive rats

1993 • 53 citations

Changes in morphine self-administration in rats induced by prostaglandin E1 and naloxone

1976 • 53 citations

Role of delta opioid receptors in the reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in rhesus monkeys.

1995 • 53 citations

A potential role of saline trials in morphine-induced place-preference conditioning

1986 • 53 citations

Down-regulation of proopiomelanocortin synthesis and beta-endorphin utilization in hypothalamus of morphine-tolerant rats

1989 • 53 citations

The role of δ-opioid receptor subtypes in cocaine- and methamphetamine-induced place preferences

1994 • 53 citations

Effects of [Des-Tyr1]-γ-endorphin and α-endorphin on substantia nigra self-stimulation

1979 • 53 citations

Self-administration of heroin, acetylmethadol, morphine, and methadone in rhesus monkeys

1978 • 53 citations

The effect of chronic cocaine on self-stimulation train-duration thresholds

1988 • 53 citations

Chronic flupentixol treatment potentiates the reinforcing properties of systemic heroin administration

1989 • 52 citations

Differential antagonism by naloxone of inhibitory effects of haloperidol and morphine on brain self-stimulation

1974 • 52 citations

Cocaine influences beta-endorphin levels and release

1988 • 52 citations

Opioid-neuroleptic interaction in brainstem self-stimulation

1989 • 52 citations

Naloxone enhances the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference

1990 • 52 citations

The CCKB antagonist PD-134,308 facilitates rewarding effects of endogenous enkephalins but does not induce place preference in rats

1996 • 51 citations

Self-administration of morphine into the lateral hypothalamus in the mouse

1987 • 51 citations

Intracranial self-stimulation in rats as a function of various stimulus parameters

1976 • 51 citations

Enhanced activity of the brain β-endorphin system by free-choice ethanol drinking in C57BL/6 but not DBA/2 mice

1994 • 51 citations

Naloxone Reduces Alcohol Intake in a Free-Choice Procedure Even when Both Drinking Bottles Contain Saccharin Sodium or Quinine Substances

1984 • 51 citations

Central vs. peripheral mediation of opioid effects on alcohol consumption in free-feeding rats

1989 • 51 citations

Peripheral receptors mediate the aversive conditioning effects of morphine in the rat

1987 • 51 citations

Conditioned place preference produced by infusion of Met-enkephalin into the medial preoptic area

1991 • 50 citations

Heroin, 6-acetylmorphine and morphine effects on threshold for rewarding and aversive brain stimulation.

1992 • 50 citations

Differentiation of hypothalamic drive and reward centers

1971 • 50 citations

Opioid regulation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression in the rat brain as studied by in situ hybridization

1993 • 50 citations

Self-administration of an enkephalin analog by rhesus monkey

1978 • 49 citations

Ethanol with small doses of morphine establishes a conditioned place preference

1988 • 49 citations

Effect of Differential Rearing Environments on Morphine-induced Behaviors, Opioid Receptors and Dopamine Synthesis

1997 • 49 citations

The role of multiple opioid receptors in the potentiation of reward by food restriction

1994 • 49 citations

Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists Attenuate Somatic and Aversive Signs of Opiate Withdrawal

1993 • 49 citations

Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition attenuates morphine-induced place preference

1996 • 49 citations

Involvement of Opioid μ1 Receptors in Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference In Rats

1997 • 48 citations

INTERACTIONS OF NARCOTICS, NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS, AND ETHANOL DURING ACUTE, CHRONIC, AND WITHDRAWAL STATES

1976 • 47 citations

Behavioral and pharmacological aspects of opioid dependence: mixed agonist-antagonists.

1983 • 47 citations

Effects of naltrexone pretreatment on the subjective and performance effects of ethanol in social drinkers

1995 • 47 citations

Combined effects of buprenorphine and a nondrug alternative reinforcer on IV cocaine self-administration in rats maintained under FR schedules

1996 • 47 citations

Lack of involvement ofδ-opioid receptors in mediating the rewarding effects of cocaine

1995 • 47 citations

Intravenous cocaine challenges during naltrexone maintenance: A preliminary study

1992 • 47 citations

Establishment of etonitazene as a reinforcer for rats by use of schedule-induced drinking

1977 • 47 citations

Neuroleptics block high- but not low-dose heroin place preferences: Further evidence for a two-system model of motivation.

1994 • 47 citations

Dopamine-dependent behavioural stimulation by non-peptide delta opioids BW373U86 and SNC 80: 2. Place-preference and brain microdialysis studies in rats.

1998 • 46 citations

Suppression of Alcohol Preference in High Alcohol Drinking Rats

1996 • 46 citations

Free-operant and auto-titration brain self-stimulation procedures in the rat: A comparison of drug effects

1979 • 46 citations

Bremazocine reduces unrestricted free-choice ethanol self-administration in rats without affecting sucrose preference

1999 • 46 citations

Inquiry into endorphinergic feedback mechanisms during the development of opiate tolerance/dependence

1980 • 46 citations

Effects of ibogaine on responding maintained by food, cocaine and heroin reinforcement in rats

1995 • 46 citations

Blockade of δ-Opioid Receptors Prevents Morphine-Induced Place Preference in Mice

1994 • 46 citations

Naltrexone–Buprenorphine Interactions: Effects on Cocaine Self-Administration

1993 • 46 citations

Allosteric Coupling Among Opioid Receptors: Evidence for an Opioid Receptor Complex

1993 • 45 citations

Comparison of delta opiate receptor agonist induced reward and motor effects between the ventral pallidum and dorsal striatum

1994 • 45 citations

Comparison of opioid self-injection and disruption of schedule-controlled performance in the baboon.

1986 • 45 citations

Effects of the calcium antagonist isradipine on cocaine intravenous self-administration in rats

1994 • 45 citations

Cocaine conditioned place preference is attenuated by chronic buprenorphine treatment

1991 • 45 citations

Place-conditioning properties of mu, kappa, and sigma opioid agonists.

1985 • 45 citations

Involvement of the mesolimbic dopamine system in mediating the aversive effects of opioid antagonists in the rat

1995 • 45 citations

A Small Dose of Morphine Leads Rats to Drink More Alcohol and Achieve Higher Blood Alcohol Concentrations

1993 • 44 citations

Etonitazene as a reinforcer: Oral intake of etonitazene by rhesus monkeys

1978 • 44 citations

Involvement of dopamine-dependent and -independent mechanisms in the rewarding effects mediated by δ opioid receptor subtypes in mice

1997 • 44 citations

Second-order schedules: extended sequences of behavior controlled by brief environmental stimuli associated with drug self-administration.

1981 • 44 citations

Effects of 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens on rat inravenous morphine self-administration

1987 • 43 citations

Comparison of the effects of morphine on hypothalamic and medial frontal cortex self-stimulation in the rat

1976 • 43 citations

Naloxone decreases ethanol consumption within a free choice paradigm in rats

1988 • 42 citations

κ-Opioid receptor blockade with nor-binaltorphimine modulates cocaine self-administration in drug-naive rats

1998 • 42 citations

Small-dose intravenous heroin facilitates hypothalamic self-stimulation without response suppression in rats

1981 • 42 citations

Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of methyl naloxonium chloride on heroin self-administration in the rat

1985 • 42 citations

Brain and Plasma Tetrahydroisoquinolines in Rats: Effects of Chronic Ethanol Intake and Diet

1990 • 42 citations

Delayed occurrence of enhanced striatal preprodynorphin gene expression in behaviorally sensitized rats: differential long-term effects of intermittent and chronic morphine administration

1996 • 42 citations

Alkylation of mu opioid receptors by beta-funaltrexamine in vivo: comparison of the effects on in situ binding and heroin self-administration in rats.

1995 • 41 citations

Reward shifts and motor responses following microinjections of opiate-specific agonists into either the core or shell of the nucleus accumbens

1995 • 41 citations

Buprenorphine's effects on self-administration of smoked cocaine base and orally delivered phencyclidine, ethanol and saccharin in rhesus monkeys.

1992 • 41 citations

Hippocampal μ-receptors mediate opioid reinforcement in the CA3 region

1991 • 40 citations

Naltrexone affects cocaine self-administration in naı̈ve rats through the ventral tegmental area rather than dopaminergic target regions

1999 • 40 citations

A comparative study of self-administration of morphine into the amygdala and the ventral tegmental area in mice

1994 • 39 citations

Lesions of the nucleus accumbens in rats reduce opiate reward but do not alter context-specific opiate tolerance.

1989 • 39 citations

Continuous intravenous naltrexone effects on morphine self-administration in rhesus monkeys.

1978 • 39 citations

Review of self-administration

1985 • 39 citations

Lesions of the dorsomedial amygdala, but not the nucleus accumbens, reduce the aversiveness of morphine withdrawal in rats.

1994 • 39 citations

Alcohol induces formation of morphine precursors in the striatum of rats

1996 • 39 citations

Neuroleptic-like profile of γ-type endorphins as related to schizophrenia

1982 • 38 citations

Enhancement of morphine self-administration in drug naive, inbred strains of mice by acute emotional stress

1996 • 38 citations

Endogenous opioids implicated in the dynamics of experimental drug addiction: an in vivo autoradiographic analysis

1999 • 38 citations

Modulation of substantia nigra self-stimulation by neuropeptides related to neurohypophyseal hormones

1979 • 38 citations

Clonidine Blocks Acquisition But not Expression of Conditioned Opiate Withdrawal in Rats

1998 • 38 citations

The Effects of Naloxone on Expression and Acquisition of Ethanol Place Conditioning in Rats

1997 • 38 citations

Limbic acetylcholine turnover rates correlated with rat morphine-seeking behaviors

1984 • 38 citations

Threshold differences for naloxone and naltrexone in the hypothalamus and midbrain using fixed ratio brain self-stimulation in rats

1981 • 37 citations

Morphine suppresses alcohol drinking regardless of prior alcohol access duration

1974 • 37 citations

Differential effects of ventral striatal lesions on the conditioned place preference induced by morphine or amphetamine

1996 • 36 citations

Intracranial self-stimulation as a technique to study the reward properties of drugs of abuse

1980 • 36 citations

Further studies to examine the nature of dexfenfluramine-induced suppression of heroin self-administration

1995 • 36 citations

Synergistic effects of cocaine and dizocilpine (MK-801) on brain stimulation reward

1997 • 36 citations

Comparison of opioid agonists in maintaining responding and in suppressing morphine withdrawal in rhesus monkeys

1981 • 36 citations

Mirfentanil: pharmacological profile of a novel fentanyl derivative with opioid and nonopioid effects.

1991 • 35 citations

Vasopressin neuropeptides and acquisition of heroin and cocaine self-administration in rats

1988 • 35 citations

Self-administration of dynorphin-[1–13] and D-ala2-dynorphin-[1–11] (kappa opioid agonists) in morphine (mu opioid agonist)-dependent rats

1983 • 35 citations

The Effects of Nalbuphine and Butorphanol Treatment on Cocaine and Food Self-Administration by Rhesus Monkeys

1993 • 35 citations

Dose and physical dependence as factors in the self-administration of morphine by rats

1979 • 35 citations

Morphine-6-glucuronide contributes to rewarding effects of opiates

1991 • 35 citations

Integration of opioid antagonists and psychosocial therapy in the treatment of narcotic and alcohol dependence.

1995 • 35 citations

Medial Forebrain Bundle Stimulation or D-2 Dopamine Receptor Activation Increases Preproenkephalin mRNA in Rat Striatum

1989 • 35 citations

Naltrindole, an opioid delta receptor antagonist, blocks cocaine-induced facilitation of responding for rewarding brain stimulation

1993 • 34 citations

Phencyclidine-induced potentiation of brain stimulation reward: acute effects are not altered by repeated administration

1993 • 34 citations

The interaction of a fixed time food delivery schedule and body weight on self-administration of narcotic analgesics

1980 • 34 citations

Modulation of cocaine intravenous self-administration in drug-naive animals by dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel modulators

1996 • 34 citations

Dose-dependent conditioned place preference produced by etonitazene and morphine

1992 • 34 citations

Naloxone, but not Tyr-MIF-1, reduces volitional ethanol drinking in rats: Correlation with degree of spontaneous preference

1988 • 34 citations

Reinforcing effect of alfentanil is mediated by mu opioid receptors: apparent pA2 analysis.

1989 • 33 citations

Effect of the highly selective and nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist TAN-67 on the morphine-induced place preference in mice.

1996 • 33 citations

Enkephalin levels in rat brain after various regimens of morphine administration

1979 • 33 citations

Interactions of naloxone with morphine, amphetamine and phencyclidine on fixed interval responding for intracranial self-stimulation in rats

1990 • 33 citations

Enkephalinase inhibition facilitates sexual behavior in the male rat but does not produce conditioned place preference

1994 • 33 citations

Unlike morphine the endogenous enkephalins protected by RB101 are unable to establish a conditioned place preference in mice

1993 • 33 citations

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors mediate dopamone-induced changes in extrapyramidal and limbic dynorphin systems

1991 • 33 citations

Relative potency of codeine, methadone and dihydromorphinone to morphine in self-maintained addict rats

1965 • 33 citations

Chronic pretreatment with naltrexone facilitates acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats

1990 • 33 citations

Selected opioids, ethanol and intake of ethanol

1984 • 32 citations

Elevation of met5-enkephalin and β-endorphin hypothalamic content in rats receiving anorectic drugs: Differences between d-fenfluramine and d-amphetamine

1982 • 32 citations

Schedule-induced oral narcotic self-administration: acute and chronic effects.

1975 • 32 citations

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOL AND COCAINE ON BRAIN STIMULATION REWARD

1994 • 32 citations

The CCKA receptor antagonist devazepide does not modify opioid self-administration or drug discrimination: comparison with the dopamine antagonist haloperidol

1994 • 32 citations

Effects of intermittent buprenorphine administration on cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys.

1993 • 32 citations

Characterization of β-endorphin-immunoreactivity in limbic brain structures of rats self-administering heroin or cocaine

1988 • 32 citations

Ethanol and current thresholds for brain self-stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus of the rat

1987 • 32 citations

Heroin self-administration: Effects of antagonist treatment in lateral hypothalamus

1987 • 31 citations

Drug-induced place preference in rats with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens

1988 • 31 citations

Blockade of morphine-induced place preference by diazepam in mice

1995 • 31 citations

Ethanol oral self-administration and rewarding brain stimulation

1989 • 31 citations

Effect of substance P on medial forebrain bundle self-stimulation in rats following intracerebral administration

1977 • 31 citations

Chronic naltrexone supersensitizes the reinforcing and locomotor-activating effects of morphine

1987 • 31 citations

Lack of sensitization or tolerance to the facilitating effect of ventral tegmental area morphine on lateral hypothalamic brain stimulation reward

1993 • 30 citations

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to δ opioid receptors attenuates morphine dependence in mice

1997 • 30 citations

Involvement of β-endorphin and μ-opioid receptors in mediating the aversive effect of lithium in the rat

1988 • 30 citations

Effects of morphine and naloxone on thresholds of ventral tegmental electrical self-stimulation

1985 • 30 citations

Effects and interactions of naloxone and amphetamine on self-stimulation of the prefrontal cortex and dorsal tegmentum

1982 • 30 citations

Social influences on morphine conditioned place preference

1997 • 30 citations

The anti-craving drug acamprosate inhibits the conditioned place aversion induced by naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in rats

1998 • 30 citations

Serotonergic Receptors Modify the Voluntary Intake of Alcohol and Morphine But Not of Cocaine and Nicotine by Rats

1997 • 29 citations

Opiate antagonists and self-stimulation: extinction-like response patterns suggest selective reward deficit

1989 • 29 citations

Involvement of δ- and μ-opioid receptors in the potentiation of brain-stimulation reward

1996 • 29 citations

Effects of body weight reduction and food deprivation on cocaine self-administration

1983 • 29 citations

Blockade by naloxone of cocaine-induced hyperactivity, reverse tolerance and conditioned place preference in mice

1997 • 29 citations

Effect of CCK receptor antagonists on the antinociceptive, reinforcing and gut motility properties of morphine

1996 • 29 citations

Naloxone blocks conditioned place preference induced by substance P and [pGlu6]-SP(6–11)

1991 • 29 citations

Increasing the work requirements lowers the threshold of naloxone for reducing self-stimulation in the midbrain of rats

1983 • 28 citations

The effect of naloxone on intragastric ethanol self-administration

1983 • 27 citations

Using antagonists to assess neurochemical coding of a drug's ability to establish a conditioned place preference

1990 • 27 citations

Genetic models in the study of alcoholism and substance abuse mechanisms

1993 • 27 citations

Influence of ethanol dependence on regional brain content of β-endorphin in the mouse

1986 • 27 citations

Effect of unit dose and route of administration on self-administration of morphine

1976 • 27 citations

Tolerance of the facilitatory effect of morphine on self-stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in rats.

1974 • 27 citations

Effects of methadone and morphine maintenance on drug-seeking behavior in the dog

1977 • 26 citations

The effects of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists on the rewarding effects of δ1 and δ2 opioid receptor agonists in mice

1996 • 26 citations

Effects of calcium channel antagonists on the reinforcing properties of morphine, ethanol and cocaine as measured by place conditioning.

1996 • 26 citations

Recent developments in alcoholism:opioid peptides.

1993 • 26 citations

Chronic administration of morphine decreases level of dynorphin a in the rat nucleus accumbens

1993 • 26 citations

Intracerebroventricular morphine enhances alcohol consumption by rats

1990 • 26 citations

Antagonism of footshock stress-induced inhibition of intracranial self-stimulation by naloxone or methamphetamine

1986 • 26 citations

Self-injection of diazepam in naive rats: Effects of dose, schedule and blockade of different receptors

1984 • 26 citations

Schedule-induced oral self administration of etonitazene

1976 • 26 citations

Activity of presumed dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area during heroin self-administration

1997 • 25 citations

Methadone produces conditioned place preference in the rat

1996 • 25 citations

Modification of place preference conditioning in mice by systemically administered [Leu]enkephalin

1986 • 25 citations

Comparative Studies of Barbiturate Self-Administration

1968 • 25 citations

Clonidine antagonizes the aversive effects of opiate withdrawal and the rewarding effects of morphine only in opiate withdrawn rats.

1996 • 25 citations

Smoked heroin self-administration in rhesus monkeys

1996 • 25 citations

Differential effects of morphine andd-amphetamine on self-stimulation from closely adjacent regions in rat midbrain

1977 • 25 citations

Effects of Naloxone on Limited‐Access Ethanol Drinking in Rats

1996 • 25 citations

Blockade of the 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced changes in neurotensin and dynorphin A systems

1991 • 25 citations

Buprenorphine-induced alterations of cocaine's reinforcing effects in rhesus monkey: a dose-response analysis

1995 • 25 citations

Mu- and delta-opioid receptors inhibitorily linked to dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in rat striatum display a selectivity profile toward endogenous opioid peptides different from that of presynaptic mu, delta and kappa receptors.

1993 • 25 citations

Neuropharmacological and electrophysiological evidence implicating the mesolimbic dopamine system in feeding responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle

1982 • 25 citations

Analgesic and reinforcing effects of morphine in mice. Influence of Bay K-8644 and nimodipine

1994 • 24 citations

Chronic administration of ethanol on pituitary and hypothalamic β-endorphin in rats and golden hamsters

1982 • 24 citations

Food deprivation reveals strain differences in opiate intake of Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats

1986 • 24 citations

Self-stimulation and alcohol administered orally or intraperitoneally

1983 • 24 citations

Dopaminergic and cholinergic influences on morphine self-administration in rats.

1975 • 24 citations

Mu- and delta-opioid receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by released endogenous dopamine in rat neostriatal slices; demonstration of potent delta-agonist activity of bremazocine.

1989 • 24 citations

Dose- and time-dependent effects of narcotic analgesics on intracranial self-stimulation in the rat

1977 • 23 citations

Isradipine is able to separate morphine-induced analgesia and place conditioning

1992 • 23 citations

An analysis of the effects of amphetamine on brain self-stimulation behavior

1988 • 23 citations

Some factors controlling oral morphine intake in rats

1971 • 23 citations

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to δ opioid receptors blocks cocaine-induced place preference in mice

1997 • 23 citations

Selected opioids modify intake of sweetened ethanol solution among female rats

1987 • 23 citations

Reduction of voluntary morphine consumption following treatment with zimelidine.

1980 • 23 citations

Opiate self-administration in adult offspring of methadone-treated female rats

1985 • 23 citations

Self-administration of nalbuphine, butorphanol and pentazocine by morphine post-addict rats

1982 • 23 citations

Different effects of zimelidine on the reinforcing properties of d-amphetamine and morphine on conditioned place preference in rats

1986 • 23 citations

Decreased morphine intake by opiate addicted rats administered zimelidine, a 5-HT uptake inhibitor

1983 • 23 citations

Met-enkephalin alteration in the rat during chronic injection of morphine and/or midazolam

1997 • 23 citations

Dopamine D1 antagonist SCH23390 attenuates self-administration of both cocaine and fentanyl in rats

1997 • 23 citations

Modulation of the Stimulus Effects of Morphine by d-Amphetamine

1998 • 22 citations

Role of δ-opioid receptors in mediating the aversive stimulus effects of morphine withdrawal in the rat

1996 • 22 citations

Effects of the neuropeptide DG-AVP on morphine and food self-administration by dependent rhesus monkey

1979 • 22 citations

Opiate modification of intracranial self-stimulation in the rat

1979 • 22 citations

Conditioned place preference: no tolerance to the rewarding properties of morphine

1997 • 22 citations

Effects of morphine on intracranial self-stimulation to various brain stem loci

1979 • 22 citations

DAMGO and DPDPE facilitation of brain stimulation reward thresholds is blocked by the dopamine antagonist cis-flupenthixol

1997 • 22 citations

Opioid receptor antagonists discriminate between presynaptic mu and delta receptors and the adenylate cyclase-coupled opioid receptor complex in the brain.

1992 • 21 citations

Triazolam attenuates amphetamine but not morphine conditioned place preferences

1989 • 21 citations

Opioid antinociception and positive reinforcement are mediated by different types of opioid receptors

1983 • 21 citations

Dynorphin A [1–17] induces “reward” in rats in the place conditioning paradigm

1988 • 21 citations

The combined effects of morphine and d-amphetamine on the threshold for brain stimulation reward

1987 • 21 citations

Effects of 6-OHDA lesions in the nucleus accumbens on the acquisition of self injection of heroin under schedule and non schedule conditions in rats

1984 • 21 citations

Preliminary findings with the indirect 5-HT agonist dexfenfluramine on heroin discrimination and self-administration in rats

1993 • 20 citations

Dose-dependent effects of morphine differentiate self-administration elicited from lateral hypothalamus and mesencephalic central gray area in mice

1990 • 20 citations

Sensitization to the rewarding effects of the specific dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR12783.

1998 • 20 citations

Differential regulation of brain opioid receptors following repeated cocaine administration to guinea pigs

1993 • 20 citations

Effects of opioid antagonists and their quaternary derivatives on locomotor activity and fixed ratio responding for brain self-stimulation in rats

1985 • 20 citations

Training Dose and Session Time as Contextual Determinants of Heroin Self-Administration in Rats

1998 • 20 citations

Central cholinergic influence on self-administration of morphine and amphetamine

1975 • 20 citations

The suppression of ethanol self injection by buprenorphine

1983 • 20 citations

Differential effects of heroin on opioid levels in the rat brain

1987 • 20 citations

Changes in prodynorphin peptide content following treatment with morphine or amphetamine: possible role in mechanisms of action of drug of abuse.

1989 • 19 citations

Motivational properties of buprenorphine as assessed by place and taste conditioning in rats

1997 • 19 citations

Catecholamines and endogeneous opioids in ventral tegmental self-stimulation reward

1988 • 19 citations

The effect of amfonelic acid or nisoxetine in combination with morphine on brain-stimulation reward

1989 • 19 citations

Opioid antagonist effects of dezocine in opioid-dependent humans*

1996 • 19 citations

The effect of drugs interacting with serotonergic 5HT3 and 5HT4 receptors on morphine place conditioning.

1993 • 19 citations

Long-term changes in self-stimulation threshold by repeated morphine and naloxone treatment

1985 • 18 citations

Blockade of the reward-potentiating effects of nicotine on lateral hypothalamic brain stimulation by chlorisondamine

1998 • 18 citations

Behavioral characterization of opioid mixed agonist-antagonists

1987 • 18 citations

Addictive agents and intracranial stimulation: Morphine and thresholds for positive intracranial reinforcement

1977 • 18 citations

Facilitation of self-stimulation of ventral tegmentum by microinjection of opioid receptor subtype agonists

1994 • 18 citations

Adrenalectomy potentiates the morphinebut not cocaine-induced place preference in rats

1995 • 18 citations

Intraventricular self-administration of leucine-enkephalin by laboratory rats

1982 • 17 citations

Influence of chronic lithium treatment upon the motivational effects of opioids: alteration in the effects of mu- but not kappa-opioid receptor ligands.

1991 • 17 citations

Evaluation of the discriminative stimulus and reinforcing effects of dihydroetorphine

1997 • 17 citations

Site of rewarding action of morphine in the mesolimbic system determined by intracranial electrical self-stimulation

1985 • 17 citations

Effects of desglycinamide9, (Arg8) vasopressin and vasopressin antiserum on the acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration in the rat

1988 • 17 citations

Intraventricular self-administration of heroin in the rat: reward seems dissociated from analgesia and physical dependence

1989 • 17 citations

Ventral tegmental self‐stimulation selectively induces opioid peptide release in rat CNS

1993 • 17 citations

Nondependent monkeys self-administer hydromorphone.

1985 • 17 citations

Potent reinforcing effects of dihydroetorphine in rats

1997 • 16 citations

DESGLYCINAMIDE <sup>9</sup> -ARGININE <sup>8</sup> -VASOPRESSIN AND AMBULANT METHADONE-DETOXIFICATION OF HEROIN ADDICTS

1983 • 16 citations

Suppression of voluntary ingestion of morphine by inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.

1978 • 16 citations

Self-administration of ketocyclazocine and ethylketocyclazocine by the rat

1983 • 16 citations

Gonadal steroid and chronic morphine treatment do not change the posttranslational processing of β-endorphin in the rat brain

1989 • 16 citations

Neurohypophysial hormones and addiction

1980 • 16 citations

Morphine and Intracranial Self-Stimulation in the Hypothalamus and Dorsal Brainstem: Differential Effects of Dose, Time and Site

1979 • 16 citations

Oral intake of morphine in selectively bred rats

1977 • 16 citations

d-ala2-methionine-enkephalinamide self-administration in the morphine-dependent rat

1980 • 16 citations

ENDOCRINE PROFILE DURING ACQUISITION OF FREE-CHOICE ALCOHOL DRINKING IN RHESUS MONKEYS; TREATMENT WITH DESGLYCINAMIDE-(ARG<sup>8</sup>)-VASOPRESSIN

1992 • 15 citations

Low-dose apomorphine attenuates morphine-induced enhancement of brain stimulation reward

1996 • 15 citations

Pharmacological regulation of striatal prodynorphin peptides.

1990 • 15 citations

Discriminative stimulus effects of buprenorphine in the rat

1997 • 15 citations

Cholecystokinin modulates the aversive component of morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats

1998 • 15 citations

Differential effect of naloxone on food and self-stimulation rewarded acquisition of a behavioral response pattern

1985 • 15 citations

Effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens in rats responding on a concurrent schedule of food, water and intravenous morphine self-administration.

1988 • 15 citations

pharmacologic and reinforcing properties of phencyclidine and the enantiomers of N-allylnormetazocine in the dog

1986 • 14 citations

The antinociceptive and motivational effects of intranigral injection of opioid agonists

1993 • 14 citations

Opioid peptides and self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat

1984 • 14 citations

Modulation of the in vivo actions of morphine by the mixed receptor antagonist PD 142898

1996 • 14 citations

Effect of dopaminergic agents on levels of dynorphin1–8 in rat striatum

1984 • 14 citations

Antipsychotic substances and dopamine in the rat brain; behavioral studies reveal distinct dopamine receptor systems

1989 • 14 citations

Conditioned taste preference and response rate as measures of brain-stimulation reward: A comparison

1980 • 13 citations

Effect of Chronic Morphine on Plasma and Brain Beta Endorphin and Methionine Enkephalin in Pregnant Rats and in Their Fetuses or Newborn

1988 • 13 citations

D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide impairs the acquisition of ethanol preference without influencing sucrose preference

1990 • 13 citations

Chronic naltrexone treatment increases the heroin-produced facilitation of self-stimulation

1985 • 13 citations

A within-subject comparison of the effects of morphine on lateral hypothalamic and central gray self-stimulation

1981 • 12 citations

Des-Gly9-[Arg8]-vasopressin may facilitate methadone detoxification of heroin addicts.

1983 • 12 citations

Chronic morphine fails to enhance the reward value of prefrontal cortex self-stimulation

1992 • 12 citations

Intracerebroventricular drug administration in pigeons

1985 • 12 citations

The influence of neuropeptides related to pro-opiomelanocortin on acquisition of heroin self-administration of rats

1983 • 11 citations

Naloxone suppression of self-stimulation is independent of response difficulty

1989 • 11 citations

β-Endorphin administration interferes with the acquisition and initial maintenance of ethanol preference in the rat

1989 • 11 citations

Levodopa but not bromocriptine induces AP-1 and CREB DNA-binding activity in the dopamine-depleted striatum of the rat

1996 • 11 citations

Transgenic superoxide dismutase mice

1996 • 11 citations

Pituitary-adrenal axis and oral morphine consumption in rats

1978 • 11 citations

Cocaine-induced changes in 3H-naloxone binding in brain membranes isolated from spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats

1988 • 11 citations

Effects of opiate antagonists and their quaternary analogues on nucleus accumbens self-stimulation

1989 • 10 citations

Effects of Opioids

1985 • 10 citations

Alcohol and central nervous system peptides.

1983 • 10 citations

Behavioral effects of the β-endorphin fragment 2–9

1982 • 10 citations

Inhibition of enkephalin metabolism and activation of mu- or delta-opioid receptors elicit opposite effects on reward and motility in the ventral mesencephalon

1992 • 10 citations

Self-Administration of Morphine in the Cat

1980 • 10 citations

Preference for self-administration of a low dose of morphine into the ventral tegmental area rather than into the amygdala in mice

1996 • 10 citations

Cocaine-induced changes in gene expression in rat brain.

1990 • 10 citations

Comparison of responses by neuropeptide systems in rat to the psychotropic drugs, methamphetamine, cocaine and PCP.

1989 • 9 citations

Sites of Action

1971 • 9 citations

Identification of a novel class of central reward sites showing a delayed and cumulative response to opiate blockade

1981 • 9 citations

A simple methodology for opiate self-administration and electrical brain stimulation in the mouse

1982 • 8 citations

Administration of leu-enkephalin impairs the acquisition of preference for ethanol

1990 • 8 citations

Low doses of morphine reduce voluntary alcohol consumption in rhesus monkeys

1992 • 7 citations

Reviews and comments on alcohol research

1987 • 7 citations

Effects of continuous naloxone administration on ventral tegmental self-stimulation

1991 • 6 citations

Brain site variations in effects of morphine on electrical self-stimulation

1981 • 6 citations

An opiate chronic treatment affects prodynorphingene expression

1989 • 6 citations

Naloxone and diprenorphine reduce responding for brain self-stimulation in a fixed-ratio schedule in rats

1988 • 6 citations

Effect of amphetamine on brain catecholamines, brain beta-endorphin, serum prolactin, catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase of various organs in the rat.

1985 • 5 citations

Comparison of μ opioid receptors in brains of rats bred for high or low rate of self-stimulation

1992 • 5 citations

Modification of morphine-induced place preference by diabetes

1997 • 4 citations

Morphine and diprenorphine together potentiate responding for positively reinforcing brain stimulation

1987 • 4 citations

Facilitation of self-stimulation in rats by methadone

1980 • 4 citations

Inhibitors of Ca2+-dependent endopeptidases modulate morphine-induced effects in rats

1996 • 3 citations

The effects of ethanol treatment on endogenous opioid peptides level and analgesia in monoarthritic rats.

1990 • 3 citations

Effects of parenteral morphine and oral methadone on self-stimulation in the rat

1982 • 2 citations

Effect of isradipine, a dihydropyridine-calcium antagonist on I.V. self-administration of morphine in rats

1996 • 2 citations

SCHEDULE INDUCED SELF INJECTION OF HEROIN: DOSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS

1981 • 1 citations