Endogenous opioids and excessive alcohol consumption.

Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats.

1988 • 4,617 citations

Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity

1975 • 3,780 citations

Naltrexone in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence

1992 • 1,875 citations

Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for bovine corticotropin-β-lipotropin precursor

1979 • 1,758 citations

Endogenous Opioids: Biology and Function

1984 • 1,223 citations

Opposing tonically active endogenous opioid systems modulate the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway.

1992 • 1,001 citations

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for porcine β-neo-endorphin/dynorphin precursor

1982 • 777 citations

Alcohol, Amines, and Alkaloids: A Possible Biochemical Basis for Alcohol Addiction

1970 • 558 citations

Distribution of dynorphin and enkephalin peptides in the rat brain

1986 • 519 citations

Alteration of ethanol self-administration by naltrexone

1980 • 402 citations

Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin B gene

1983 • 351 citations

Dynorphin immunocytochemistry in the rat central nervous system

1982 • 318 citations

Naloxone attenuates voluntary ethanol intake in rats selectively bred for high ethanol preference

1990 • 303 citations

Acute and chronic ethanol treatment changes endorphin levels in brain and pituitary

1980 • 267 citations

Importance of delta opioid receptors in maintaining high alcohol drinking

1991 • 220 citations

Enkephalin‐like immunoreactivity in nerve terminals in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla and in adrenal medullary gland cells

1978 • 220 citations

Consumption of ethanol solution is potentiated by morphine and attenuated by naloxone persistently across repeated daily administrations

1986 • 220 citations

Morphine and naloxone modulate intake of ethanol

1984 • 209 citations

Action of drugs of abuse on brain reward systems: An update with specific attention to opiates

1982 • 194 citations

Alcohol Drinking: Abnormal Intake Caused by Tetrahydropapaveroline in Brain

1977 • 183 citations

Effect of naltrexone on alcohol consumption during chronic alcohol drinking and after a period of imposed abstinence in free-choice drinking rhesus monkeys

1991 • 170 citations

Central Deficiency of β-Endorphin in Alcohol Addicts*

1982 • 168 citations

Biosynthesis of beta-endorphin from beta-lipotropin and a larger molecular weight precursor in rat pars intermedia.

1978 • 157 citations

Different pituitary ß-endorphin and adrenal cortisol response to ethanol in individuals with high and low risk for future development of alcoholism

1989 • 155 citations

The AA and ANA rat lines, selected for differences in voluntary alcohol consumption

1989 • 153 citations

Multiple Opiate Receptors: Alcohol Selectively Inhibits Binding to Delta Receptors

1981 • 150 citations

Opiate binding properties of naturally occurring N- and C-Terminus modified beta-endorphins

1981 • 148 citations

Differential effects of acute and chronic ethanol treatment on particular opioid peptide systems in discrete regions of rat brain and pituitary

1983 • 146 citations

Characterization of the effects of acute ethanol administration on the release of β-endorphin peptides by the rat hypothalamus

1990 • 144 citations

Psychopathology in Adopted-out Children of Alcoholics The Stockholm Adoption Study

1985 • 143 citations

Influence of N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal proteolysis on the analgesic activity of β-endorphin

1980 • 142 citations

Comparative Psychophysiological Studies of Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Subjects Undergoing Experimentally Induced Ethanol Intoxication

1966 • 138 citations

The alcohol-preferring C57BL/6 mice present an enhanced sensitivity of the hypothalamic beta-endorphin system to ethanol than the alcohol-avoiding DBA/2 mice.

1992 • 130 citations

Distribution of β-endorphin-related peptides in rat pituitary and brain

1982 • 122 citations

Alcohol interactions with brain opiate receptors

1983 • 121 citations

The distribution and morphology of opioid peptide immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral cortex of rats

1984 • 120 citations

Ethanol Exposure Decreases Pituitary Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Binding, Adenylate Cyclase Activity, Proopiomelanocortin Biosynthesis, and Plasmaβ-Endorphin Levels in the Rat

1986 • 110 citations

Biosynthesis of precursor corticotropin/endorphin-, corticotropin-, alpha-melanotropin-, beta-lipotropin-, and beta-endorphin-like material by cultured neonatal rat hypothalamic neurons.

1980 • 109 citations

Differences in the Brain and Pituitary β‐Endorphin System between the Alcohol‐Preferring AA and Alcohol‐Avoiding ANA Rats

1992 • 107 citations

Electroencephalographic activity and plasma ACTH during ethanol-induced euphoria

1988 • 97 citations

Both ν and δ Opiate Receptors Exist on the Same Neuron

1981 • 96 citations

Alterations in opiate receptor function after chronic ethanol exposure.

1982 • 92 citations

Effect of acute ethanol in vivo and in vitro on the β-endorphin system in the rat

1987 • 78 citations

Characterization of the forms of β-endorphin and α-MSH in the caudal medulla of the rat and guinea pig

1986 • 75 citations

Endogenous Opioids Are Involved in the Genetically Determined High Preference for Ethanol Consumption

1991 • 73 citations

Reduced Leucine-Enkephalin—Like Immunoreactive Substance in Hamster Basal Ganglia After Long-Term Ethanol Exposure

1982 • 72 citations

Immunocytochemical localization of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides in the adult rat spinal cord

1986 • 72 citations

Effects of Ethanol on CRF Releasein Vitro*

1988 • 72 citations

The Proenkephalin Gene Is Widely Expressed within the Male and Female Reproductive Systems of the Rat and Hamster*

1986 • 65 citations

RODENT MODELS OF ALCOHOLISM: A REVIEW

1989 • 64 citations

Inbred strains of mice with variable sensitivity to ethanol exhibit differences in the content and processing of β-endorphin

1986 • 62 citations

Hormonal Tolerance to Ethanol is Associated with Decreased Expression of the GTP‐Binding Protein, G_sα, and Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in Ethanol‐Treated LS Mice

1991 • 62 citations

Effects of Chronic Ethanol Treatment on the In Vitro Biosynthesis of Pro‐Opiomelanocortin and ItsPosttranslational Processing to (β‐Endorphin in theIntermediate Lobe of the Rat Pituitary

1984 • 61 citations

Endogenous opiates: 1989

1990 • 57 citations

Long term ethanol alters the binding of 3H-opiates to brain membranes

1983 • 55 citations

Enhanced activity of the beta-endorphinergic system in the anterior and neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary after chronic treatment with ethanol liquid diet.

1984 • 53 citations

Chronic ethanol alters the receptor binding characteristics of the delta opioid receptor ligand, DAla2DLeu5 enkephalin in mouse brain

1983 • 52 citations

Proopiomelanocortin Messenger RNA is Decreased in the Mediobasal Hypothalamus of Rats Made Dependent on Ethanol

1992 • 52 citations

Direct effect of ethanol on adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) release in vitro.

1986 • 52 citations

Selective effects of ethanol on opiate receptor subtypes in brain

1987 • 45 citations

Alcohol and the Opiate Receptor

1983 • 42 citations

Effects of Ethanol Treatment and Withdrawal on Biosynthesis and Processing of Proopiomelanocortin by the Rat Neurointermediate Lobe*

1988 • 40 citations

Opioid peptides and alcoholism: genetic deficiency and chemical management.

1986 • 40 citations

Effects of Ethanol, Temperature, and Endogenous Regulatory Factors on the Characteristics of Striatal Opiate Receptors

1984 • 36 citations

Ethanol Alters Kinetic Characteristics and Function of Striatal Morphine Receptors

1981 • 30 citations

Beta-endorphin-(1–27) antagonizes beta-endorphin-induced hypothermia in mice

1987 • 28 citations

Influence of ethanol dependence on regional brain content of β-endorphin in the mouse

1986 • 27 citations

Characterization of the selective inhibition of the delta subclass of opioid binding sites by alcohols.

1984 • 25 citations

Genetic approaches to alcoholism

1986 • 19 citations

EFFECT OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO ETHANOL ON ADULT ETHANOL PREFERENCE AND RESPONSE TO ZIMELIDINE IN RATS

1986 • 12 citations