Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system1 1This review is based on the licentiate thesis “Thioredoxin reductase—interactions with the redox active compounds 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and lipoic acid” by Jonas Nordberg, 2001, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, ISBN 91-631-1064-4.
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References (313)
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1990 • 283 citations
Identification of a specific sperm nuclei selenoenzyme necessary for protamine thiol cross‐linking during sperm maturation
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1990 • 268 citations
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Myeloperoxidase
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Caspases as key executors of methyl selenium-induced apoptosis (anoikis) of DU-145 prostate cancer cells.
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Adult T cell leukemia-derived factor/human thioredoxin protects endothelial F-2 cell injury caused by activated neutrophils or hydrogen peroxide
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Dendritic cells differently respond to haptens and irritants by their production of cytokines and expression of co‐stimulatory molecules
1997 • 252 citations
The Thioredoxin System of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
2000 • 246 citations
Mitochondrial changes associated with glutathione deficiency
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1992 • 244 citations
Cell signaling by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in atherosclerosis
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Isoforms of mammalian peroxiredoxin that reduce peroxides in presence of thioredoxin
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Mechanisms of Reperfusion Injury
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Regulation of HIV‐1 gene expression
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Haem‐Dependent Activation of Guanylate Cyclase and Cyclic GMP Formation by Endogenous Nitric Oxide: A Unique Transduction Mechanism for Transcellular Signaling
1990 • 230 citations
Methylarsenicals and Arsinothiols Are Potent Inhibitors of Mouse Liver Thioredoxin Reductase
1999 • 230 citations
The mechanism of thioredoxin reductase from human placenta is similar to the mechanisms of lipoamide dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase and is distinct from the mechanism of thioredoxin reductase from Escherichia coli
1997 • 227 citations
Thioredoxin Reductase Activity Is Decreased by Selenium Deficiency
1997 • 220 citations
Glutathione conjugation as a bioactivation reaction
2000 • 216 citations
Targeted Deletion of the Cytosolic Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Gene (<i>Sod1</i>) Increases Susceptibility to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
1999 • 212 citations
The participation of coenzyme Q in free radical production and antioxidation
1990 • 210 citations
Elevation of plasma thioredoxin levels in HIV-infected individuals
1996 • 209 citations
Escherichia coli thioredoxin stabilizes complexes of bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase and primed templates.
1987 • 207 citations
Selenodiglutathione is a highly efficient oxidant of reduced thioredoxin and a substrate for mammalian thioredoxin reductase.
1992 • 206 citations
Is ascorbic acid an antioxidant for the plasma membrane?
1999 • 203 citations
Current Protocols in Toxicology
2001 • 202 citations
Thioredoxin nuclear translocation and interaction with redox factor-1 activates the activator protein-1 transcription factor in response to ionizing radiation.
2000 • 200 citations
Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase Is Irreversibly Inhibited by Dinitrohalobenzenes by Alkylation of Both the Redox Active Selenocysteine and Its Neighboring Cysteine Residue
1998 • 199 citations
Efficient Reduction of Lipoamide and Lipoic Acid by Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase
1996 • 195 citations
Reduction of the Ascorbyl Free Radical to Ascorbate by Thioredoxin Reductase
1998 • 186 citations
1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene Is an Irreversible Inhibitor of Human Thioredoxin Reductase
1995 • 185 citations
Structural and Functional Changes in Proteins Induced by Free Radical‐mediated Oxidative Stress and Protective Action of the Antioxidants N‐tert‐Butyl‐α‐phenylnitrone and Vitamin Ea
1998 • 185 citations
Nitric Oxide Reaction with Lipid Peroxyl Radicals Spares α-Tocopherol during Lipid Peroxidation
2000 • 179 citations
Mitochondria in organismal aging and degeneration
1999 • 178 citations
Analysis of the inhibition of mammalian thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and glutaredoxin by cis -diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and its major metabolite, the glutathione-platinum complex
2001 • 176 citations
Radiation induction of immediate early genes: Effectors of the radiation-stress response
1994 • 174 citations
Repression of gene expression by oxidative stress
1999 • 169 citations
Mouse Peroxiredoxin V Is a Thioredoxin Peroxidase That Inhibits p53-Induced Apoptosis
2000 • 168 citations
Preferential role for NF-kappa B/Rel signaling in the type 1 but not type 2 T cell-dependent immune response in vivo.
1999 • 167 citations
Inducible NO synthase: role in cellular signalling
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Thioredoxin as a potent costimulus of cytokine expression.
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Thiol–disulfide exchange is involved in the catalytic mechanism of peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase
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Thioredoxin and related proteins in procaryotes
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2001 • 160 citations
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1999 • 156 citations
The Mitochondrial Thioredoxin System
2000 • 155 citations
Characterization of Sptrx, a Novel Member of the Thioredoxin Family Specifically Expressed in Human Spermatozoa
2001 • 153 citations
Human Keratinocytes Constitutively Express Interleukin-18 and Secrete Biologically Active Interleukin-18 After Treatment with Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Dinitrochlorobenzene
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Selenium and the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems.
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Effect of oxidative DNA damage in promoter elements on transcription factor binding
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Chronic elevation of plasma thioredoxin: Inhibition of chemotaxis and curtailment of life expectancy in AIDS
2001 • 146 citations
α-Lipoic acid reduction by mammalian cells to the dithiol form, and release into the culture medium
1994 • 146 citations
Preferential Role for NF-κB/Rel Signaling in the Type 1 But Not Type 2 T Cell-Dependent Immune Response In Vivo
1999 • 146 citations
A Novel Promoter Sequence Is Involved in the Oxidative Stress-Induced Expression of the Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Derived Factor (ADF)/Human Thioredoxin (Trx) Gene
1996 • 145 citations
Expression and growth-promoting effect of adult t-cell leukemia-derived factor a human thioredoxin homologue in hepatocellular carcinoma
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Elevation of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Expression by Thioredoxin
1997 • 143 citations
The protein disulphide-isomerase family: unravelling a string of folds
1999 • 142 citations
The predicted amino acid sequence of human thioredoxin is identical to that of the autocrine growth factor human adult T-cell derived factor (ADF): Thioredoxin mRNA is elevated in some human tumors
1994 • 141 citations
Purification of Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Reductase and Its Involvement in the Redox Regulation of Membrane Permeability
1998 • 140 citations
Reaction of the desulfoferrodoxin from Desulfoarculus baarsii with superoxide anion. Evidence for a superoxide reductase activity
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Oxidized LDL and Atherogenesisa
1999 • 136 citations
Measurement of Thioredoxin and Thioredoxin Reductase
2004 • 136 citations
From Cytoprotection to Tumor Suppression: The Multifactorial Role of Peroxiredoxins
1999 • 135 citations
Human Neutrophil Antimicrobial Activity
1988 • 133 citations
Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Systems for NADH- and NADPH-dependent Reduction of α-Lipoic Acid
1997 • 129 citations
NK-lysin, a Disulfide-containing Effector Peptide of T-lymphocytes, Is Reduced and Inactivated by Human Thioredoxin Reductase
1996 • 127 citations
Reaction of the Desulfoferrodoxin from Desulfoarculus baarsii with Superoxide Anion
2000 • 125 citations
Possible involvement of thioredoxin reductase as well as thioredoxin in cellular sensitivity to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)
1999 • 122 citations
Involvement of Thioredoxin in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Its Costimulatory Roles in the TNF-α-Induced Production of IL-6 and IL-8 from Cultured Synovial Fibroblasts
1999 • 122 citations
Ascorbate function and metabolism in the human erythrocyte
1998 • 120 citations
Knowing when not to stop: selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes
1996 • 119 citations
The mechanism of action of the nitrosourea anti-tumor drugs on thioredoxin reductase, glutathione reductase and ribonucleotide reductase
1990 • 119 citations
Role of thioredoxin reductase in the Yap1p‐dependent response to oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2001 • 118 citations
Secretion of thioredoxin after in vitro activation of human B cells.
1992 • 116 citations
Induction of ADF/TRX by oxidative stress in keratinocytes and lymphoid cells
1995 • 115 citations
Truncated Thioredoxin Is a Mitogenic Cytokine for Resting Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Is Present in Human Plasma
2000 • 113 citations
Modulation of the activity of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells by chemical haptens, a metal allergen, and a staphylococcal superantigen
1999 • 113 citations
Alteration of endogenous glutathione peroxidase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and glutathione transferase activity in cells transfected with a copper-zinc superoxide dismutase expression vector. Explanation for variations in paraquat resistance.
1990 • 112 citations
Activation of the AP-1 transcription factor by inflammatory cytokines of the TNF family.
1999 • 107 citations
A CD4+ T cell line-secreted factor, growth promoting for normal and leukemic B cells, identified as thioredoxin
1995 • 105 citations
ADF, A Growth-Promoting Factor Derived from Adult T Cell Leukemia and Homologous to Thioredoxin: Involvement in Lymphocyte Immortalization by HTLV-I and EBV
1991 • 104 citations
Induction and nuclear translocation of thioredoxin by oxidative damage in the mouse kidney: independence of tubular necrosis and sulfhydryl depletion.
1997 • 103 citations
Heterogeneity within Animal Thioredoxin Reductases
2001 • 101 citations
Superoxide: a two-edged sword
1997 • 97 citations
Glutathione Reductase and Lipoamide Dehydrogenase Have Opposite Stereospecificities for α-Lipoic Acid Enantiomers
1995 • 93 citations
Enzyme-Dependent Ascorbate Recycling in Human Erythrocytes: Role of Thioredoxin Reductase
1998 • 91 citations
Simple chemicals can induce maturation and apoptosis of dendritic cells
1999 • 90 citations
The Core Promoter of Human Thioredoxin Reductase 1
2001 • 90 citations
High rates of thioredoxin secretion correlate with growth arrest in hepatoma cells.
1995 • 89 citations
The NADPH‐Dependent Oxidase of Phagocytes
1999 • 89 citations
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene mutations
2000 • 89 citations
Dissecting G Protein-coupled Receptor Signaling Pathways with Membrane-permeable Blocking Peptides
2000 • 88 citations
Enzymatic reduction of alloxan by thioredoxin and NADPH-thioredoxin reductase.
1980 • 88 citations
Classification of Chemical Allergens According to Cytokine Secretion Profiles of Murine Lymph Node Cells
1997 • 87 citations
Induction of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase gene expression in lungs of newborn primates by oxygen
1999 • 86 citations
Nitric oxide-induced inhibition of lung endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase via interaction with allosteric thiols: role of thioredoxin in regulation of catalytic activity.
1996 • 84 citations
Effect of methylated forms of selenium on cell viability and the induction of DNA strand breakage
1992 • 82 citations
Thioredoxin Reductase Mediates Cell Death Effects of the Combination of Beta Interferon and Retinoic Acid
1998 • 82 citations
Two resident ER‐proteins, CaBP1 and CaBP2, with thioredoxin domains, are substrates for thioredoxin reductase: comparison with protein disulfide isomerase
1995 • 81 citations
Solution structure of Escherichia coli glutaredoxin-2 shows similarity to mammalian glutathione-S-transferases
2001 • 80 citations
Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in bovine adrenal cortex
1999 • 78 citations
Thioredoxin increases the proliferation of human B-cell lines through a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism.
1994 • 77 citations
Truncated thioredoxin (Trx80) induces production of interleukin-12 and enhances CD14 expression in human monocytes
2001 • 76 citations
Expression of Selenoproteins in Various Rat and Human Tissues and Cell Lines
1997 • 75 citations
Implications of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Enzyme Activity
2000 • 72 citations
Dinitrochlorobenzene Therapy for Alopecia Areata
1978 • 72 citations
The Chemistry and Function of Lipoic Acid
1957 • 72 citations
Cellular thioredoxin reductase activity is regulated by selenium.
1997 • 72 citations
The Caenorhabditis elegans Homologue of Thioredoxin Reductase Contains a Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS) Element That Differs from Mammalian SECIS Elements but Directs Selenocysteine Incorporation
1999 • 71 citations
AhpF Can Be Dissected into Two Functional Units: Tandem Repeats of Two Thioredoxin-like Folds in the N-Terminus Mediate Electron Transfer from the Thioredoxin Reductase-like C-Terminus to AhpC
2000 • 71 citations
Reduction of ubiquinone by lipoamide dehydrogenase
2001 • 70 citations
Reduction and transport of lipoic acid by human erythrocytes
1995 • 69 citations
Oxidative stress induces adult T cell leukemia derived factor/thioredoxin in the rat retina.
1994 • 67 citations
Aurothioglucose Inhibits Murine Thioredoxin Reductase Activity In Vivo
1999 • 67 citations
Protection Against Reperfusion-Induced Arrhythmias by Human Thioredoxin
1996 • 66 citations
CD40 function in nonhematopoietic cells. Nuclear factor kappa B mobilization and induction of IL-6 production.
1995 • 62 citations
Diminished Contact Sensitivity Response in Vitiliginous Skin
1984 • 59 citations
Water-soluble organotellurium compounds inhibit thioredoxin reductase and the growth of human cancer cells.
2000 • 57 citations
Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing. A review.
1983 • 56 citations
Enhanced expression of IL‐8 in normal human keratinocytes and human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT in vitro after stimulation with contact sensitizers., tolerogens and irritants
1994 • 55 citations
Loss of DNA-membrane interactions and cessation of DNA synthesis in myeloperoxidase-treated Escherichia coli.
1990 • 54 citations
GRP78, HSP72/73, and cJun Stress Protein Levels in Lung Epithelial Cells Exposed to Asbestos, Cadmium, or H 2 O 2
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Inhibition of cellular thioredoxin reductase by diaziquone and doxorubicin. Relationship to the inhibition of cell proliferation and decreased ribonucleotide reductase activity.
1992 • 51 citations
Possible functional impairment of Langerhans' cells in vitiliginous skin. Reduced ability to elicit dinitrochlorobenzene contact sensitivity reaction and decreased stimulatory effect in the allogeneic mixed skin cell lymphocyte culture reaction
1987 • 51 citations
Oxidative stress regulates the expression and activity of transcription factor activator protein-1 in rat conceptus.
1997 • 51 citations
Evidence for a functional relevance of the selenocysteine residue in mammalian thioredoxin reductase
1997 • 50 citations
Secretion of 10-kDa and 12-kDa Thioredoxin Species from Blood Monocytes and Transformed Leukocytes
2000 • 50 citations
The stereospecific suicide inhibition of human melanoma thioredoxin reductase by 13-cis-retinoic acid
1989 • 47 citations
Treatment of the Common Wart by Induced Allergic Inflammation
1980 • 47 citations
Human eosinophil cytotoxicity-enhancing factor. II. Multiple forms synthesized by U937 cells and their relationship to thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia-derived factor.
1991 • 46 citations
A Research Trail Over Half a Century
1995 • 45 citations
Superoxide Reductase as a Unique Defense System against Superoxide Stress in the Microaerophile Treponema pallidum
2000 • 44 citations
Thioredoxin overexpression prevents NO-induced reduction of NO synthase activity in lung endothelial cells
1998 • 43 citations
Iron release from ferritin and its sensitivity to superoxide ions differs among vertebrates
1994 • 43 citations
cDNA cloning, expression and chromosomal localization of the mouse mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase gene
1999 • 43 citations
Mechanism of Production of Toxic Oxygen Radicals by Granulocytes and Macrophages and their Function in the Inflammatory Process
1985 • 43 citations
Regulation of Interferon and Retinoic Acid-induced Cell Death Activation through Thioredoxin Reductase
2001 • 42 citations
HPLC-methods for determination of lipoic acid and its reduced form in human plasma.
1992 • 39 citations
Prominent expression of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase in the medullary rays of the rat kidney and thioredoxin reductase mRNA variants differing at the 5′ untranslated region
2000 • 38 citations
The mutual sparing effects of selenium and vitamin E in animal nutrition may be further explained by the discovery that mammalian thioredoxin reductase is a selenoenzyme.
1995 • 38 citations
Interaction of α-Lipoic acid enantiomers and homologues with the enzyme components of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
1995 • 34 citations
Vitamin C recycling and function in human monocytic U-937 cells
1999 • 33 citations
Cytokine Production by CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Mice following Primary Exposure to Chemical Allergens: Evidence for Functional Differentiation of T Lymphocytes in vivo
1998 • 33 citations
Pilot study of topical dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in human immunodeficiency virus infection
1993 • 33 citations
Antioxidants and lipoprotein metabolism
1999 • 32 citations
Signals involved in the early TH1 /TH2 polarization of an immune response depending on the type of antigen
1999 • 31 citations
Increased expression of human thioredoxin/adult T cell leukemia–derived factor in Sjögren's syndrome
1996 • 31 citations
Nitric Oxide and Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation
1998 • 30 citations
Differential induction of cutaneous TNF-$alpha; and IL-6 by topically applied chemicals
1997 • 29 citations
Superoxide production by dinitrophenyl‐ derivatized thioredoxin reductase ‐ a model for the mechanism and correlation to immunostimulation by dinitrohalobenzenes
1999 • 29 citations
Lens-Specific Regulation of the Thioredoxin-1 Gene, but Not Thioredoxin-2, upon in Vivo Photochemical Oxidative Stress in the Emory Mouse
1999 • 29 citations
Kinetic study of the reaction of vitamin C with vitamin E radicals (tocopheroxyls) in solution
1989 • 27 citations
Clinical and immunologic evaluation of HIV-infected patients treated with dinitrochlorobenzene
1994 • 27 citations
The effect of active oxygen generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase on genes and signal transduction in mouse epidermal JB6 cells
1995 • 26 citations
News and views on thioredoxin reductases
1999 • 24 citations
Biochemical responses of skin to allergenic and non-allergenic nitrohalobenzenes
1992 • 24 citations
TOPICAL IMMUNOTHERAPY IN DERMATOLOGY
1999 • 22 citations
Dendritic cells and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB): a new treatment approach to AIDS
1991 • 21 citations
Inhibition of cellular thioredoxin reductase by diaziquone and doxorubicin
1992 • 21 citations
Inhibition Of Thioredoxin Reductase (E.C. 1.6.4.5.) By Antitumor Quinones
1990 • 20 citations
Induction of Interleukin-12/p40 by Superantigens in Macrophages Is Mediated by Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB
2000 • 20 citations
The mechanisms and evaluation of chemically induced allergy
1992 • 18 citations
Dinitrochlorobenzene therapy for alopecia areata
1978 • 18 citations
Topical Immune Modulation with Dinitrochlorobenzene in HIV Disease: A Controlled Trial from Brazil
1997 • 17 citations
Trafficking of neutrophils across airway epithelium is dependent upon both thioredoxin- and pertussis toxin-sensitive signaling mechanisms
2000 • 16 citations
Prominent expression of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase in the medullary rays of the rat kidney and thioredoxin reductase mRNA variants differing at the 5′ untranslated region
2000 • 14 citations
Analysis of interleukin 12 protein production and mRNA expression in mice exposed topically to chemical allergens
1999 • 13 citations
Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing. A review
1983 • 13 citations
Diminished contact sensitivity response in vitiliginous skin
1984 • 7 citations
Epidermal Cytokine mRNA Expression Induced by Hapten Differs from that Induced by Primary Irritant in Human Skin Organ Culture System
1998 • 5 citations
Deleted Work
1955 • 0 citations
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