TGF-β signaling by Smad proteins

TGF-β SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

1998 • 7,582 citations

TGF-β signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins

1997 • 3,650 citations

Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease

1992 • 2,969 citations

DPC4 , A Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene at Human Chromosome 18q21.1

1996 • 2,320 citations

Phosphorylated CREB binds specifically to the nuclear protein CBP

1993 • 2,039 citations

The TGF-beta superfamily: new members, new receptors, and new genetic tests of function in different organisms.

1994 • 1,950 citations

Histone acetylation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms

1998 • 1,793 citations

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 is required for mesoderm formation and patterning in the mouse.

1995 • 1,782 citations

Identification of Smad7, a TGFβ-inducible antagonist of TGF-β signalling

1997 • 1,774 citations

Direct binding of Smad3 and Smad4 to critical TGFbeta -inducible elements in the promoter of human plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1gene

1998 • 1,763 citations

The MAD-Related Protein Smad7 Associates with the TGFβ Receptor and Functions as an Antagonist of TGFβ Signaling

1997 • 1,328 citations

Identification of a Member of the MAPKKK Family as a Potential Mediator of TGF-β Signal Transduction

1995 • 1,318 citations

The kinase TAK1 can activate the NIK-IκB as well as the MAP kinase cascade in the IL-1 signalling pathway

1999 • 1,163 citations

Myogenic and morphogenetic defects in the heart tubes of murine embryos lacking the homeo box gene Nkx2-5.

1995 • 1,130 citations

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the adenovirus E1A-associated 300-kD protein (p300) reveals a protein with properties of a transcriptional adaptor.

1994 • 1,046 citations

Smad6 inhibits signalling by the TGF-β superfamily

1997 • 1,026 citations

TGF-beta receptor-mediated signalling through Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4

1997 • 1,023 citations

Defective haematopoiesis and vasculogenesis in transforming growth factor-β1 knock out mice

1995 • 1,020 citations

A mechanism of repression of TGFbeta / Smad signaling by oncogenic Ras

1999 • 1,004 citations

SARA, a FYVE Domain Protein that Recruits Smad2 to the TGFβ Receptor

1998 • 952 citations

Human Smad3 and Smad4 Are Sequence-Specific Transcription Activators

1998 • 916 citations

Mutations in the SMAD4/DPC4 Gene in Juvenile Polyposis

1998 • 901 citations

Targeted disruption of SMAD3 results in impaired mucosal immunity and diminished T cell responsiveness to TGF-beta

1999 • 890 citations

Opposing BMP and EGF signalling pathways converge on the TGF-β family mediator Smad1

1997 • 867 citations

MADR2 Maps to 18q21 and Encodes a TGFβ–Regulated MAD–Related Protein That Is Functionally Mutated in Colorectal Carcinoma

1996 • 855 citations

Synergistic Signaling in Fetal Brain by STAT3-Smad1 Complex Bridged by p300

1999 • 841 citations

A SMAD ubiquitin ligase targets the BMP pathway and affects embryonic pattern formation

1999 • 833 citations

Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β/SMAD signalling by the interferon-γ/STAT pathway

1999 • 800 citations

Smad3 and Smad4 cooperate with c-Jun/c-Fos to mediate TGF-β-induced transcription

1998 • 789 citations

Bmpr encodes a type I bone morphogenetic protein receptor that is essential for gastrulation during mouse embryogenesis.

1995 • 784 citations

A primary requirement for nodal in the formation and maintenance of the primitive streak in the mouse

1994 • 769 citations

MADR2 Is a Substrate of the TGFβ Receptor and Its Phosphorylation Is Required for Nuclear Accumulation and Signaling

1996 • 740 citations

Identification of type I receptors for osteogenic protein-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-4.

1994 • 737 citations

Smad6 inhibits BMP/Smad1 signaling by specifically competing with the Smad4 tumor suppressor

1998 • 714 citations

Crystal Structure of a Smad MH1 Domain Bound to DNA

1998 • 709 citations

A transcriptional partner for MAD proteins in TGF-β signalling

1996 • 699 citations

A role for bone morphogenetic proteins in the induction of cardiac myogenesis.

1997 • 687 citations

DPC4 gene in various tumor types.

1996 • 680 citations

Smad3 Mutant Mice Develop Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

1998 • 677 citations

A human Mad protein acting as a BMP-regulated transcriptional activator

1996 • 674 citations

Genetic characterization and cloning of mothers against dpp, a gene required for decapentaplegic function in Drosophila melanogaster.

1995 • 672 citations

TGF-beta induces fibronectin synthesis through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent, Smad4-independent pathway

1999 • 667 citations

Identification of human activin and TGFβ type I receptors that form heteromeric kinase complexes with type II receptors

1993 • 656 citations

TGF-β Receptor Type II Deficiency Results in Defects of Yolk Sac Hematopoiesis and Vasculogenesis

1996 • 651 citations

Evaluation of candidate tumour suppressor genes on chromosome 18 in colorectal cancers

1996 • 614 citations

Intestinal Tumorigenesis in Compound Mutant Mice of both Dpc4(Smad4) and Apc Genes

1998 • 603 citations

Smad2 role in mesoderm formation, left–right patterning and craniofacial development

1998 • 600 citations

The TGF-beta family mediator Smad1 is phosphorylated directly and activated functionally by the BMP receptor kinase.

1997 • 569 citations

Transforming growth factor beta specifically enhances IgA production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine B lymphocytes.

1989 • 567 citations

Smad4 and FAST-1 in the assembly of activin-responsive factor

1997 • 567 citations

A Smad Transcriptional Corepressor

1999 • 563 citations

Identification and Functional Characterization of a Smad Binding Element (SBE) in the JunB Promoter That Acts as a Transforming Growth Factor-β, Activin, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-inducible Enhancer

1998 • 562 citations

Characterization of Type I Receptors for Transforming Growth Factor-β and Activin

1994 • 558 citations

Signal transduction by bone morphogenetic proteins

1998 • 528 citations

The tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 and transcriptional adaptor CBP/p300 are coactivators for Smad3 in TGF-β-induced transcriptional activation

1998 • 527 citations

Drosophila Mad binds to DNA and directly mediates activation of vestigial by Decapentaplegic

1997 • 524 citations

Smad2 and Smad3 Positively and Negatively Regulate TGFβ-Dependent Transcription through the Forkhead DNA-Binding Protein FAST2

1998 • 513 citations

TGF-β-stimulated cooperation of Smad proteins with the coactivators CBP/p300

1998 • 503 citations

The tumor suppressor gene Smad4/Dpc4 is required for gastrulation and later for anterior development of the mouse embryo

1998 • 494 citations

SIP1, a Novel Zinc Finger/Homeodomain Repressor, Interacts with Smad Proteins and Binds to 5′-CACCT Sequences in Candidate Target Genes

1999 • 492 citations

TFE3: a helix-loop-helix protein that activates transcription through the immunoglobulin enhancer muE3 motif.

1990 • 484 citations

Targeted Disruption of Smad3 Reveals an Essential Role in Transforming Growth Factor β-Mediated Signal Transduction

1999 • 475 citations

Specific Activation of Smad1 Signaling Pathways by the BMP7 Type I Receptor, ALK2

1998 • 472 citations

TβRI Phosphorylation of Smad2 on Ser465 and Ser467 Is Required for Smad2-Smad4 Complex Formation and Signaling

1997 • 470 citations

Smad2 Signaling in Extraembryonic Tissues Determines Anterior-Posterior Polarity of the Early Mouse Embryo

1998 • 469 citations

A structural basis for mutational inactivation of the tumour suppressor Smad4

1997 • 459 citations

Interaction and Functional Cooperation of PEBP2/CBF with Smads

1999 • 449 citations

Convergence of Transforming Growth Factor-β and Vitamin D Signaling Pathways on SMAD Transcriptional Coactivators

1999 • 442 citations

Functional Analysis of the Transforming Growth Factor βResponsive Elements in the WAF1/Cip1/p21 Promoter

1995 • 440 citations

Dual role of the Smad4/DPC4 tumor suppressor in TGFβ-inducible transcriptional complexes

1997 • 439 citations

Smad5 knockout mice die at mid-gestation due to multiple embryonic and extraembryonic defects

1999 • 436 citations

Crystal Structure of the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Type I TGF β Receptor in Complex with FKBP12

1999 • 433 citations

Daughters against dpp modulates dpp organizing activity in Drosophila wing development

1997 • 426 citations

Roles of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Type I Receptors and Smad Proteins in Osteoblast and Chondroblast Differentiation

1999 • 419 citations

Conjunction dysfunction: CBP/p300 in human disease

1998 • 406 citations

Transforming growth factor beta induces IgA production and acts additively with interleukin 5 for IgA production.

1989 • 394 citations

Angiogenesis defects and mesenchymal apoptosis in mice lacking SMAD5

1999 • 394 citations

The L45 loop in type I receptors for TGF‐β family members is a critical determinant in specifying Smad isoform activation

1998 • 390 citations

Phosphorylation of Ser465 and Ser467 in the C Terminus of Smad2 Mediates Interaction with Smad4 and Is Required for Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling

1997 • 383 citations

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Regulate the Developmental Program of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells

1999 • 383 citations

Repression of the CDK activator Cdc25A and cell-cycle arrest by cytokine TGF-β in cells lacking the CDK inhibitor p15

1997 • 378 citations

The Immunophilin FKBP12 Functions as a Common Inhibitor of the TGFβ Family Type I Receptors

1996 • 370 citations

The oncoprotein Evi-1 represses TGF-β signalling by inhibiting Smad3

1998 • 369 citations

The tumor suppressor SMAD4/DPC4 is essential for epiblast proliferation and mesoderm induction in mice

1998 • 368 citations

Mutations increasing autoinhibition inactivate tumour suppressors Smad2 and Smad4

1997 • 365 citations

Determinants of specificity in TGF-β signal transduction

1998 • 364 citations

Induction of Inhibitory Smad6 and Smad7 mRNA by TGF-β Family Members

1998 • 355 citations

Physical and Functional Interaction of SMADs and p300/CBP

1998 • 351 citations

A novel mesoderm inducer, Madr2, functions in the activin signal transduction pathway.

1996 • 351 citations

Regulation of the human p21/WAF1/Cip1 promoter in hepatic cells by functional interactions between Sp1 and Smad family members

1998 • 348 citations

ATF-2 Is a Common Nuclear Target of Smad and TAK1 Pathways in Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling

1999 • 347 citations

Mechanism of TGFβ receptor inhibition by FKBP12

1997 • 342 citations

Smads bind directly to the Jun family of AP-1 transcription factors

1999 • 324 citations

Specific Interaction of Type I Receptors of the TGF-β Family with the Immunophilin FKBP-12

1994 • 321 citations

Smad5 and DPC4 Are Key Molecules in Mediating BMP-2-induced Osteoblastic Differentiation of the Pluripotent Mesenchymal Precursor Cell Line C2C12

1998 • 319 citations

The tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC 4 as a central mediator of Smad function

1997 • 317 citations

Transforming Growth Factor β Activation of p44mapk in Proliferating Cultures of Epithelial Cells

1995 • 312 citations

Mad-related genes in the human

1996 • 308 citations

Genetic screens to identify elements of the decapentaplegic signaling pathway in Drosophila.

1995 • 306 citations

Evidence for a Role of Rho-like GTPases and Stress-activated Protein Kinase/c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (SAPK/JNK) in Transforming Growth Factor β-mediated Signaling

1997 • 301 citations

Smad2 transduces common signals from receptor serine–threonine and tyrosine kinases

1998 • 291 citations

Synergistic cooperation of TFE3 and Smad proteins in TGF-β-induced transcription of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene

1998 • 288 citations

Drosophila CBP is a co-activator of cubitus interruptus in hedgehog signalling

1997 • 283 citations

Smad proteins exist as monomers in vivo and undergo homo- and hetero-oligomerization upon activation by serine/threonine kinase receptors

1998 • 281 citations

Transducing the Dpp Morphogen Gradient in the Wing of Drosophila

1999 • 280 citations

The L3 loop: a structural motif determining specific interactions between SMAD proteins and TGF-beta receptors

1998 • 265 citations

The Drosophila Gene brinker Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Dpp Target Gene Regulation

1999 • 262 citations

Smad3-Smad4 and AP-1 Complexes Synergize in Transcriptional Activation of the c-Jun Promoter by Transforming Growth Factor β

1999 • 261 citations

Cellular interpretation of multiple TGF-β signals: intracellular antagonism between activin/BVg1 and BMP-2/4 signaling mediated by Smads

1997 • 260 citations

Activin Receptors and Cellular Signaling by the Receptor Serine Kinase Family

1994 • 259 citations

Smad proteins act in combination with synergistic and antagonistic regulators to target Dpp responses to theDrosophila mesoderm

1998 • 250 citations

Transforming Growth Factor β Activates the Promoter of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15 through an Sp1 Consensus Site

1995 • 249 citations

Transforming Growth Factor β1 Induces Nuclear Export of Inhibitory Smad7

1998 • 240 citations

Alternatively Spliced Variant of Smad2 Lacking Exon 3

1999 • 235 citations

brinker is a target of Dpp in Drosophila that negatively regulates Dpp-dependent genes

1999 • 232 citations

Characterization of Human FAST-1, a TGFβ and Activin Signal Transducer

1998 • 230 citations

Differential Inhibition of Smad6 and Smad7 on Bone Morphogenetic Protein- and Activin-mediated Growth Arrest and Apoptosis in B Cells

1999 • 225 citations

Smad1 and Smad5 Act Downstream of Intracellular Signalings of BMP-2 That Inhibits Myogenic Differentiation and Induces Osteoblast Differentiation in C2C12 Myoblasts

1997 • 224 citations

The type I activin receptor ActRIB is required for egg cylinder organization and gastrulation in the mouse

1998 • 221 citations

Smad1 Recognition and Activation by the ALK1 Group of Transforming Growth Factor-β Family Receptors

1999 • 219 citations

Functional Interactions of Transforming Growth Factor β-activated Kinase 1 with IκB Kinases to Stimulate NF-κB Activation

1999 • 218 citations

The drosophila schnurri gene acts in the Dpp/TGFβ signaling pathway and encodes a transcription factor homologous to the human MBP family

1995 • 212 citations

TGF-β–induced Phosphorylation of Smad3 Regulates Its Interaction with Coactivator p300/CREB-binding Protein

1998 • 211 citations

A kinase subdomain of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor determines the TGF-β intracellular signaling specificity

1997 • 203 citations

schnurri is required for drosophila Dpp signaling and encodes a zinc finger protein similar to the mammalian transcription factor PRDII-BF1

1995 • 200 citations

The DAF-3 Smad protein antagonizes TGF-β-related receptor signaling in the Caenorhabditis elegansdauer pathway

1997 • 197 citations

Mads and Smads in TGFβ signalling

1998 • 194 citations

The Drosophila Activin receptor Baboon signals through dSmad2 and controls cell proliferation but not patterning during larval development

1999 • 190 citations

Smad1 Interacts with Homeobox DNA-binding Proteins in Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling

1999 • 187 citations

Receptors for Transforming Growth Factor-β

1993 • 181 citations

A short amino-acid sequence in MH1 domain is responsible for functional differences between Smad2 and Smad3

1999 • 177 citations

Mothers against dpp encodes a conserved cytoplasmic protein required in DPP/TGF-β responsive cells

1996 • 174 citations

MEKK-1, a Component of the Stress (Stress-activated Protein Kinase/c-Jun N-terminal Kinase) Pathway, Can Selectively Activate Smad2-mediated Transcriptional Activation in Endothelial Cells

1999 • 171 citations

Induction of Smad6 mRNA by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

1998 • 168 citations

Induction of apoptosis by Smad3 and down-regulation of Smad3 expression in response to TGF-β in human normal lung epithelial cells

1998 • 164 citations

Induction of Apoptosis by DPC4, a Transcriptional Factor Regulated by Transforming Growth Factor-β through Stress-activated Protein Kinase/c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (SAPK/JNK) Signaling Pathway

1997 • 164 citations

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Can Be Involved in Transforming Growth Factor β Superfamily Signal Transduction in Drosophila Wing Morphogenesis

1999 • 164 citations

Role of p300, a transcriptional coactivator, in signalling of TGF‐β

1998 • 162 citations

Physical and Functional Interaction of Murine and Xenopus Smad7 with Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors and Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptors

1998 • 156 citations

Medea is a Drosophila Smad4 homolog that is differentially required to potentiate DPP responses

1998 • 153 citations

Characterization of Functional Domains within Smad4/DPC4

1997 • 151 citations

Mutations of the DPC4/Smad4 gene in biliary tract carcinoma.

1998 • 148 citations

Smad and AML Proteins Synergistically Confer Transforming Growth Factor β1 Responsiveness to Human Germ-line IgA Genes

2000 • 148 citations

Assignment of Transforming Growth Factor β1 and β3 and a Third New Ligand to the Type I Receptor ALK-1

1999 • 144 citations

Specificity of TGFβ signaling is conferred by distinct type I receptors and their associated SMAD proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans

1999 • 139 citations

Smad7 Is an Activin-inducible Inhibitor of Activin-induced Growth Arrest and Apoptosis in Mouse B Cells

1998 • 139 citations

Transcriptional activating activity of Smad4: Roles of SMAD hetero-oligomerization and enhancement by an associating transactivator

1998 • 139 citations

Smad4/DPC4 and Smad3 Mediate Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Signaling through Direct Binding to a Novel TGF-β-responsive Element in the Human Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promoter

1998 • 138 citations

E2F and Histone Deacetylase Mediate Transforming Growth Factor β Repression of cdc25A during Keratinocyte Cell Cycle Arrest

1999 • 132 citations

Xenopus Smad8 acts downstream of BMP-4 to modulate its activity during vertebrate embryonic patterning

1998 • 129 citations

A Drosophila protein related to the human zinc finger transcription factor PRDII/MBPI/HIV-EP1 is required for dpp signaling

1995 • 125 citations

Cooperative Binding of Smad Proteins to Two Adjacent DNA Elements in the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promoter Mediates Transforming Growth Factor β-induced Smad-dependent Transcriptional Activation

1999 • 120 citations

The Drosophila Medea gene is required downstream of dpp and encodes a functional homolog of human Smad4

1998 • 113 citations

The Drosophila gene Medea demonstrates the requirement for different classes of Smads in dpp signaling

1998 • 112 citations

Smad6 Suppresses TGF-β-Induced Growth Inhibition in COLO-357 Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Is Overexpressed in Pancreatic Cancer

1999 • 109 citations

E1A Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling through Binding to Smad Proteins

1999 • 108 citations

Cross-talk between the Smad1 and Ras/MEK signaling pathways for TGFβ

1999 • 106 citations

The Tlx-2 homeobox gene is a downstream target of BMP signalling and is required for mouse mesoderm development

1998 • 106 citations

The t(3;21) Fusion Product, AML1/Evi-1, Interacts With Smad3 and Blocks Transforming Growth Factor-β–Mediated Growth Inhibition of Myeloid Cells

1998 • 102 citations

Interplay of Signal Mediators of Decapentaplegic (Dpp): Molecular Characterization of Mothers against dpp, Medea, and Daughters against dpp

1998 • 100 citations

CBFα3 (AML2) Is Induced by TGF-β1 to Bind and Activate the Mouse Germline Ig α Promoter

1998 • 97 citations

A function of CBP as a transcriptional co-activator during Dpp signalling

1999 • 96 citations

Identification of Two Smad4 Proteins in Xenopus

1999 • 95 citations

Positive and Negative Modulation of Vitamin D Receptor Function by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling through Smad Proteins

1999 • 95 citations

Xenopus Smad4β Is the Co-Smad Component of Developmentally Regulated Transcription Factor Complexes Responsible for Induction of Early Mesodermal Genes

1999 • 92 citations

FAST-2 Is a Mammalian Winged-Helix Protein Which Mediates Transforming Growth Factor β Signals

1999 • 88 citations

Intracellular signaling of osteogenic protein-1 through Smad5 activation

1998 • 86 citations

The Smad5 Gene Is Involved in the Intracellular Signaling Pathways That Mediate the Inhibitory Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β on Human Hematopoiesis

1998 • 84 citations

Somatic alterations of the SMAD-2 gene in human colorectal cancers

1998 • 84 citations

Smad Proteins Physically Interact with Calmodulin

1998 • 81 citations

Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 Is a Component of Transforming Growth Factor β-induced c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Signaling Cascade

1999 • 81 citations

Smad6 functions as an intracellular antagonist of some TGF‐β family members during Xenopus embryogenesis

1998 • 78 citations

Dominant-Negative Smad2 Mutants Inhibit Activin/Vg1 Signaling and Disrupt Axis Formation in Xenopus

1999 • 77 citations

Identification of receptors and Smad proteins involved in activin signalling in a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line

1998 • 75 citations

The C-terminal domain of Mad-like signal transducers is sufficient for biological activity in the Xenopus embryo and transcriptional activation

1997 • 72 citations

The DAF-3 Smad binds DNA and represses gene expression in the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx

1999 • 67 citations

Molecular analyses of the 15q and 18qSMAD genes in pancreatic cancer

1999 • 65 citations

A single missense mutant of Smad3 inhibits activation of both Smad2 and Smad3, and has a dominant negative effect on TGF‐β signals

1998 • 61 citations

Smad7 Inhibits Mesoderm Formation and Promotes Neural Cell Fate inXenopusEmbryos

1998 • 54 citations

Smad2 Overexpression Enhances Smad4 Gene Expression and Suppresses CBFA1 Gene Expression in Osteoblastic Osteosarcoma ROS17/2.8 Cells and Primary Rat Calvaria Cells

1998 • 54 citations

Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Member of the Human Mad Gene Family (MADH6)

1997 • 53 citations

Overexpression of the tumor suppressor gene Smad4/DPC4 induces p21waf1 expression and growth inhibition in human carcinoma cells.

1998 • 51 citations

Spemann organizer activity of Smad10

1999 • 49 citations

AML and Ets proteins regulate the Iα1 germ-line promoter

1999 • 47 citations

Smad4 (DPC4) - a potent tumour suppressor?

1998 • 42 citations

Drosophila dSmad2 and Atr‐I transmit activin/TGFβ signals

1999 • 42 citations

Roles of Pathway-Specific and Inhibitory Smads in Activin Receptor Signaling

1999 • 31 citations

Cloning and expression of a rat Smad1: Regulation by TGF� and modulation by the ras/MEK pathway

1999 • 31 citations

Smad5, a tumor suppressor candidate at 5q31.1, is hemizygously lost and not mutated in the retained allele in human leukemia cell line HL60

1997 • 31 citations

Localization of SMAD5 and its evaluation as a candidate myeloid tumor suppressor.

1997 • 30 citations

Chromatin modification: How to put a HAT on the histones

1999 • 19 citations

Mothers Against Decapentaplegic-Related Protein 2 Expression in Avian Granulosa Cells Is Up-Regulated by Transforming Growth Factor during Ovarian Follicular Development

1997 • 14 citations

Xenopus Smad7 inhibits both the activin and BMP pathways and acts as a neural inducer

1998 • 14 citations

A Short Loop on the ALK-2 and ALK-4 Activin Receptors Regulates Signaling Specificity but Cannot Account for All Their Effects on EarlyXenopus Development

1999 • 14 citations

A molecular basis for Smad specificity

1999 • 10 citations