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Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats.

1988 • 4,617 citations

Unresponsiveness to Cannabinoids and Reduced Addictive Effects of Opiates in CB ₁ Receptor Knockout Mice

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Dopamine Receptors: From Structure to Function

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Dopamine, learning and motivation

2004 • 3,146 citations

A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction.

1987 • 2,704 citations

Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions.

1990 • 2,437 citations

Cocaine Receptors on Dopamine Transporters Are Related to Self-Administration of Cocaine

1987 • 2,189 citations

Chapter 6 Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: Parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, “prefrontal” and “limbic” functions

1991 • 1,897 citations

Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons

1992 • 1,585 citations

Addiction Is a Brain Disease, and It Matters

1997 • 1,486 citations

Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors

1997 • 1,448 citations

Acetylcholine receptors containing the β2 subunit are involved in the reinforcing properties of nicotine

1998 • 1,304 citations

Addiction and the brain: The neurobiology of compulsion and its persistence

2001 • 1,284 citations

Opioid-receptor mRNA expression in the rat CNS: anatomical and functional implications

1995 • 1,267 citations

A circuitry model of the expression of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine-like psychostimulants

1997 • 1,234 citations

Evidence for Addiction-like Behavior in the Rat

2004 • 1,089 citations

Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs

1996 • 1,083 citations

Cannabinoid and Heroin Activation of Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission by a Common µ ₁ Opioid Receptor Mechanism

1997 • 1,078 citations

Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications

2004 • 1,059 citations

Opposing tonically active endogenous opioid systems modulate the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway.

1992 • 1,001 citations

Dopamine receptor pharmacology

1994 • 959 citations

Ventral striatal control of appetitive motivation: role in ingestive behavior and reward-related learning

2004 • 915 citations

Brain Reward Circuitry

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The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotine

1992 • 827 citations

Amphetamine: Effects on Catecholamine Systems and Behavior

1993 • 826 citations

Nicotinic Receptors at the Amino Acid Level

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The effects of cannabinoids on the brain

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Low doses of ethanol activate dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area

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Catecholamine theories of reward: A critical review

1978 • 766 citations

Nicotine activates and desensitizes midbrain dopamine neurons

1997 • 762 citations

Self-administered nicotine activates the mesolimbic dopamine system through the ventral tegmental area

1994 • 741 citations

Oral alcohol self-administration stimulates dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens: genetic and motivational determinants.

1993 • 741 citations

Extinction and recovery of cocaine self-administration following 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens

1980 • 736 citations

On the role of ascending catecholaminergic systems in intravenous self-administration of cocaine

1977 • 733 citations

Long-Term Potentiation of Excitatory Inputs to Brain Reward Areas by Nicotine

2000 • 715 citations

Synaptic Mechanisms Underlie Nicotine-Induced Excitability of Brain Reward Areas

2002 • 685 citations

Role of dopamine in the behavioural actions of nicotine related to addiction

2000 • 677 citations

Distribution of neuronal cannabinoid receptor in the adult rat brain: A comparative receptor binding radioautography and in situ hybridization histochemistry

1992 • 654 citations

Relationship between subjective effects of cocaine and dopamine transporter occupancy

1997 • 653 citations

Destruction of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens selectively attenuates cocaine but not heroin self-administration in rats

1984 • 644 citations

Molecular and physiological diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the midbrain dopaminergic nuclei.

2001 • 640 citations

Decreases in Dopamine Receptors but not in Dopamine Transporters in Alcoholics

1996 • 603 citations

Molecular and Physiological Diversity of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Midbrain Dopaminergic Nuclei

2001 • 574 citations

Dopamine: a potential substrate for synaptic plasticity and memory mechanisms

2003 • 561 citations

Heroin and cocaine intravenous self-administration in rats: Mediation by separate neural systems

1982 • 560 citations

Cocaine and Amphetamine Increase Extracellular Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens of Mice Lacking the Dopamine Transporter Gene

2001 • 531 citations

The molecular mechanism of "ecstasy" [3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)]: serotonin transporters are targets for MDMA-induced serotonin release.

1992 • 526 citations

Systemic nicotine‐induced dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens is regulated by nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area

1994 • 524 citations

Cocaine self-administration in dopamine-transporter knockout mice

1998 • 523 citations

Neuronal localization of cannabinoid receptors in the basal ganglia of the rat

1991 • 515 citations

Ethanol increases the firing rate of dopamine neurons of the rat ventral tegmental area in vitro

1990 • 507 citations

Molecular Diversity of the Dopamine Receptors

1993 • 506 citations

Subunit Composition of Functional Nicotinic Receptors in Dopaminergic Neurons Investigated with Knock-Out Mice

2003 • 504 citations

Intracranial self-administration of morphine into the ventral tegmental area in rats

1981 • 497 citations

Cortical Dopaminergic Involvement in Cocaine Reinforcement

1983 • 491 citations

Morphine-induced activation of A10 dopamine neurons in the rat

1983 • 485 citations

An integrative neuroanatomical perspective on some subcortical substrates of adaptive responding with emphasis on the nucleus accumbens

2000 • 479 citations

Endocannabinoids Mediate Presynaptic Inhibition of Glutamatergic Transmission in Rat Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons through Activation of CB1 Receptors

2004 • 466 citations

Cocaine inhibition of ligand binding at dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters: A structure-activity study

1990 • 462 citations

Destruction of dopaminergic nerve terminals in nucleus accumbens: Effect on d-amphetamine self-administration

1979 • 460 citations

Ethanol Self-Administration Restores Withdrawal-Associated Deficiencies in Accumbal Dopamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine Release in Dependent Rats

1996 • 455 citations

Modulation of Cocaine Self-Administration in the Rat Through D-3 Dopamine Receptors

1993 • 452 citations

The prefrontal cortex and the integration of sensory, limbic and autonomic information

2000 • 446 citations

The neurobiology of nicotine addiction: bridging the gap from molecules to behaviour

2004 • 439 citations

The D₂ Dopamine Receptor Gene as a Determinant of Reward Deficiency Syndrome

1996 • 436 citations

Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of nicotine addiction

2002 • 430 citations

Electrophysiological evidence for excitation of rat ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons by morphine

1984 • 424 citations

The accumbens: beyond the core-shell dichotomy

1997 • 415 citations

Subunit Composition and Pharmacology of Two Classes of Striatal Presynaptic Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Mediating Dopamine Release in Mice

2004 • 409 citations

Blockade of the Noradrenaline Carrier Increases Extracellular Dopamine Concentrations in the Prefrontal Cortex: Evidence that Dopamine Is Taken up In Vivo by Noradrenergic Terminals

1990 • 407 citations

The diversity of subunit composition in nAChRs: Evolutionary origins, physiologic and pharmacologic consequences

2002 • 401 citations

Fluctuations in nucleus accumbens dopamine concentration during intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats

1995 • 401 citations

SR141716, a central cannabinoid (CB1) receptor antagonist, blocks the motivational and dopamine-releasing effects of nicotine in rats

2002 • 397 citations

Paradoxical GABA excitation of nigral dopaminergic cells: Indirect mediation through reticulata inhibitory neurons

1979 • 393 citations

Pharmacological and biochemical interactions between opioids and cannabinoids

1999 • 392 citations

Effects of cocaine and related drugs in nonhuman primates. III. Self-administration by squirrel monkeys.

1989 • 389 citations

Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens during cocaine self-administration as studied by in vivo microdialysis

1989 • 386 citations

Preclinical Evaluation of Pharmacotherapies for Treatment of Cocaine and Opioid Abuse Using Drug Self-Administration Procedures

1996 • 385 citations

The pharmacology of mesolimbic dopamine neurons: a dual-probe microdialysis study in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens of the rat brain

1996 • 376 citations

Monoamine Transporters: From Genes to Behavior

2003 • 375 citations

Self-injection of amphetamine directly into the brain

1983 • 373 citations

Functional Interaction between Opioid and Cannabinoid Receptors in Drug Self-Administration

2001 • 367 citations

Anatomical Substrates for Glutamate‐Dopamine Interactions

2003 • 366 citations

Cannabinoids excite dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmentum and substantia nigra

1997 • 366 citations

Cannabinoids activate mesolimbic dopamine neurons by an action on cannabinoid CB1 receptors

1998 • 363 citations

Differential Desensitization and Distribution of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes in Midbrain Dopamine Areas

2003 • 363 citations

Suppression of Ethanol-Reinforced Behavior by Naltrexone Is Associated with Attenuation of the Ethanol-Induced Increase in Dialysate Dopamine Levels in the Nucleus Accumbens

1998 • 362 citations

Localization and Mechanisms of Action of Cannabinoid Receptors at the Glutamatergic Synapses of the Mouse Nucleus Accumbens

2001 • 357 citations

Glutamate systems in cocaine addiction

2003 • 349 citations

Self-administration behavior is maintained by the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana in squirrel monkeys

2000 • 344 citations

Persistent Behavior at High Rates Maintained by Intravenous Self-Administration of Nicotine

1981 • 341 citations

Neural systems for behavioral activation and reward

1999 • 336 citations

Elimination of cocaine-induced hyperactivity and dopamine-mediated neurophysiological effects in dopamine D1 receptor mutant mice

1994 • 334 citations

Serotonin2C receptors tonically suppress the activity of mesocortical dopaminergic and adrenergic, but not serotonergic, pathways: A combined dialysis and electrophysiological analysis in the rat

2000 • 333 citations

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol produces naloxone-blockable enhancement of presynaptic basal dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens of conscious, freely-moving rats as measured by intracerebral microdialysis

1990 • 331 citations

Cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice exhibit markedly reduced voluntary alcohol consumption and lack alcohol‐induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens

2003 • 330 citations

Cannabinoids Enhance Subsecond Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens of Awake Rats

2004 • 330 citations

Neurobiology of Addiction: Toward the Development of New Therapies

2000 • 324 citations

Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction: Recent Advances and Challenges

2002 • 323 citations

Overexpression of dopamine D2 receptors reduces alcohol self‐administration

2001 • 318 citations

Regulation of somatodendritic dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area by opioids and GABA: an in vivo microdialysis study

1992 • 311 citations

The cannabinoid receptor: biochemical, anatomical and behavioral characterization

1990 • 308 citations

The role of mesolimbic dopamine in the development and maintenance of ethanol reinforcement

2004 • 305 citations

A New Anatomical Framework for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Drug Abuse

2003 • 300 citations

Effects of dopamine D-1 and D-2 antagonists on cocaine self-administration under different schedules of reinforcement in the rat.

1994 • 299 citations

Drugs and Reinforcement Mechanisms: A Critical Review of the Catecholamine Theory

1978 • 293 citations

Effects of the dopamine D-1 antagonist SCH 23390 microinjected into the accumbens, amygdala or striatum on cocaine self-administration in the rat

1995 • 293 citations

Nicotinic excitation of rat ventral tegmental neurones in vitro studied by intracellular recording

1989 • 291 citations

Amphetamine and Other Weak Bases Act to Promote Reverse Transport of Dopamine in Ventral Midbrain Neurons

1993 • 290 citations

The role of GABAA receptors in mediating the effects of alcohol in the central nervous system.

2003 • 289 citations

The endocannabinoid system in the basal ganglia and in the mesolimbic reward system: implications for neurological and psychiatric disorders

2003 • 284 citations

Differences in extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens during response-dependent and response-independent cocaine administration in the rat

1997 • 282 citations

Marijuana and cannabinoid regulation of brain reward circuits

2004 • 282 citations

The D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH 23390 increases cocaine self-administration in the rat

1987 • 281 citations

Selective dopamine antagonists reduce nicotine self-administration

1991 • 279 citations

Cannabinoids: reward, dependence, and underlying neurochemical mechanisms?a review of recent preclinical data

2003 • 275 citations

Neural Systems Underlying Opiate Addiction

2002 • 273 citations

Ethanol self-infusion into the ventral tegmental area by alcohol-preferring rats

1994 • 270 citations

Cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice fail to self-administer morphine but not other drugs of abuse

2001 • 266 citations

SHORT COMMUNICATION Inhibition of GABAergic neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental area by cannabinoids

2002 • 265 citations

Modulation of A10 dopamine neurons by gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists.

1990 • 265 citations

Nicotine: from molecular mechanisms to behaviour

2004 • 260 citations

Cannabinoid Transmission and Reward-Related Events

1998 • 259 citations

Oral ethanol self-administration in rats is reduced by the administration of dopamine and glutamate receptor antagonists into the nucleus accumbens

1992 • 257 citations

Reinforcing effects of morphine in the nucleus accumbens

1982 • 254 citations

Nicotine as a modulator of behavior: beyond the inverted U

2003 • 254 citations

Self-administration of morphine, DAMGO, and DPDPE into the ventral tegmental area of rats

1994 • 253 citations

Role of Dopamine D₁and D₂Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens in Mediating Reward

1997 • 248 citations

Effects of nicotine in the dopaminergic system of mice lacking the alpha4 subunit of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

2003 • 245 citations

Compartment-specific localization of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and μ-opioid receptors in rat nucleus accumbens

2004 • 241 citations

Self-administration of methionine enkephalin into the nucleus accumbens

1984 • 238 citations

Free-choice responding for ethanol versus water in alcohol preferring (P) and unselected Wistar rats is differentially modified by naloxone, bromocriptine, and methysergide

1990 • 237 citations

Blockade of Nicotine Self-Administration with Nicotinic Antagonists in Rats

1999 • 235 citations

Presynaptic nicotinic receptors modulating dopamine release in the rat striatum

2000 • 234 citations

Disruption of cocaine and heroin self-administration following kainic acid lesions of the nucleus accumbens

1985 • 232 citations

Role of Dopamine D2-like Receptors in Cocaine Self-Administration: Studies with D2 Receptor Mutant Mice and Novel D2 Receptor Antagonists

2002 • 231 citations

Learning Mechanisms in Addiction: Synaptic Plasticity in the Ventral Tegmental Area as a Result of Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

2004 • 230 citations

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol excites rat VTA dopamine neurons through activation of cannabinoid CB1 but not opioid receptors

1997 • 227 citations

Serotonin dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens of rats during withdrawal after unlimited access to intravenous cocaine.

1995 • 221 citations

Self-administration of ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by drug naive squirrel monkeys

2003 • 215 citations

The mGluR5 antagonist MPEP decreased nicotine self-administration in rats and mice

2003 • 214 citations

Alcohol preference and sensitivity are markedly reduced in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors

1998 • 214 citations

Dopaminergic antagonism within the nucleus accumbens or the amygdala produces differential effects on intravenous cocaine self-administration under fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement

1993 • 214 citations

Inhibition of GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents by cannabinoids in rat corpus striatum

1998 • 213 citations

Cannabinoid Addiction: Behavioral Models and Neural Correlates

2002 • 213 citations

The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens and the mesolimbic dopamine system on oral self-administration of ethanol in the rat

1993 • 211 citations

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism in the ventral tegmental area diminishes the systemic nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens

1997 • 211 citations

Regional heterogeneity for the intracranial self-administration of ethanol within the ventral tegmental area of female Wistar rats

2000 • 211 citations

Studies to investigate the role of 5-HT(2C) receptors on cocaine- and food-maintained behavior.

2000 • 209 citations

The β3 Nicotinic Receptor Subunit: A Component of α-Conotoxin MII-Binding Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors that Modulate Dopamine Release and Related Behaviors

2003 • 205 citations

Cocaine reinforcement and extracellular dopamine overflow in rat nucleus accumbens: an in vivo microdialysis study

1989 • 204 citations

Intravenous self-administration of dopamine receptor agonists by rhesus monkeys.

1984 • 203 citations

Nicotine and food induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of the rat: Putative role of α7 nicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area

1998 • 203 citations

Intracranial Self-Administration of Ethanol within the Ventral Tegmental Area of Male Wistar Rats: Evidence for Involvement of Dopamine Neurons

2004 • 198 citations

Antagonism of cocaine self-administration by selective dopamine D1 and D2 antagonists

1990 • 195 citations

Self-administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 in drug-naive mice

1998 • 194 citations

Cannabinoid modulation of the reinforcing and motivational properties of heroin and heroin-associated cues in rats

2003 • 194 citations

Nicotine infused into the nucleus accumbens increases synaptic dopamine as measured by in vivo microdialysis

1989 • 193 citations

Involvement of the Olfactory Tubercle in Cocaine Reward: Intracranial Self-Administration Studies

2003 • 189 citations

Elevations of nucleus accumbens dopamine and DOPAC levels during intravenous heroin self‐administration

1995 • 188 citations

Disruption of dopamine D1 receptor gene expression attenuates alcohol-seeking behavior

1998 • 186 citations

Neuroanatomical relationship between type 1 cannabinoid receptors and dopaminergic systems in the rat basal ganglia

2003 • 185 citations

Alcohol Self‐Administration: Further Examination of the Role of Dopamine Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens

1997 • 185 citations

Attenuation of Cue-Controlled Cocaine-Seeking by a Selective D3 Dopamine Receptor Antagonist SB-277011-A

2002 • 184 citations

Addiction: Making the Connection Between Behavioral Changes and Neuronal Plasticity in Specific Pathways

2002 • 184 citations

Intravenous self-administration of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 in rats

2001 • 182 citations

Fluoxetine pretreatment reduces breaking points on a progressive ratio schedule reinforced by intravenous cocaine self-administration in the rat

1991 • 182 citations

Distribution of dopamine ?-hydroxylase-like immunoreactive fibers within the shell subregion of the nucleus accumbens

1997 • 181 citations

Effect of dopamine agonists and antagonists on ethanol-reinforced behavior: The involvement of the nucleus accumbens

1993 • 179 citations

Biochemical and electrophysiological evidence that RO 60-0175 inhibits mesolimbic dopaminergic function through serotonin2C receptors

2000 • 179 citations

Bromocriptine self-administration and bromocriptine-reinstatement of cocaine-trained and heroin-trained lever pressing in rats

1990 • 179 citations

Extracellular dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats during intracerebral dialysis following systemic administration of cocaine and other uptake blockers

1997 • 179 citations

Effects of a D1 and a D2 dopamine antagonist on the self-administration of cocaine and piribedil by Rhesus monkeys

1986 • 177 citations

Behavioral characterization of dopamine D₅ receptor null mutant mice.

2001 • 176 citations

A pharmacologic strategy for the treatment of nicotine addiction

1999 • 176 citations

Pre- and postsynaptic inhibition by opioids in rat striatum

1992 • 176 citations

Lack of tolerance to nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens

1989 • 174 citations

Relationship between self-administration of amphetamine and monoamine receptors in brain: comparison with cocaine.

1989 • 173 citations

Serotonin_1BReceptor Stimulation Enhances Cocaine Reinforcement

1998 • 172 citations

Baclofen inhibits heroin self-administration behavior and mesolimbic dopamine release.

1999 • 172 citations

Effects of selective D1 and D2 dopamine antagonists on cocaine self-administration in the rat

1991 • 172 citations

Habit-forming actions of nomifensine in nucleus accumbens

1995 • 170 citations

Contribution of Blockade of the Noradrenaline Carrier to the Increase of Extracellular Dopamine in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex by Amphetamine and Cocaine

1997 • 169 citations

Antagonism at metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors inhibits nicotine- and cocaine-taking behaviours and prevents nicotine-triggered relapse to nicotine-seeking

2004 • 166 citations

Dopamine Terminals in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex Synapse on Pyramidal Cells that Project to the Nucleus Accumbens

1999 • 162 citations

Nicotine self-administration in animals as a dependence model

1999 • 157 citations

D1 dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens modulate cocaine self-administration in the rat

1993 • 157 citations

Haloperidol and apomorphine effects on ethanol reinforcement in free feeding rats

1988 • 156 citations

Ethanol-induced increases in dopamine extracellular concentration in rat nucleus accumbens are accounted for by increased release and not uptake inhibition

2000 • 155 citations

Low doses of ethanol inhibit the firing of neurons in the substantia nigra, pars reticulata: a GABAergic effect?

1985 • 155 citations

Response of nicotine self-administration in the rat to manipulations of mu-opioid and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors in the ventral tegmental area

2000 • 154 citations

GABA_A Receptor Blockade in the Anterior Ventral Tegmental Area Increases Extracellular Levels of Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens of Rats

1997 • 154 citations

EFFECTS OF MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINE DEPLETION ON RESPONDING MAINTAINED BY COCAINE AND FOOD

1994 • 153 citations

Enhanced Locomotor, Reinforcing, and Neurochemical Effects of Cocaine in Serotonin 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2C Receptor Mutant Mice

2002 • 152 citations

Effects of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor agents on ethanol consumption in the high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) line of rats

1993 • 151 citations

Dopamine Fluctuations in the Nucleus Accumbens during Maintenance, Extinction, and Reinstatement of Intravenous d-Amphetamine Self-Administration

1999 • 149 citations

Putative role of presynaptic ?7* nicotinic receptors in nicotine stimulated increases of extracellular levels of glutamate and aspartate in the ventral tegmental area

2000 • 148 citations

Effects of dopamine D(1-like) and D(2-like) agonists in rats that self-administer cocaine.

1999 • 147 citations

Cocaine Is Self-Administered into the Shell but Not the Core of the Nucleus Accumbens of Wistar Rats

2002 • 147 citations

The nicotinic antagonist methyllycaconitine has differential effects on nicotine self-administration and nicotine withdrawal in the rat

2001 • 147 citations

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-induced conditioned place preference and intracerebroventricular self-administration in rats

2004 • 145 citations

Supersensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine following 6-hydroxydopamine lesions to the medial prefrontal cortex in rats

1991 • 144 citations

Autoradiographic localization of μ-opioid and neurotensin receptors within the mesolimbic dopamine system

1989 • 143 citations

Characterization of the effects of bupropion on the reinforcing properties of nicotine and food in rats

2003 • 142 citations

Evidence that nicotinic alpha(7) receptors are not involved in the hyperlocomotor and rewarding effects of nicotine.

2000 • 141 citations

Impact of Self-Administered Cocaine and Cocaine Cues on Extracellular Dopamine in Mesolimbic and Sensorimotor Striatum in Rhesus Monkeys

2000 • 141 citations

Mapping of chemical trigger zones for reward

2004 • 140 citations

Cocaine self-administration is increased by both D1 and D2 dopamine antagonists

1991 • 138 citations

The D1 agonists SKF 82958 and SKF 77434 are self-administered by rats

1992 • 137 citations

Systemic nicotine stimulates dopamine release in nucleus accumbens: re-evaluation of the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the ventral tegmental area.

2000 • 135 citations

Reduced operant ethanol self‐administration and in vivo mesolimbic dopamine responses to ethanol inPKCε‐deficient mice

2000 • 135 citations

The GABA B receptor agonists baclofen and CGP44532 decreased nicotine self-administration in the rat

2004 • 134 citations

Study of cannabinoid dependence in animals

2002 • 134 citations

D3 receptor test in vitro predicts decreased cocaine self-administration in rats

1997 • 133 citations

Strain-specific facilitation of dopamine efflux by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the nucleus accumbens of rat: An in vivo microdialysis study

1991 • 133 citations

Dopamine receptor pharmacology.

1993 • 133 citations

Phenotypic analysis of dopamine receptor knockout mice; recent insights into the functional specificity of dopamine receptor subtypes

2004 • 132 citations

Microdialysis of Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens of Alcohol‐Preferring (P) Rats During Anticipation and Operant Self‐Administration of Ethanol

2002 • 132 citations

Acute and long‐term changes in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway after systemic or local single nicotine injections

2002 • 132 citations

m-Chlorophenylpiperazine excites non-dopaminergic neurons in the rat substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area by activating serotonin-2C receptors

2001 • 124 citations

The effects of intravenous heroin administration on extracellular nucleus accumbens dopamine concentrations as determined by in vivo microdialysis.

1995 • 121 citations

Self-infusion of GABA-sub(A ) antagonists directly into the ventral tegmental area and adjacent regions.

1997 • 120 citations

DRD2 Gene Transfer Into the Nucleus Accumbens Core of the Alcohol Preferring and Nonpreferring Rats Attenuates Alcohol Drinking

2004 • 120 citations

Lack of operant ethanol self-administration in dopamine D2 receptor knockout mice

2000 • 119 citations

Comparison of Local and Systemic Ethanol Effects on Extracellular Dopamine Concentration in Rat Nucleus Accumbens by Microdialysis

1998 • 119 citations

From neurobiology to treatment: progress against addiction

2002 • 118 citations

Pharmacological regulation of intravenous cocaine and heroin self-administration in rats: A variable dose paradigm

1989 • 115 citations

6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex fail to influence intravenous self-administration of cocaine

1986 • 115 citations

Intracerebral self-administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP 55,940 in the rat: interaction with the opioid system

2001 • 114 citations

Effects of chronic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on rat midbrain dopamine neurons: an electrophysiological assessment

2000 • 114 citations

The opioid antagonist naltrexone reduces the reinforcing effects of ? 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in squirrel monkeys

2004 • 113 citations

Elevated Expression of 5-HT_1BReceptors in Nucleus Accumbens Efferents Sensitizes Animals to Cocaine

2002 • 113 citations

Serotonin and Ethanol Preference

1989 • 113 citations

Bilateral intra-accumbens self-administration ofd-amphetamine: Antagonism with intra-accumbens SCH-23390 and sulpiride

1994 • 113 citations

The reinforcing effects of dopamine D1 receptor agonists in rhesus monkeys.

1995 • 111 citations

Serotonergic Attenuation of the Reinforcing and Neurochemical Effects of Cocaine in Squirrel Monkeys

2002 • 110 citations

Effect of bupropion on nicotine self-administration in rats

2003 • 109 citations

Plasmalemmal μ‐opioid receptor distribution mainly in nondopaminergic neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area

2001 • 107 citations

Behavioral effects of cocaine and dopaminergic strategies for preclinical medication development

2002 • 107 citations

Self-administration of cocaine analogs by rats

1999 • 105 citations

GABAA receptor modulation of the rewarding and aversive effects of ethanol

2002 • 104 citations

Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptor Antagonist MPEP Decreased Nicotine and Cocaine Self‐Administration but Not Nicotine and Cocaine‐Induced Facilitation of Brain Reward Function in Rats

2003 • 104 citations

Noradrenergic involvement in the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in squirrel monkeys.

1995 • 103 citations

Ethanol Suppression of Ventral Tegmental Area GABA Neuron Electrical Transmission Involves N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors

2004 • 103 citations

Lack of Discrimination by Agonists for D2 and D3 Dopamine Receptors

1995 • 102 citations

Ultrastructural Immunocytochemical Localization of μ-Opioid Receptors in Rat Nucleus Accumbens: Extrasynaptic Plasmalemmal Distribution and Association with Leu⁵-Enkephalin

1996 • 102 citations

[3H]Monoamine releasing and uptake inhibition properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetaimne and p-chloroamphetamine analogues

1991 • 102 citations

Self-infusion of GABAA antagonists directly into the ventral tegmental area and adjacent regions.

1997 • 100 citations

Characterization of the effects of cocaine and GBR 12909, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, on behavior in the squirrel monkey.

1991 • 100 citations

Opioidergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic manipulations and rats' intake of a sweetened alcoholic beverage

1991 • 100 citations

Blockade of D1 Dopamine Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area Decreases Cocaine Reward: Possible Role for Dendritically Released Dopamine

2001 • 99 citations

Blocking GABA A receptors in the anterior ventral tegmental area attenuates ethanol intake of the alcohol-preferring P rat

1998 • 98 citations

Evidence for involvement of both D1 and D2 receptors in maintaining cocaine self-administration

1991 • 97 citations

Variations in desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors from hippocampus and midbrain dopamine areas

2000 • 97 citations

BACLOFEN ANTAGONIZES INTRAVENOUS SELF-ADMINISTRATION OF NICOTINE IN MICE AND RATS

2002 • 97 citations

Self-administration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol by rats

1979 • 97 citations

Increased mesolimbic GABA concentration blocks heroin self-administration in the rat.

2000 • 95 citations

Self-administration of D1 receptor agonists by squirrel monkeys

1996 • 93 citations

Ventral tegmental microinjection of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances ventral tegmental somatodendritic dopamine levels but not forebrain dopamine levels: evidence for local neural action by marijuana's psychoactive ingredient

1993 • 92 citations

Self-administration of the dopamine D3 agonist 7-OH-DPAT in rhesus monkeys is modified by prior cocaine exposure

1996 • 91 citations

Influence of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons on intravenous ethanol self-administration in the rat

1992 • 89 citations

Failure of Intravenous Morphine to Serve as an Effective Instrumental Reinforcer in Dopamine D2 Receptor Knock-Out Mice

2002 • 89 citations

Effect of nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion on motivational aspects involved in initiation of cocaine and heroin self-administration in rats

1996 • 88 citations

Ethanol Excitation of Dopaminergic Ventral Tegmental Area Neurons Is Blocked by Quinidine

2003 • 88 citations

Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex on intravenous cocaine self-administration under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement

1996 • 88 citations

Effects of 6-OHDA lesions of the central medial nucleus accumbens on rat intravenous morphine self-administration

1985 • 86 citations

Assessment of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit contributions to nicotine self-administration in mutant mice

1999 • 85 citations

A comparison of the effects of nicotine on dopamine and non-dopamine neurons in the rat ventral tegmental area: an in vitro electrophysiological study

2000 • 85 citations

Evaluation of the role of norepinephrine in the reinforcing effects of psychomotor stimulants in rhesus monkeys

1987 • 85 citations

RU 24969, a 5-HT1B/1A receptor agonist, potentiates cocaine-induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine

1999 • 84 citations

Lack of evidence for an involvement of nucleus accumbens dopamine D1 receptors in the initiation of heroin self-administration in the rat

1994 • 83 citations

Dopamine D1 receptors involved in locomotor activity and accumbens neural responses to prediction of reward associated with place

2005 • 81 citations

Receptor Subtypes in Opioid and Stimulant Reward

1992 • 80 citations

Role of serotonin in cocaine effects in mice with reduced dopamine transporter function

2003 • 79 citations

6‐OHDA‐Lesions of the Nucleus Accumbens Disrupt the Acquisition but not the Maintenance of Ethanol Consumption in the Alcohol‐Preferring P Line of Rats

1997 • 79 citations

Dopamine receptor agonist reduces ethanol self-administration in the ethanol-preferring C57BL/6J inbred mouse

1994 • 79 citations

Effects of dopaminergic nucleus accumbens lesions on the acquisition of schedule induced self injection of nicotine in the rat

1982 • 78 citations

Opiate influences on nucleus accumbens neuronal electrophysiology: dopamine and non-dopamine mechanisms

1989 • 78 citations

Lack of an effect of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens on intravenous morphine self-administration

1988 • 78 citations

The dopamine hypothesis of opiate reward challenged

1987 • 77 citations

Pharmacological reduction of small conductance calcium-activated potassium current (SK) potentiates the excitatory effect of ethanol on ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons.

1999 • 77 citations

Non-nicotinic neuropharmacological strategies for nicotine dependence: beyond bupropion

2003 • 77 citations

Identification of GABA_A receptor subunit variants in midbrain dopaminergic neurons

2004 • 76 citations

SR141716A reduces the reinforcing properties of heroin but not heroin‐induced increases in nucleus accumbens dopamine in rats

2003 • 76 citations

Nicotine-induced excitation of midbrain dopamine neurons in vitro involves ionotropic glutamate receptor activation

2000 • 75 citations

Comparison of changes in extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens during intravenous self-administration of cocaine or d-amphetamine

1995 • 73 citations

Neurochemical Evidence that Postsynaptic Nucleus Accumbens D₃ Receptor Stimulation Enhances Cocaine Reinforcement

1996 • 73 citations

Lack of response suppression follows repeated ventral tegmental cannabinoid administration: an in vitro electrophysiological study

2000 • 73 citations

Method for training operant responding and evaluating cocaine self-administration behavior in mutant mice

1999 • 71 citations

SDZ-205,152, a novel dopamine receptor agonist, reduces oral ethanol self-administration in rats

1993 • 70 citations

Opposite roles of D1 and D5 dopamine receptors in locomotion revealed by selective antisense oligonucleotides

1998 • 69 citations

Reboxetine: Attenuation of Intravenous Nicotine Self-Administration in Rats

2002 • 69 citations

Electrophysiological verification of the presence of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors within the ventral pallidum

1994 • 68 citations

Influence of tetrodotoxin and calcium on changes in extracellular dopamine levels evoked by systemic nicotine

1993 • 68 citations

Dopamine responsiveness to drugs of abuse: A shell‐core investigation in the nucleus accumbens of the mouse

2003 • 68 citations

Cannabis and alcohol – a close friendship

2003 • 67 citations

Self-administration of GBR 12909 on a fixed ratio and progressive ratio schedule in rats

1993 • 67 citations

Impulse activity of ventral tegmental area neurons during heroin self-administration in rats

2001 • 66 citations

Differential effects of the dopamine D 2 /D 3 receptor antagonist sulpiride on self-administration of morphine into the ventral tegmental area or the nucleus accumbens

2002 • 66 citations

Terminal effects of ethanol on dopamine dynamics in rat nucleus accumbens: An in vitro voltammetric study

2001 • 64 citations

Local α-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic receptors in the nucleus accumbens modulate nicotine-stimulated dopamine secretion in vivo

2000 • 64 citations

Kainic acid lesions of the nucleus accumbens selectively attenuate morphine self-administration

1988 • 64 citations

Self-administration of the D1 agonist SKF 82958 is mediated by D1, not D2, receptors

1996 • 63 citations

Actions of drugs of abuse on brain reward systems: A reconsideration with specific attention to alcohol

1982 • 60 citations

Differential cannabinoid-induced electrophysiological effects in rat ventral tegmentum

2003 • 59 citations

Further studies of the reinforcing effects of benztropine analogs in rhesus monkeys

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Animal Models of Motivation for Drinking in Rodents with a Focus on Opioid Receptor Neuropharmacology

2002 • 58 citations

Cannabinoid modulation of peripheral autonomic and sensory neurotransmission

2003 • 58 citations

μ‐Opioid receptors in the ventral tegmental area are targeted to presynaptically and directly modulate mesocortical projection neurons

2001 • 57 citations

Dopamine D2/D3 receptors modulate cocaine’s reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects in rhesus monkeys

1999 • 56 citations

Isradipine inhibits nicotine intravenous self-administration in drug-naive mice

1995 • 56 citations

Antagonism of behavioral effects of cocaine by selective dopamine receptor blockers

1990 • 55 citations

Cocaine Is Self‐administered into the Shell Region of the Nucleus Accumbens in Wistar Rats

1999 • 54 citations

Locomotor and discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine in dopamine D 5 receptor knockout mice

2003 • 54 citations

THC does not affect striatal dopamine release: Microdialysis in freely moving rats

1991 • 54 citations

Effects of Ventral Tegmental Microinjections of the GABAA Agonist Muscimol on Self-Administration of Ethanol and Sucrose

1996 • 52 citations

Effects of a range of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on ethanol intake in the rat

1996 • 52 citations

Electrophysiological effects of cocaethylene, cocaine, and ethanol on dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area.

2001 • 52 citations

Naltrexone Suppresses Ethanol Intake in 6‐Hydroxydopamine–Treated Rats

2001 • 52 citations

Cocaine-induced changes in extracellular dopamine determined by microdialysis in awake squirrel monkeys

2000 • 51 citations

The relationship between reinforcing effects and in vitro effects of D1 agonists in monkeys.

1997 • 50 citations

Preferential involvement of D 3 versus D 2 dopamine receptors in the effects of dopamine receptor ligands on oral ethanol self-administration in rats

1998 • 50 citations

Dose-dependent effect of ethanol on extracellular dopamine in mesolimbic striatum of awake rhesus monkeys: comparison with cocaine across individuals

2002 • 49 citations

Mμ and D2 Receptor Antisense Oligonucleotides Injected in Nucleus Accumbens Suppress High Alcohol Intake in Genetic Drinking HEP Rats

1999 • 46 citations

Dissociation of cocaine-antagonist properties and motoric effects of the D1 receptor partial agonists SKF 83959 and SKF 77434.

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Getting Past the Asterisk: the Subunit Composition of Presynaptic Nicotinic Receptors That Modulate Striatal Dopamine Release: Fig. 1.

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Effects of body weight levels on Cannabis self-injection

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Self-administration of the GABA A antagonist bicuculline into the ventral tegmental area in mice: dependence on D 2 dopaminergic mechanisms

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A detailed characterization of the effects of four cannabinoid agonists on operant lever pressing

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Increased GABA neurotransmission via administration of gamma‐vinyl GABA decreased nicotine self‐administration in the rat

2002 • 41 citations

Evaluation of the discriminative stimulus and reinforcing effects of sertraline in rhesus monkeys

1992 • 41 citations

Dopamine D3 receptor knockout mice and the motivational effects of ethanol

2003 • 40 citations

Both the shell of the nucleus accumbens and the central nucleus of the amygdala support amphetamine self-administration in rats

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Nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens is inhibited by the novel AMPA antagonist ZK200775 and the NMDA antagonist CGP39551

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Effects of D 1 dopamine receptor agonists on oral ethanol self-administration in rats: comparison with their efficacy to produce grooming and hyperactivity

1999 • 38 citations

Dopaminergic involvement in medial prefrontal cortex and core of the nucleus accumbens in the regulation of ethanol self-administration: a dual-site microinjection study in the rat

2003 • 37 citations

Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the amygdala on intravenous cocaine self-administration under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement

1994 • 36 citations

Cellular responses of nucleus accumbens neurons to opiate-seeking behavior: i. sustained responding during heroin self-administration

1999 • 36 citations

Increased sensitivity to amphetamine and facilitation of amphetamine self-administration after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the amygdala

1988 • 35 citations

The effects of benzamide analogues on cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys

1999 • 35 citations

Opioid receptors in midbrain dopaminergic regions of the rat I. MU receptor autoradiography

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Dopamine Release During Ethanol Drinking in AA Rats

1998 • 33 citations

A comparison of cocaine, GBR 12909, and phentermine self-administration by rhesus monkeys on a progressive-ratio schedule

2001 • 32 citations

Ultrastructural localization of enkephalin and μ-opioid receptors in the rat ventral tegmental area

2002 • 31 citations

Desipramine effects on cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys

1990 • 31 citations

Reinforcing effects of D2 dopamine receptor agonists and partial agonists in rhesus monkeys

2001 • 30 citations

Dopamine antagonist effects on behavior maintained by cocaine and alfentanil in rhesus monkeys

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Adrenalectomy attenuates nicotine-induced dopamine release and locomotor activity in rats

1996 • 27 citations

The Effect of Intravenous Administration of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on the Activity of A10 Dopamine Neurons Recorded in vivo in Anesthetized Rats

1997 • 26 citations

Activity of presumed dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area during heroin self-administration

1997 • 25 citations

Lack of effect of dopamine d2 blockade on ethanol intake in selected and unselected strains of rats

1996 • 25 citations

A Comparison of the Effects of Risperidone, Raclopride, and Ritanserin on Intravenous Self-Administration of d-Amphetamine

1998 • 24 citations

Chronic D1 agonist and ethanol coadministration facilitate ethanol-mediated behaviors

2003 • 22 citations

Dopamine D3 receptor antagonist effects on the motivational effects of ethanol

2002 • 22 citations

Ethanol consumption in mice with a targeted disruption of the dopamine‐3 receptor gene

2003 • 22 citations

Forebrain noradrenaline and oral self-administration of ethanol by rats

1983 • 21 citations

Effects of 6-OHDA lesions in the nucleus accumbens on the acquisition of self injection of heroin under schedule and non schedule conditions in rats

1984 • 21 citations

Dopamine D₅Receptors in Nucleus Accumbens Contribute to the Detection of Cocaine in Rats

2000 • 20 citations

Remoxipride, a specific D2 dopamine antagonist: An examination of its self-administration liability and its effects on d-amphetamine self-administration

1992 • 19 citations

Evaluation of nefazodone self-administration in rhesus monkeys

1991 • 19 citations