Learning Mechanisms in Addiction: Synaptic Plasticity in the Ventral Tegmental Area as a Result of Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

Long‐lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path

1973 • 7,118 citations

The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction

1993 • 7,074 citations

Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats.

1988 • 4,617 citations

Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons

1998 • 4,446 citations

Magnesium gates glutamate-activated channels in mouse central neurones

1984 • 3,999 citations

Voltage-dependent block by Mg2+ of NMDA responses in spinal cord neurones

1984 • 2,822 citations

A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction.

1987 • 2,704 citations

AMPA Receptor Trafficking and Synaptic Plasticity

2002 • 2,540 citations

Excitatory amino acids in synaptic transmission in the Schaffer collateral‐commissural pathway of the rat hippocampus.

1983 • 2,376 citations

Drugs of abuse: anatomy, pharmacology and function of reward pathways

1992 • 2,091 citations

Dopamine transmission in the initiation and expression of drug- and stress-induced sensitization of motor activity

1991 • 2,025 citations

Molecular basis of long-term plasticity underlying addiction

2001 • 1,831 citations

Homosynaptic long-term depression in area CA1 of hippocampus and effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade.

1992 • 1,675 citations

Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons

1992 • 1,585 citations

Incentive‐sensitization and addiction

2001 • 1,397 citations

Activation of postsynaptically silent synapses during pairing-induced LTP in CA1 region of hippocampal slice

1995 • 1,342 citations

Acetylcholine receptors containing the β2 subunit are involved in the reinforcing properties of nicotine

1998 • 1,304 citations

The psychology and neurobiology of addiction: an incentive–sensitization view

2000 • 1,288 citations

Addiction and the brain: The neurobiology of compulsion and its persistence

2001 • 1,284 citations

Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task

1993 • 1,279 citations

Rapid Spine Delivery and Redistribution of AMPA Receptors After Synaptic NMDA Receptor Activation

1999 • 1,272 citations

Evidence for silent synapses: Implications for the expression of LTP

1995 • 1,212 citations

Drugs of Abuse and Stress Trigger a Common Synaptic Adaptation in Dopamine Neurons

2003 • 1,133 citations

Mechanisms underlying induction of homosynaptic long-term depression in area CA1 of the hippocampus

1992 • 1,088 citations

Single cocaine exposure in vivo induces long-term potentiation in dopamine neurons

2001 • 1,084 citations

Neurobiology of addiction

1996 • 1,082 citations

Molecular mechanisms of drug addiction

2004 • 1,080 citations

Long-term potentiation and NMDA receptors in rat visual cortex

1987 • 953 citations

The role of excitatory amino acids in behavioral sensitization to psychomotor stimulants

1998 • 936 citations

NMDA-receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity: multiple forms and mechanisms

1993 • 893 citations

Projections from the Rat Prefrontal Cortex to the Ventral Tegmental Area: Target Specificity in the Synaptic Associations with Mesoaccumbens and Mesocortical Neurons

2000 • 872 citations

Prefrontal cortical efferents in the rat synapse on unlabeled neuronal targets of catecholamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens septi and on dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area

1992 • 832 citations

Importance of AMPA Receptors for Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity But Not for Spatial Learning

1999 • 794 citations

An autoradiographic examination of corticocortical and subcortical projections of the mediodorsal‐projection (prefrontal) cortex in the rat

1979 • 787 citations

Nicotine activates and desensitizes midbrain dopamine neurons

1997 • 762 citations

Dopamine neurons and their role in reward mechanisms

1997 • 757 citations

Morphology and electrophysiological properties of immunocytochemically identified rat dopamine neurons recorded in vitro

1989 • 734 citations

Long-Term Potentiation of Excitatory Inputs to Brain Reward Areas by Nicotine

2000 • 715 citations

A critical period for long-term potentiation at thalamocortical synapses

1995 • 702 citations

Stress-induced relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking in rats: a review

2000 • 695 citations

Stimulants : neurochemical, behavioral, and clinical perspectives

1983 • 689 citations

Two types of neurone in the rat ventral tegmental area and their synaptic inputs.

1992 • 682 citations

The role of stress in drug self-administration

1998 • 670 citations

Nonlinear relationship between impulse flow and dopamine released by rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons as studied by in vivo electrochemistry

1988 • 663 citations

Localization of brain reinforcement mechanisms: intracranial self-administration and intracranial place-conditioning studies

1999 • 573 citations

Neurocircuitry Targets in Ethanol Reward and Dependence

1998 • 563 citations

Dopamine ?Autoreceptors?: Pharmacological characterization by microiontophoretic single cell recording studies

1977 • 544 citations

Effect of acute and daily cocaine treatment on extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens

1990 • 538 citations

Afferent connections of the laterodorsal and the pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei in the rat: A retro‐ and antero‐grade transport and immunohistochemical study

1992 • 535 citations

Ethanol increases the firing rate of dopamine neurons of the rat ventral tegmental area in vitro

1990 • 507 citations

Neuroadaptations involved in amphetamine and cocaine addiction

1998 • 506 citations

A persistent postsynaptic modification mediates long-term potentiation in the hippocampus

1988 • 496 citations

It could be habit forming: drugs of abuse and striatal synaptic plasticity

2003 • 490 citations

Blockade of “reverse tolerance” to cocaine and amphetamine by MK-801

1989 • 484 citations

Burst firing in midbrain dopaminergic neurons

1997 • 482 citations

Repeated exposures intensify rather than diminish the rewarding effects of amphetamine, morphine, and cocaine

1989 • 480 citations

Efflux of dopamine from the synaptic cleft in the nucleus accumbens of the rat brain

1994 • 473 citations

Drugs of abuse and stress increase the expression of GluR1 and NMDAR1 glutamate receptor subunits in the rat ventral tegmental area: common adaptations among cross-sensitizing agents

1996 • 454 citations

Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of nicotine addiction

2002 • 430 citations

Two cell types in rat substantia nigra zona compacta distinguished by membrane properties and the actions of dopamine and opioids

1989 • 426 citations

Interaction between glucocorticoid hormones, stress and psychostimulant drugs*

2002 • 415 citations

Molecular mechanisms of drug addiction [published erratum appears in J Neurosci 1992 Aug;12(8):following table of contents]

1992 • 392 citations

Ethanol Directly Excites Dopaminergic Ventral Tegmental Area Reward Neurons

1999 • 390 citations

Stress, vulnerability and adult alcohol relapse.

1995 • 379 citations

Involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor stimulation in the ventral tegmental area and amygdala in behavioral sensitization to cocaine.

1993 • 368 citations

Common Molecular and Cellular Substrates of Addiction and Memory

2002 • 361 citations

Amphetamine injection into the ventral mesencephalon sensitizes rats to peripheral amphetamine and cocaine.

1988 • 328 citations

Drug‐induced reinstatement of heroin‐ and cocaine‐seeking behaviour following long‐term extinction is associated with expression of behavioural sensitization

1998 • 327 citations

Properties and Plasticity of Excitatory Synapses on Dopaminergic and GABAergic Cells in the Ventral Tegmental Area

1999 • 317 citations

Prolonged and Extrasynaptic Excitatory Action of Dopamine Mediated by D1 Receptors in the Rat StriatumIn Vivo

1997 • 303 citations

Relapse to drug-seeking: neural and molecular mechanisms

1998 • 299 citations

Intracisternal basic fibroblast growth factor enhances functional recovery and up-regulates the expression of a molecular marker of neuronal sprouting following focal cerebral infarction

1997 • 291 citations

Nicotinic excitation of rat ventral tegmental neurones in vitro studied by intracellular recording

1989 • 291 citations

Repeated administration of cocaine or amphetamine alters neuronal responses to glutamate in the mesoaccumbens dopamine system.

1995 • 291 citations

Structural requirements for cocaine congeners to interact with dopamine and serotonin uptake sites in mouse brain and to induce stereotyped behavior

1986 • 289 citations

Synaptic Regulation of Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Neurons

1996 • 289 citations

Elevated levels of GluR1 in the midbrain: a trigger for sensitization to drugs of abuse?

2002 • 279 citations

Sensitization to Morphine Induced by Viral-Mediated Gene Transfer

1997 • 279 citations

Effects of lesions of prefrontal cortex, amygdala, or fornix on behavioral sensitization to amphetamine: Comparison with N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists

1995 • 263 citations

Dopamine D1 receptors facilitate transmitter release

1993 • 260 citations

Amphetamine administered to the ventral tegmental area but not to the nucleus accumbens sensitizes rats to systemic morphine: lack of conditioned effects

1990 • 251 citations

Coadministration of MK-801 with amphetamine, cocaine or morphine prevents rather than transiently masks the development of behavioral sensitization

1993 • 242 citations

Repeated Cocaine Alters Glutamate Receptor Subunit Levels in the Nucleus Accumbens and Ventral Tegmental Area of Rats that Develop Behavioral Sensitization

1999 • 241 citations

D1 receptors modulate glutamate transmission in the ventral tegmental area

1995 • 235 citations

Excitotoxin lesions suggest an aspartatergic projection from rat medial prefrontal cortex to ventral tegmental area

1985 • 231 citations

Modulation of the Induction or Expression of Psychostimulant Sensitization by the Circumstances Surrounding Drug Administration

1998 • 228 citations

Amphetamine-Induced Behavior, Dopamine Release, and c-fosmRNA Expression: Modulation by Environmental Novelty

1998 • 228 citations

A Common Mechanism Mediates Long-Term Changes in Synaptic Transmission after Chronic Cocaine and Morphine

1996 • 224 citations

Hyperactivity and hypoactivity produced by lesions to the mesolimbic dopamine system

1981 • 216 citations

Regulation of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system by glutamic acid receptor subtypes.

1989 • 216 citations

Combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder and severity of substance abuse in Vietnam veterans.

1992 • 212 citations

Bidirectional Control of Quantal Size by Synaptic Activity in the Hippocampus

1996 • 212 citations

Modulation of Long-Term Depression by Dopamine in the Mesolimbic System

2000 • 211 citations

Increased responsiveness of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons to glutamate after repeated administration of cocaine or amphetamine is transient and selectively involves AMPA receptors.

1997 • 210 citations

Long-lasting potentiation of GABAergic synapses in dopamine neurons after a single in vivo ethanol exposure.

2002 • 188 citations

Amphetamine behavioral sensitization and the excitatory amino acids

1990 • 188 citations

Corticosterone acutely prolonged N‐methyl‐<scp>d</scp>‐aspartate receptor‐mediated Ca²⁺ elevation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons

2002 • 181 citations

Bidirectional modification of CA1 synapses in the adult hippocampus in vivo

1996 • 181 citations

Development of both conditioning and sensitization of the behavioral activating effects of amphetamine is blocked by the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801

1993 • 180 citations

The significance of action potential bursting in the brain reward circuit

2002 • 179 citations

Acute and Repeated Systemic Amphetamine Administration: Effects on Extracellular Glutamate, Aspartate, and Serine Levels in Rat Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens

1996 • 178 citations

Sensitization to repeated morphine injection in the rat: possible involvement of A10 dopamine neurons.

1987 • 176 citations

Potent Regulation of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons by the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

2001 • 167 citations

Amphetamine injected into the ventral tegmental area sensitizes the nucleus accumbens dopaminergic response to systemic amphetamine: an in vivo microdialysis study in the rat

1993 • 165 citations

Long-Lasting Potentiation of GABAergic Synapses in Dopamine Neurons after a SingleIn VivoEthanol Exposure

2002 • 164 citations

The development of sensitization to the psychomotor stimulant effects of amphetamine is enhanced in a novel environment

1995 • 164 citations

DNQX blockade of amphetamine behavioral sensitization

1991 • 163 citations

A Role for the Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element in NMDA Receptor-Regulated mRNA Translation in Neurons

2001 • 161 citations

Sensitization occurs to the locomotor effects of morphine and the specific μ opioid receptor agonist, DAGO, administered repeatedly to the ventral tegmental area but not to the nucleus accumbens

1987 • 152 citations

Amphetamine Blocks Long-Term Synaptic Depression in the Ventral Tegmental Area

2000 • 151 citations

Amphetamine administered to the ventral tegmental area sensitizes rats to the locomotor effects of nucleus accumbens amphetamine.

1994 • 143 citations

A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction.

1987 • 141 citations

Anatomical analysis of the involvement of mesolimbocortical dopamine in the locomotor stimulant actions ofd-amphetamine and apomorphine

1988 • 140 citations

Cholinergic axon terminals in the ventral tegmental area target a subpopulation of neurons expressing low levels of the dopamine transporter

1999 • 135 citations

MK‐801 prevents the development of behavioral sensitization during repeated morphine administration

1994 • 135 citations

Actions of cocaine on rat dopaminergic neurones in vitro

1990 • 126 citations

Behavioral sensitization to amphetamine is dependent on corticosteroid receptor activation

1989 • 121 citations

NMDA receptors mediate the behavioral effects of amphetamine infused into the nucleus accumbens

1992 • 114 citations

Conditioned and unconditioned drug effects in relapse to opiate and stimulant drug self-administration

1983 • 107 citations

Evidence for the presence of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the ventral tegmental area of the rat: an electrophysiological in vitro study

1990 • 103 citations

Amphetamine Depresses Excitatory Synaptic Transmission via Serotonin Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area

1999 • 102 citations

Long-term potentiation at excitatory amino acid synapses on midbrain dopamine neurons

1999 • 102 citations

Competitive and noncompetitive NMDA antagonists block sensitization to methamphetamine

1994 • 102 citations

Persistence of the ability of amphetamine preexposure to facilitate acquisition of cocaine self-administration

1994 • 101 citations

Temporal and spatial increase of astroglial basic fibroblast growth factor synthesis after 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons

1994 • 96 citations

Signalled versus unsignalled intravenous amphetamine: large differences in the acute psychomotor response and sensitization

1996 • 90 citations

Electrophysiological evidence for the existence of NMDA and non‐NMDA receptors on rat ventral tegmental dopamine neurons

1993 • 87 citations

Long-Lasting Induction of Astrocytic Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor by Repeated Injections of Amphetamine: Blockade by Concurrent Treatment with a Glutamate Antagonist

1998 • 85 citations

Requirement of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor for sensitization to amphetamine.

2000 • 81 citations

Ontogeny of the enhanced behavioral response to amphetamine in amphetamine-pretreated rats

1990 • 81 citations

Sensitization to systemic amphetamine produces an enhanced locomotor response to a subsequent intra-accumbens amphetamine challenge in rats

1991 • 80 citations

Amphetamine and D1 Dopamine Receptor Agonists Produce Biphasic Effects on Glutamate Efflux in Rat Ventral Tegmental Area: Modification by Repeated Amphetamine Administration

1998 • 78 citations

Chronic d-amphetamine in nucleus accumbens: Lack of tolerance or reverse tolerance of locomotor activity

1981 • 72 citations

Amphetamine Increases Glutamate Efflux in the Rat Ventral Tegmental Area by a Mechanism Involving Glutamate Transporters and Reactive Oxygen Species

2000 • 72 citations

NMDA Receptor-Dependent and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Forms of Long-Term Depression Coexist in CA1 Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells

1998 • 71 citations

Sensitization to cocaine's motor activating properties produced by electrical kindling of the medial prefrontal cortex but not of the hippocampus

1994 • 70 citations

Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors induces an inward current in rat dopamine mesencephalic neurons

1993 • 69 citations

Cocaine effects in the ventral tegmental area: Evidence for an indirect dopaminergic mechanism of action

1990 • 68 citations

Novel Protein Kinase A-Dependent Long-Term Depression of Excitatory Synapses

2002 • 66 citations

t Requirement of Endogenous Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for Sensitization to Amphetamine

2000 • 65 citations

BACKWARD WALKING AND CIRCLING: BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES INDUCED BY DRUG TREATMENTS WHICH CAUSE SIMULTANEOUS RELEASE OF CATECHOLAMINES AND 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE

1979 • 64 citations

Pleiotropic Signaling Pathways in Rapid, Nongenomic Action of Glucocorticoid

1999 • 62 citations

Diencephalic and mesencephalic efferents of the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat: Electrophysiological evidence for the existence of branched axons

1983 • 60 citations

l-Glutamate excitation of A10 dopamine neurons is preferentially mediated by activation of NMDA receptors: extra- and intracellular electrophysiological studies in brain slices

1993 • 58 citations

Chronic administration of (+)-amphetamine alters the reactivity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons to prefrontal cortex stimulation in the rat

1995 • 57 citations

Chronic ethanol administration alters activity in ventral tegmental area neurons after cessation of withdrawal hyperexcitability

1998 • 57 citations

The mechanism of amphetamine‐induced inhibition of rat substantia nigra compacta neurones investigated with intracellular recording in vitro

1989 • 49 citations

Can the ”state-dependency" hypothesis explain prevention of amphetamine sensitization in rats by NMDA receptor antagonists?

1999 • 38 citations

A voltage-clamp analysis of NMDA-induced responses on dopaminergic neurons of the rat subtantia nigra zona compacta and ventral tegmental area

1992 • 37 citations

Acute amphetamine-induced subsensitivity of A10 dopamine autoreceptors in vitro

1991 • 37 citations

Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurones and somatodendritic mechanisms

1979 • 36 citations

Voltammetry in vivo: effect of stressful manipulations and drugs on the caudate nucleus of the rat [proceedings].

1979 • 23 citations

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors mediate a slow excitatory postsynaptic potential in the rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons

1996 • 20 citations