Mechanisms of HIV-associated lymphocyte apoptosis

A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells

1988 • 10,537 citations

Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation.

1992 • 9,540 citations

A novel assay for apoptosis Flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein labelled Annexin V

1995 • 5,208 citations

Induction of Apoptotic Program in Cell-Free Extracts: Requirement for dATP and Cytochrome c

1996 • 5,133 citations

Apoptosis by Death Factor

1997 • 5,038 citations

Caspases: the executioners of apoptosis

1997 • 4,674 citations

FLICE, A Novel FADD-Homologous ICE/CED-3–like Protease, Is Recruited to the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) Death-Inducing Signaling Complex

1996 • 3,065 citations

Two CD95 (APO-1/Fas) signaling pathways

1998 • 3,045 citations

Identification and characterization of a new member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis

1995 • 2,890 citations

Inhibition of death receptor signals by cellular FLIP

1997 • 2,577 citations

A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin-1βprocessing in monocytes

1992 • 2,495 citations

Annexin V for flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on B cells undergoing apoptosis

1994 • 2,450 citations

Bcl-2 and the regulation of programmed cell death

1994 • 2,346 citations

Latent infection of CD4+ T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy

1999 • 2,083 citations

A Combinatorial Approach Defines Specificities of Members of the Caspase Family and Granzyme B

1997 • 2,054 citations

The TNF receptor 1-associated protein TRADD signals cell death and NF-κB activation

1995 • 1,979 citations

TRADD–TRAF2 and TRADD–FADD Interactions Define Two Distinct TNF Receptor 1 Signal Transduction Pathways

1996 • 1,976 citations

Annexin V for flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on B cells undergoing apoptosis

1994 • 1,969 citations

X-linked IAP is a direct inhibitor of cell-death proteases

1997 • 1,961 citations

Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry

1992 • 1,912 citations

Control of TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by a Family of Signaling and Decoy Receptors

1997 • 1,694 citations

Autocrine T-cell suicide mediated by APO-1/(Fas/CD95)

1995 • 1,662 citations

Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 stimulate the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer by activation of the nuclear factor kappa B.

1989 • 1,660 citations

Programmed cell death involved in the schizolysigenous formation of the secretory cavity in Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)

2010 • 1,629 citations

Importance of the nef gene for maintenance of high virus loads and for development of AIDS

1991 • 1,613 citations

Fas(CD95)/FasL interactions required for programmed cell death after T-cell activation

1995 • 1,549 citations

Intracellular heterogeneity in mitochondrial membrane potentials revealed by a J-aggregate-forming lipophilic cation JC-1.

1991 • 1,505 citations

A TH1→TH2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection

1993 • 1,403 citations

Cell-autonomous Fas (CD95)/Fas-ligand interaction mediates activation-induced apoptosis in T-cell hybridomas

1995 • 1,346 citations

Vpr Is Required for Efficient Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 in Mononuclear Phagocytes

1995 • 1,252 citations

FLICE is activated by association with the CD95 death-inducing signaling complex (DISC)

1997 • 1,207 citations

Osteoprotegerin Is a Receptor for the Cytotoxic Ligand TRAIL

1998 • 1,177 citations

Induction of apoptosis in mature T cells by tumour necrosis factor

1995 • 1,139 citations

Ca ²⁺ -Induced Apoptosis Through Calcineurin Dephosphorylation of BAD

1999 • 1,136 citations

Cytometry in cell necrobiology: Analysis of apoptosis and accidental cell death (necrosis)

1997 • 1,082 citations

Thalidomide exerts its inhibitory action on tumor necrosis factor alpha by enhancing mRNA degradation.

1993 • 1,058 citations

Suppression of apoptosis in mammalian cells by NAIP and a related family of IAP genes

1996 • 1,027 citations

J-aggregate formation of a carbocyanine as a quantitative fluorescent indicator of membrane potential

1991 • 1,017 citations

Absence of Intact nef Sequences in a Long-Term Survivor with Nonprogressive HIV-1 Infection

1995 • 1,008 citations

Sensitization of T cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis by HIV-1 Tat and gp120

1995 • 983 citations

JC‐1, but not DiOC₆(3) or rhodamine 123, is a reliable fluorescent probe to assess ΔΨ changes in intact cells: implications for studies on mitochondrial functionality during apoptosis

1997 • 982 citations

MATURE T LYMPHOCYTE APOPTOSIS—Immune Regulation in a Dynamic and Unpredictable Antigenic Environment

1999 • 973 citations

Apoptosis occurs predominantly in bystander cells and not in productively infected cells of HIV- and SIV-infected lymph nodes

1995 • 951 citations

Fas ligand mediates activation-induced cell death in human T lymphocytes.

1995 • 949 citations

Programmed Death of T Cells in HIV-1 Infection

1992 • 932 citations

Activation-induced death by apoptosis in CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic individuals.

1992 • 907 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral protein R (Vpr) arrests cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle by inhibiting p34cdc2 activity

1995 • 885 citations

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Respiratory Burst Activity in Phagocytes With Hydroethidine and 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin

1990 • 869 citations

The Novel Receptor TRAIL-R4 Induces NF-κB and Protects against TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis, yet Retains an Incomplete Death Domain

1997 • 829 citations

Quantifying Residual HIV-1 Replication in Patients Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy

1999 • 824 citations

A new method to detect apoptosis in paraffin sections: in situ end-labeling of fragmented DNA.

1993 • 823 citations

FADD/MORT1 Is a Common Mediator of CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-induced Apoptosis

1996 • 780 citations

Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection with Saquinavir, Zidovudine, and Zalcitabine

1996 • 758 citations

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

1977 • 737 citations

In vitro activation of CPP32 and Mch3 by Mch4, a novel human apoptotic cysteine protease containing two FADD-like domains.

1996 • 731 citations

Fas-mediated apoptosis and activation-induced T-cell proliferation are defective in mice lacking FADD/Mort1

1998 • 704 citations

Crosslinking CD4 by human immunodeficiency virus gp120 primes T cells for activation-induced apoptosis.

1992 • 689 citations

Fas ligand in human serum

1996 • 682 citations

Intracellular Regulation of TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells

1998 • 671 citations

A Selective Procedure for DNA Extraction from Apoptotic Cells Applicable for Gel Electrophoresis and Flow Cytometry

1994 • 670 citations

[29] Mitochondrial membrane potential monitored by JC-1 dye

1995 • 668 citations

Apaf-1 and Caspase-9 in p53-Dependent Apoptosis and Tumor Inhibition

1999 • 663 citations

A rapid and simple method for the isolation of apoptotic DNA fragments

1994 • 660 citations

A conserved family of cellular genes related to the baculovirus iap gene and encoding apoptosis inhibitors.

1996 • 637 citations

Protection against a lethal dose of endotoxin by an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor processing

1994 • 607 citations

Directly measured kinetics of circulating T lymphocytes in normal and HIV-1-infected humans

1999 • 598 citations

Differential Modulation of Apoptosis Sensitivity in CD95 Type I and Type II Cells

1999 • 595 citations

Induction of Apoptosis in Uninfected Lymphocytes by HIV-1 Tat Protein

1995 • 581 citations

Apoptosis in heart failure: Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase-3 in human cardiomyopathy

1999 • 573 citations

Regulation of tumour necrosis factor-α processing by a metalloproteinase inhibitor

1994 • 571 citations

Long-lasting recovery in CD4 T-cell function and viral-load reduction after highly active antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV-1 disease

1998 • 555 citations

Cell dysfunction and depletion in AIDS: the programmed cell death hypothesis

1991 • 548 citations

Fas transduces activation signals in normal human T lymphocytes.

1993 • 521 citations

Cytochrome c and dATP-mediated Oligomerization of Apaf-1 Is a Prerequisite for Procaspase-9 Activation

1999 • 502 citations

Programmed cell death in peripheral lymphocytes from HIV-infected persons: increased susceptibility to apoptosis of CD4 and CD8 T cells correlates with lymphocyte activation and with disease progression.

1996 • 499 citations

Implication of Mitochondrial Hydrogen Peroxide Generation in Ceramide-induced Apoptosis

1997 • 485 citations

Changes in interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 production in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals.

1993 • 484 citations

Tumor necrosis factor alpha functions in an autocrine manner in the induction of human immunodeficiency virus expression.

1990 • 471 citations

Elevated levels of CD38+ CD8+ T cells in HIV infection add to the prognostic value of low CD4+ T cell levels: results of 6 years of follow-up. The Los Angeles Center, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

1993 • 452 citations

Immunological abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected asymptomatic homosexual men. HIV affects the immune system before CD4+ T helper cell depletion occurs.

1988 • 450 citations

The HIV-1 Viral Protein R Induces Apoptosis via a Direct Effect on the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore

2000 • 449 citations

Alpha particles initiate biological production of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in human cells.

1997 • 445 citations

Effect of bcl-2 on Fas antigen-mediated cell death.

1993 • 442 citations

Fas antigen stimulation induces marked apoptosis of T lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.

1995 • 438 citations

HIV-1 Tat protein exits from cells via a leaderless secretory pathway and binds to extracellular matrix-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans through its basic region

1997 • 437 citations

Antigen-like effects of monoclonal antibodies directed at receptors on human T cell clones.

1983 • 435 citations

Immunologic Responses Associated with 12 Weeks of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Consisting of Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Ritonavir: Results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 315

1998 • 431 citations

Apoptosis of CD8+ T cells is mediated by macrophages through interaction of HIV gp120 with chemokine receptor CXCR4

1998 • 411 citations

FLICE Is Predominantly Expressed as Two Functionally Active Isoforms, Caspase-8/a and Caspase-8/b

1997 • 405 citations

Restoration of HIV-Specific Cell-Mediated Immune Responses by Interleukin-12 in Vitro

1993 • 397 citations

Role of interleukin-10 in T helper cell dysfunction in asymptomatic individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

1994 • 393 citations

Analysis of apoptosis in lymph nodes of HIV-infected persons. Intensity of apoptosis correlates with the general state of activation of the lymphoid tissue and not with stage of disease or viral burden.

1995 • 386 citations

HIV-1 Tat potentiates TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation and cytotoxicity by altering the cellular redox state.

1995 • 386 citations

Comparative evaluation of several DNA binding dyes in the detection of apoptosis‐associated chromatin degradation by flow cytometry

1992 • 375 citations

Suppression of signalling through transcription factor NF-AT by interactions between calcineurin and Bcl-2

1997 • 368 citations

Measuring Recent Thymic Emigrants in Blood of Normal and HIV-1–Infected Individuals before and after Effective Therapy

1999 • 354 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr induces apoptosis following cell cycle arrest

1997 • 348 citations

Induction of activation-driven death (apoptosis) in activated but not resting peripheral blood T cells.

1993 • 341 citations

Initial increase in blood CD4+ lymphocytes after HIV antiretroviral therapy reflects redistribution from lymphoid tissues

1999 • 339 citations

Latent reservoirs of HIV: Obstacles to the eradication of virus

1999 • 337 citations

Constraints on CD4 Recovery Postchemotherapy in Adults: Thymic Insufficiency and Apoptotic Decline of Expanded Peripheral CD4 Cells

1997 • 334 citations

DNA double-strand breaks measured in individual cells subjected to gel electrophoresis.

1991 • 330 citations

Programmed Cell Death in AIDS-Related HIV and SIV Infections

1993 • 316 citations

Upregulation of Fas ligand expression by human immunodeficiency virus in human macrophages mediates apoptosis of uninfected T lymphocytes

1996 • 316 citations

Cellular and Anatomical Reservoirs of HIV-1 in Patients Receiving Potent Antiretroviral Combination Therapy

1998 • 310 citations

Caspases Induce Cytochrome c Release from Mitochondria by Activating Cytosolic Factors

1999 • 302 citations

T-cell subset alterations in HIV-infected homosexual men: NIAID multicenter AIDS cohort study

1989 • 297 citations

Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates

1998 • 286 citations

T helper type 1/T helper type 2 cytokines and T cell death: preventive effect of interleukin 12 on activation-induced and CD95 (FAS/APO-1)-mediated apoptosis of CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons.

1995 • 283 citations

IFN-gamma mediates a novel antiviral activity through dynamic modulation of TRAIL and TRAIL receptor expression.

1999 • 273 citations

TRAIL/Apo-2-ligand-induced apoptosis in human T cells

1998 • 273 citations

Interleukin 16 and its function as a CD4 ligand

1996 • 261 citations

Bcl-2 expression prevents activation of the ICE protease cascade.

1996 • 254 citations

Anergy and apoptosis in CD8+ T cells from HIV-infected persons.

1994 • 252 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 negative factor is a transcriptional silencer.

1989 • 243 citations

Macrophage-dependent Apoptosis of CD4+ T Lymphocytes from HIV-infected Individuals Is Mediated by FasL and Tumor Necrosis Factor

1997 • 242 citations

Accelerated apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infected patients and in CD4 cross-linked PBMCs from normal individuals

1993 • 242 citations

HIV-1 Vpr suppresses immune activation and apoptosis through regulation of nuclear factor κB

1997 • 240 citations

Direct Evidence for Thymic Function in Adult Humans

1999 • 236 citations

Effects of mutations within the 3' orf open reading frame region of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) on replication and cytopathogenicity

1986 • 236 citations

Annexin V, the regulator of phosphatidylserine-catalyzed inflammation and coagulation during apoptosis

1997 • 234 citations

Discrepant responses to triple combination antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV disease

1998 • 231 citations

Purification and catalytic properties of human caspase family members

1999 • 231 citations

Modifications of Alkaline Microgel Electrophoresis for Sensitive Detection of DNA Damage

1994 • 230 citations

Fas and activation-induced Fas ligand mediate apoptosis of T cell hybridomas: inhibition of Fas ligand expression by retinoic acid and glucocorticoids.

1995 • 230 citations

Detection of the initial stages of DNA fragmentation in apoptosis.

1993 • 228 citations

Killing HIV-infected cells by transduction with an HIV protease-activated caspase-3 protein

1999 • 226 citations

Cross-linking of CD4 molecules upregulates Fas antigen expression in lymphocytes by inducing interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor- alpha secretion

1994 • 220 citations

Induction of cell differentiation by human immunodeficiency virus 1 vpr

1993 • 214 citations

The role of the Caspase family of cysteine proteases in apoptosis

1997 • 210 citations

Membrane Expression of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins Triggers Apoptosis in CD4 Cells

1993 • 210 citations

Type 1/type 2 cytokine modulation of T-cell programmed cell death as a model for human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis.

1994 • 206 citations

Separable functions of Nef disrupt two aspects of T cell receptor machinery: CD4 expression and CD3 signaling

1997 • 206 citations

Cell cycle-specific effects of tumor necrosis factor.

1984 • 204 citations

CXCR4 and CD4 mediate a rapid CD95-independent cell death in CD4⁺T cells

1998 • 202 citations

Increased membrane permeability of apoptotic thymocytes: A flow cytometric study

1993 • 200 citations

HIV-1 Directly Kills CD4+ T Cells by a Fas-independent Mechanism

1998 • 199 citations

Accelerated apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infected patients and in CD4 cross-linked PBMCs from normal individuals

1993 • 197 citations

Apoptosis mediated by HIV protease is preceded by cleavage of Bcl-2.

1996 • 195 citations

Evasion of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Responses by Nef-dependent Induction of Fas Ligand (CD95L) Expression on Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Cells

1997 • 194 citations

Early events in TNF signaling: a story of associations and dissociations

1997 • 194 citations

Expression of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus Nef protein in T cells prevents antigen receptor-mediated induction of interleukin 2 mRNA.

1991 • 192 citations

Characterization of nef sequences in long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

1995 • 191 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Induces Apoptosis and Increases Sensitivity to Apoptotic Signals by Up-Regulating FLICE/Caspase-8

1999 • 191 citations

Cell Cycle Arrest by Vpr in HIV-1 Virions and Insensitivity to Antiretroviral Agents

1998 • 190 citations

Fas-mediated apoptosis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: differential in vitro preventive effect of cytokines and protease antagonists

1996 • 189 citations

Cd8+ Lymphocyte Activation At Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Seroconversion: Development Of Hla-Dr+ Cd38- Cd8+ Cells Is Associated With Subsequent Stable Cd4+ Cell Levels

1994 • 189 citations

Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme–like Protease Involvement in Fas-induced and Activation-induced Peripheral Blood T Cell Apoptosis in HIV Infection. TNF-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand Can Mediate Activation-induced T Cell Death in HIV Infection

1997 • 188 citations

Differential Effects of nef on HIV Replication: Implications for Viral Pathogenesis in the Host

1989 • 183 citations

HIV-1 Nef increases T cell activation in a stimulus-dependent manner

1999 • 180 citations

Processing of the precursor of NF-κB by the HIV-1 protease during acute infection

1991 • 178 citations

A role for natural simian immunodeficiency virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef alleles in lymphocyte activation

1997 • 178 citations

The fight of viruses against apoptosis

1998 • 177 citations

The significance of activation markers on CD8 lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency syndrome: staging and prognostic value

1992 • 174 citations

High expression of APO-1 (CD95) on T lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected children [letter]

1994 • 174 citations

Extracellular Vpr protein increases cellular permissiveness to human immunodeficiency virus replication and reactivates virus from latency

1995 • 172 citations

TNF Receptor Death Domain-associated Proteins TRADD and FADD Signal Activation of Acid Sphingomyelinase

1998 • 171 citations

Vpr Stimulates Viral Expression and Induces Cell Killing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Dividing Jurkat T Cells

1998 • 168 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Inhibitor Modulates Activation of Peripheral Blood CD4+ T Cells and Decreases Their Susceptibility to Apoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo

1999 • 168 citations

Monocytes express Fas ligand upon CD4 cross-linking and induce CD4+ T cells apoptosis: a possible mechanism of bystander cell death in HIV infection.

1997 • 167 citations

Toward HIV Eradication or Remission: The Tasks Ahead

1998 • 162 citations

Bcl-2 Prevents Caspase-independent Cell Death

1998 • 162 citations

Role of Fas Ligand and Receptor in the Mechanism of T-Cell Depletion in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Effect on CD4+ Lymphocyte Depletion and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication

1997 • 159 citations

Macromolecular substrates for the ICE-like proteases during apoptosis

1997 • 158 citations

In vivo analysis of Fas/FasL interactions in HIV-infected patients.

1998 • 153 citations

Limited CD4+ T-cell renewal in early HIV-1 infection: Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy

1998 • 153 citations

Programmed death of T cells in human immunodeficiency virus infection. No correlation with progression to disease.

1994 • 152 citations

Activation of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) system in T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infected children

1996 • 150 citations

Tat as one key to HIV-induced immune pathogenesis and Pat toxoid as an important component of a vaccine

1999 • 148 citations

Bcl-2–Mediated Drug Resistance

1999 • 147 citations

Tumour necrosis factors (α, β) induced by HIV-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells potentiate virus replication

1990 • 145 citations

Apoptotic DNA fragmentation is detected by a semi-quantitative ligation-mediated PCR of blunt DNA ends

1997 • 142 citations

Distinct Mechanisms Trigger Apoptosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected and in Uninfected Bystander T Lymphocytes

1998 • 140 citations

Treatment of resistant aphthous ulceration with thalidomide in patients positive for HIV antibody.

1989 • 138 citations

Organelle-specific probe JC-1 identifies membrane potential differences in the mitochondrial function of bovine sperm

1999 • 137 citations

The expression of Fas Ligand by macrophages and its upregulation by human immunodeficiency virus infection.

1998 • 137 citations

The HIV-1 vpr Protein Acts as a Negative Regulator of Apoptosis in a Human Lymphoblastoid T Cell Line: Possible Implications for the Pathogenesis of AIDS

1998 • 136 citations

IL-16 inhibition of CD3-dependent lymphocyte activation and proliferation.

1996 • 135 citations

Immunohistochemical localization of interleukin-1β, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-1β converting enzyme/caspase-1 in the rat brain after peripheral administration of kainic acid

1999 • 135 citations

Activation of CD8⁺T lymphocytes through the T cell receptor turns on CD4 gene expression: Implications for HIV pathogenesis

1998 • 134 citations

A flow-cytometric method for the separation and quantitation of normal and apoptotic thymocytes

1992 • 132 citations

Inhibition of activation-induced programmed cell death and restoration of defective immune responses of HIV+ donors by cysteine protease inhibitors.

1994 • 131 citations

IL-15 enhances immune functions during HIV infection.

1997 • 129 citations

Improvement in Cell-Mediated Immune Function during Potent Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Therapy with Ritonavir plus Saquinavir

1998 • 128 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein inhibits activation pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T-cell lines

1995 • 128 citations

HIV-1 envelope induces activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of focal adhesion kinase in primary human CD4⁺T cells

2000 • 128 citations

Anti-Fas monoclonal antibody is cytocidal to human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells without augmenting viral replication.

1990 • 127 citations

The Fas receptor in HIV infection

1996 • 126 citations

Differential Susceptibility to Activation-Induced Apoptosis Among Peripheral Th1 Subsets: Correlation with Bcl-2 Expression and Consequences for AIDS Pathogenesis

1998 • 125 citations

Long-term evaluation of T-cell subsets and T-cell function after HAART in advanced stage HIV-1 disease

1999 • 123 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein inhibits NF-kappa B induction in human T cells

1992 • 123 citations

Apoptosis: An Overview of the Process and Its Relevance in Disease

1997 • 121 citations

Mathematical Analysis of Antiretroviral Therapy Aimed at HIV-1 Eradication or Maintenance of Low Viral Loads

1998 • 121 citations

IL-2 rescues in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis in patients with HIV infection: correlation with its ability to block culture-induced down-modulation of Bcl-2.

1996 • 119 citations

Increased surface phosphatidylserine is an early marker of neuronal apoptosis

1997 • 116 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Protein Sensitizes CD4+ T Lymphoid Cells to Apoptosis via Functional Upregulation of the CD95/CD95 Ligand Pathway

1999 • 116 citations

An active-site mutation in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteinase (PR) causes reduced PR activity and loss of PR-mediated cytotoxicity without apparent effect on virus maturation and infectivity

1995 • 113 citations

Production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in patients with AIDS. Enhanced level of TNF-alpha is related to a higher cytotoxic activity.

1989 • 112 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr Functions as an Immediate-Early Protein during HIV-1 Infection

1999 • 110 citations

Bcl-2 blocks degranulation but not fas-based cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

1995 • 109 citations

HIV‐1 upregulates Fas ligand expression in CD4⁺ T cells in vitro and in vivo : association with Fas‐mediated apoptosis and modulation by aurintricarboxylic acid

1996 • 105 citations

Apoptotic depletion of CD4+ T cells in idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia.

1996 • 105 citations

Dynamic correlation of apoptosis and immune activation during treatment of HIV infection

1999 • 100 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef and p56lck protein-tyrosine kinase interact with a common element in CD4 cytoplasmic tail.

1995 • 100 citations

Overexpression of Fas antigen on T cells in advanced HIV-1 infection: differential ligation constantly induces apoptosis

1996 • 100 citations

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and lymphotoxin (TNF-β)

1992 • 97 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mediates Both Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Proliferation in a Human Hematopoietic Cell Line Dependent on Mitotic Activity and Receptor Subtype Expression

1999 • 94 citations

Inhibition of transformed T cell growth in vitro by monoclonal antibodies directed against distinct activating molecules.

1988 • 94 citations

Decreased HIV-Associated T Cell Apoptosis by HIV Protease Inhibitors

2000 • 93 citations

Role of the Fas/Fas Ligand Apoptotic Pathway in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Disease

1998 • 91 citations

HIV-1 protease inhibitor ritonavir modulates susceptibility to apoptosis of uninfected T cells.

1999 • 91 citations

TRAIL Death Pathway Expression and Induction in Thyroid Follicular Cells

1999 • 91 citations

Effect of combination antiretroviral therapy upon rectal mucosal HIV RNA burden and mononuclear cell apoptosis

1998 • 88 citations

Pentoxifylline decreases tumor necrosis factor expression and serum triglycerides in people with AIDS. NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group.

1993 • 88 citations

T cell activation-induced and HIV Tat-enhanced CD95(APO-1 / Fas) ligand transcription involves NF-κB

2000 • 88 citations

Early effects of antiretroviral combination therapy on activation, apoptosis and regeneration of T cells in HIV-1-infected children and adolescents

1999 • 88 citations

Patterns of T-Cell Repopulation, Virus Load Reduction, and Restoration of T-Cell Function in HIV-Infected Persons During Therapy With Different Antiretroviral Agents

1997 • 87 citations

Changes in cytokine secretion patterns of CD4+ T-cell clones in human immunodeficiency virus infection

1994 • 86 citations

The inhibition of pro-apoptotic ICE-like proteases enhances HIV replication

1997 • 85 citations

Modulation of Bcl-2 Protein by CD4 Cross-Linking: A Possible Mechanism for Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and for Rescue of Apoptosis by Interleukin-2

1997 • 85 citations

Expression of the fas antigen in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus

1995 • 85 citations

Surface T cell Fas receptor/CD95 regulation, in vivo activation, and apoptosis. Activation-induced death can occur without Fas receptor.

1996 • 84 citations

Antigen-stimulated apoptotic T-cell death in HIV infection is selective for CD4+T cells, modulated by cytokines and effected by lymphotoxin

1996 • 83 citations

The implication of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in HIV-1 envelope protein-induced apoptosis is independent of the G protein-mediated signalling

1999 • 82 citations

Apoptotic cell death upon contact of CD4+ T lymphocytes with HIV glycoprotein-expressing cells is mediated by caspases but bypasses CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) and TNF receptor 1.

1997 • 79 citations

CD4+ blood lymphocytes are rapidly killed in vitro by contact with autologous human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells.

1995 • 78 citations

Productive Infection of Neonatal CD8+ T Lymphocytes by HIV-1

1998 • 78 citations

Priming of human CD4+ antigen-specific T cells to undergo apoptosis by HIV-infected monocytes. A two-step mechanism involving the gp120 molecule.

1997 • 75 citations

The apoptotic cysteine protease CPP32

1997 • 75 citations

Membrane and Soluble Forms of Fas (CD95) and Fas Ligand in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and in Plasma from Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Persons

1998 • 72 citations

Apoptosis of CD4+and CD19+Cells during Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection—Correlation with Clinical Progression, Viral Load, and Loss of Humoral Immunity

1997 • 71 citations

Fas (CD95) expression on CD4+ T cells from HIV-infected patients increases with disease progression

1995 • 71 citations

Inhibition of Immunoreactive Tumor Necrosis Factor- by a Chimeric Antibody in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

1996 • 69 citations

The HIV‐1 Vpr displays strong anti‐apoptotic activity

1998 • 65 citations

The CXCR4 Antagonist AMD3100 Efficiently Inhibits Cell-Surface-Expressed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope-Induced Apoptosis

2000 • 64 citations

Further characterisation of the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) assay for the flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in drug resistant and drug sensitive leukaemic cells

1995 • 64 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Protein Sensitizes CD4+ T Lymphoid Cells to Apoptosis via Functional Upregulation of the CD95/CD95 Ligand Pathway

1999 • 64 citations

Could Nef and Vpr Proteins Contribute to Disease Progression by Promoting Depletion of Bystander Cells and Prolonged Survival of HIV-Infected Cells?

2000 • 64 citations

Determination of triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester hydroperoxides in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric postcolumn detection

1993 • 62 citations

Correlation of serum cytokine levels with haematological abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus infection

1990 • 61 citations

Cutting Edge: RANTES Regulates Fas Ligand Expression and Killing by HIV-Specific CD8 Cytotoxic T Cells

1999 • 61 citations

Retinoic acid inhibition of ex vivo human immunodeficiency virus-associated apoptosis of peripheral blood cells.

1995 • 60 citations

Activation-induced peripheral blood T cell apoptosis is Fas independent in HIV-infected individuals

1996 • 60 citations

HIV‐1 Nef protein‐induced apoptotic cytolysis of a broad spectrum of uninfected human blood cells independently of CD95(Fas)

1997 • 59 citations

Diminished Spontaneous Apoptosis in Lymphocytes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Long‐Term Nonprogressors

1998 • 58 citations

Functional assay of multidrug resistant cells using JC-1, a carbocyanine fluorescent probe

1997 • 58 citations

Interleukin-15 Triggers Activation and Growth of the CD8 T-Cell Pool in Extravascular Tissues of Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

1997 • 54 citations

Use of flow cytometry techniques in studying mechanisms of apoptosis in leukemic cells

1997 • 54 citations

HIV-1 Nef activity in murine T cells. CD4 modulation and positive enhancement.

1994 • 54 citations

HIV-induced apoptosis of activated primary CD4+ T lymphocytes is not mediated by Fas–Fas ligand

1997 • 54 citations

Tumor necrosis factor alpha and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection

1994 • 53 citations

Reduction in T Cell Apoptosis in Patients with HIV Disease Following Antiretroviral Therapy

1999 • 53 citations

The carboxyl-terminal region of HIV-1 Nef protein is a cell surface domain that can interact with CD4+ T cells.

1994 • 52 citations

Differential Susceptibility to HIV-GP120–Sensitized Apoptosis in CD4+ T-Cell Clones With Different T-Helper Phenotypes: Role of CD95/CD95L Interactions

1997 • 49 citations

Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor- Receptor Type II (sTNF RII) Correlates with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) RNA Copy Number in HIV-Infected Patients

1996 • 49 citations

Anti-retroviral therapy reverses HIV-associated abnormalities in lymphocyte apoptosis

1998 • 49 citations

Activation-Induced CD4+ T Cell Death in HIV-Positive Individuals Correlates with Fas Susceptibility, CD4+ T Cell Count, and HIV Plasma Viral Copy Number

1999 • 49 citations

Synergistic stimulatory effects of tumour necrosis factor α and interferon γ on replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and on apoptosis of HIV‐1‐infected host cells

1996 • 47 citations

Kinetics of the Changes of Lymphocyte Subsets Defined by Cytokine Production at Single Cell Level During Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection

1999 • 47 citations

HIV-1 Protease Cleaves Actin During Acute Infection of Human T-Lymphocytes

1992 • 47 citations

Comparison of Seven Quantitative Assays to Assess Lymphocyte Cell Death during HIV Infection: Measurement of Induced Apoptosis in Anti-Fas-Treated Jurkat Cells and Spontaneous Apoptosis in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Children Infected with HIV

1998 • 46 citations

Apoptosis induced by HIV infection in H9 T cells is blocked by ICE-family protease inhibition but not by a Fas(CD95) antagonist.

1996 • 46 citations

Wortmannin enhances activation of CPP32 (Caspase-3) induced by TNF or anti-Fas

1998 • 45 citations

Membrane-expressed HIV envelope glycoprotein heterodimer is a powerful inducer of cell death in uninfected CD4+ target cells

1995 • 45 citations

The carboxyl-terminal region of HIV-1 Nef protein is a cell surface domain that can interact with CD4+ T cells.

1994 • 45 citations

Simultaneous determination of hydroperoxides of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol esters and triacylglycerols by column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography with a post-column detection system

1993 • 44 citations

Activation of antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by interleukin-15 without the mitogenic effect of interleukin-2 that may induce human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression.

1996 • 43 citations

Analysis of Apoptosis by Flow Cytometry

2003 • 43 citations

Recombinant human IL-16 inhibits HIV-1 replication and protects against activation-induced cell death (AICD)

1998 • 42 citations

Downregulation of Bcl-2, but Not of Bax or Bcl-x, Is Associated with T Lymphocyte Apoptosis in HIV Infection and Restored by Antiretroviral Therapy or by Interleukin 2

1999 • 41 citations

Common structural features among monoclonal antibodies binding the same antigenic region of cytochrome c

1991 • 40 citations

Growth inhibition of human T cells by antibodies recognizing the T cell antigen receptor complex.

1987 • 40 citations

High-performance liquid chromatography and post-column derivatization with diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine for fluorimetric determination of triacylglycerol hydroperoxides

1992 • 38 citations

Molecular and Cellular Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoblastoid T-Cell-Line-Expressing Wild-Type and Mutated CD4 Receptors

1998 • 37 citations

Protease-defective, gp120-containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles induce apoptosis more efficiently than does wild-type virus or recombinant gp120 protein in healthy donor-derived peripheral blood T cells

1997 • 37 citations

An Aromatic Phosphine Reagent for the HPLC-Fluorescence Determination of Hydroperoxides - Determination of Phosphatidylcholine Hydroperoxides in Human Plasma

1988 • 36 citations

Apoptosis induced by a chimeric Fas/FLICE receptor: lack of requirement for Fas- or FADD-binding proteins.

1998 • 35 citations

Raised levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and neopterin, but not interferon-alpha, in serum of HIV-1-infected patients from Ethiopia

1993 • 34 citations

Phenotypic characteristics and tendency to apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV+ long term non progressors

1997 • 33 citations

A monoclonal antibody specific for a cytochrome c T cell stimulatory peptide inhibits T cell responses and affects the way the peptide associates with antigen‐presenting cells

1991 • 33 citations

Normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorimetric postcolumn detection system for lipid hydroperoxides

1993 • 32 citations

Correlates of Apoptosis of CD4⁺and CD8⁺T Cells in Tonsillar Tissue in HIV Type 1 Infection

1998 • 32 citations

CD4+-T-cell counts, spontaneous apoptosis, and Fas expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected subjects

1997 • 32 citations

Cytotoxic Monocytes in the Blood of HIV Type 1-Infected Subjects Destroy Targeted T Cells in a CD95-Dependent Fashion

1997 • 32 citations

Downregulation of T cell responses by antibodies to the T cell receptor.

1987 • 31 citations

Comparison of plasma cytokine levels in African patients with HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection

1994 • 31 citations

Leukocyte function-associated antigen-1-dependent lysis of Fas+ (CD95+/Apo-1+) innocent bystanders by antigen-specific CD8+ CTL.

1997 • 30 citations

Study of Spontaneous Apoptosis in HIV⁺Patients: Correlation with Clinical Progression and T Cell Loss

1997 • 30 citations

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Undergoing In Vitro Apoptosis After Isolation From Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Children

1998 • 30 citations

Exposure of resting peripheral blood T cells to HIV-1 particles generates CD25+ killer cells in a small subset, leading to induction of apoptosis in bystander cells

1997 • 29 citations

Early T‐Cell Apoptosis and Fas Expression During Antiretroviral Therapy in Individuals Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐1

1998 • 29 citations

Adaptation of the TdT assay for semi‐quantitative flow cytometric detection of DNA strand breaks

1995 • 29 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Circulating Immune Complexes in Infected Children

1990 • 28 citations

In vitro immunologic and virologic effects of interleukin 15 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients

1997 • 27 citations

Cutting Edge: Apoptosis Induced by a Chimeric Fas/FLICE Receptor: Lack of Requirement for Fas- or FADD-Binding Proteins

1998 • 25 citations

CD95 Expression and Apoptosis during Pediatric HIV Infection: Early Upregulation of CD95 Expression

1998 • 24 citations

Delayed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Induced Apoptosis in Cells Expressing Truncated Forms of CD4

1998 • 23 citations

Elevated Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Zairian Neonate Plasmas: Implications for Perinatal Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

1994 • 23 citations

Costimulatory Pathways Mediate Monocyte-Dependent Lymphocyte Apoptosis in HIV

1999 • 23 citations

Immunophenotypic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Undergoing In Vitro Apoptosis After Isolation From Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Children

1998 • 23 citations

Comparative analysis of constitutive cytokine expression in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of HIV-infected individuals

1994 • 21 citations

T-cell death by apoptosis in vertically human immunodeficiency virus- infected children coincides with expansion of CD8+/interleukin-2 receptor-/HLA-DR+ T cells: sign of a possible role for herpes viruses as cofactors?

1995 • 21 citations

All‐TransRetinoic Acid Inhibition of Anti‐CD3–Induced T Cell Apoptosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Mostly Concerns CD4 T Lymphocytes and Is Mediated via Regulation of CD95 Ligand Expression

1998 • 20 citations

Analysis of Apoptosis by Flow Cytometry

2020 • 19 citations

Agents that mimic antigen receptor signaling inhibit proliferation of cloned murine T lymphocytes induced by IL-2

1989 • 18 citations

Prediction of Imminent Complications in HIV-1–Infected Patients by Markers of Lymphocyte Apoptosis

2000 • 17 citations

Circulating immune complexes from HIV‐1⁺ patients induces apoptosis on‘qc normal lymphocytes

1997 • 17 citations

Agents that mimic antigen receptor signaling inhibit proliferation of cloned murine T lymphocytes induced by IL-2.

1988 • 17 citations

Fas/FasL Interaction Is Not Involved in Apoptosis of Activated CD4+ T Cells Upon HIV-1 Infection in Vitro

1998 • 16 citations

Phase I/II study of pentoxifylline with zidovudine on HIV-1 growth in AIDS patients.

1993 • 12 citations

Prediction of Imminent Complications in HIV-1–Infected Patients by Markers of Lymphocyte Apoptosis

2000 • 11 citations

Screening of Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease Using anEscherichia coliCell Assay

1997 • 11 citations

Reduction and repopulation of T-lymphocytes after cytoreductive therapy with or without autologous bone marrow rescue.

1986 • 10 citations

Effects of Total Lymphoid Irradiation on SIV-infected Macaques

1995 • 7 citations

Interleukin 15

1997 • 7 citations