Cysteine Proteases and Their Inhibitors

Tissue sulfhydryl groups

1959 • 25,130 citations

On the size of the active site in proteases. I. Papain

1967 • 5,150 citations

Dystrophin: The protein product of the duchenne muscular dystrophy locus

1987 • 4,477 citations

Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis

1995 • 4,003 citations

The C. elegans cell death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1β-converting enzyme

1993 • 2,484 citations

The kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions with two or more substrates or products

1963 • 1,885 citations

Esters of Methanesulfonic Acid as Irreversible Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase

1962 • 1,510 citations

Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by IL-1β-converting enzyme, a mammalian homolog of the C. elegans cell death gene ced-3

1993 • 1,387 citations

Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis.

1996 • 1,333 citations

CPP32, a novel human apoptotic protein with homology to Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein Ced-3 and mammalian interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme.

1994 • 1,239 citations

L-trans-Epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido(4-guanidino)butane (E-64) and its analogues as inhibitors of cysteine proteinases including cathepsins B, H and L

1982 • 1,024 citations

Structure and mechanism of interleukin-lβ converting enzyme

1994 • 842 citations

The cystatins: Protein inhibitors of cysteine proteinases

1991 • 813 citations

Cathelicidins: a novel protein family with a common proregion and a variable C‐terminal antimicrobial domain

1995 • 714 citations

Cathepsin K, but Not Cathepsins B, L, or S, Is Abundantly Expressed in Human Osteoclasts

1996 • 706 citations

Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry

1991 • 691 citations

Induction of apoptosis by the mouse Nedd2 gene, which encodes a protein similar to the product of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell death gene ced-3 and the mammalian IL-1 beta-converting enzyme.

1994 • 596 citations

The refined 2.15 A X-ray crystal structure of human liver cathepsin B: the structural basis for its specificity.

1991 • 595 citations

The 2.0 A X-ray crystal structure of chicken egg white cystatin and its possible mode of interaction with cysteine proteinases.

1988 • 584 citations

Crystal structure of the cysteine protease interleukin-1β-converting enzyme: A (p20/p10)2 homodimer

1994 • 567 citations

Immunostaining of skeletal and cardiac muscle surface membrane with antibody against Duchenne muscular dystrophy peptide

1988 • 564 citations

Many Transcription Factors Interact Synergistically with Steroid Receptors

1988 • 517 citations

Structure of papain refined at 1.65 Å resolution

1984 • 508 citations

Proteolytic Activity of Human Osteoclast Cathepsin K

1996 • 494 citations

CPP32/Apopain Is a Key Interleukin 1β Converting Enzyme-like Protease Involved in Fas-mediated Apoptosis

1996 • 480 citations

Immunoelectron microscopic localization of dystrophin in myofibres

1988 • 447 citations

Cysteine proteases of positive strand RNA viruses and chymotrypsin‐like serine proteases

1989 • 446 citations

A proteasome-related gene between the two ABC transporter loci in the class II region of the human MHC

1991 • 427 citations

Human Cathepsin O2, a Matrix Protein-degrading Cysteine Protease Expressed in Osteoclasts

1996 • 427 citations

Degradation of extracellular-matrix proteins by human cathepsin B from normal and tumour tissues

1992 • 417 citations

Proteasomes: multicatalytic proteinase complexes

1993 • 395 citations

Further studies on the activation of procollagenase, the latent precursor of bone collagenase. Effects of lysosomal cathepsin B, plasmin and kallikrein, and spontaneous activation

1977 • 389 citations

Alignment/Phylogeny of the Papain Superfamily of Cysteine Proteases

1995 • 387 citations

Intracellular Ca2+-dependent protease (CALPAIN) and its high-molecular-weight endogenous inhibitor (CALPASTATIN)

1981 • 374 citations

Molecular Cloning of Human cDNA for Cathepsin K: Novel Cysteine Proteinase Predominantly Expressed in Bone

1995 • 357 citations

Binding of chloromethyl ketone substrate analogs to crystalline papain

1976 • 352 citations

Cathepsin L

1977 • 341 citations

Evolutionary origin of a calcium-dependent protease by fusion of genes for a thiol protease and a calcium-binding protein?

1984 • 337 citations

Fluoro ketone inhibitors of hydrolytic enzymes

1985 • 336 citations

Apoptosis and the cell cycle

1995 • 334 citations

Human cathepsin B1. Purification and some properties of the enzyme

1973 • 322 citations

Cystatin, a protein inhibitor of cysteine proteinases. Improved purification from egg white, characterization, and detection in chicken serum

1983 • 311 citations

Structural and serological similarity of MHC-linked LMP and proteasome (multicatalytic proteinase) complexes

1991 • 310 citations

Pericellular mobilization of the tissue-destructive cysteine proteinases, cathepsins B, L, and S, by human monocyte-derived macrophages.

1995 • 309 citations

Calcium‐dependent proteases: an enzyme system active at cellular membranes?

1987 • 308 citations

Picornaviral 3C cysteine proteinases have a fold similar to chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases

1994 • 308 citations

The cystatins: a new class of peptidase inhibitors

1987 • 293 citations

Calpain inhibition: an overview of its therapeutic potential

1994 • 280 citations

Thiol proteases

1985 • 274 citations

Calcium‐activated neutral protease and its endogenous inhibitor Activation at the cell membrane and biological function

1987 • 273 citations

Novel epoxysuccinyl peptides Selective inhibitors of cathepsin B, in vitro

1991 • 271 citations

Structure-based inhibitor design by using protein models for the development of antiparasitic agents.

1993 • 265 citations

The Crystal Structure of Cruzain: A Therapeutic Target for Chagas' Disease

1995 • 264 citations

The multiple forms of trypsin-like activity present in various strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis are due to the presence of either Arg-gingipain or Lys-gingipain

1995 • 262 citations

Activation of interleukin‐ 1β by a co‐induced protease

1989 • 254 citations

Synthesis of a new cell penetrating calpain inhibitor (calpeptin)

1988 • 254 citations

[33] Catalytic mechanism in papain family of cysteine peptidases

1994 • 253 citations

Azasteroids: structure-activity relationships for inhibition of 5.alpha.-reductase and of androgen receptor binding

1986 • 252 citations

Enzyme Nomenclature. Recommendations 1992

1994 • 247 citations

Inhibition of serine proteases by peptidyl fluoromethyl ketones

1986 • 242 citations

Activation of Skeletal Muscle Phosphorylase b Kinase by CA^{2+ *}

1964 • 240 citations

Activation of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase by calcium ions. II. Identification of the kinase activating factor as a proteolytic enzyme

1968 • 238 citations

Yeast KEX2 gene encodes an endopeptidase homologous to subtilisin-like serine proteases

1988 • 236 citations

Homology of amino acid sequences of rat liver cathepsins B and H with that of papain.

1983 • 231 citations

Membrane targeting of the small GTPase Rab9 is accompanied by nucleotide exchange

1994 • 230 citations

Identification and Characterization of CPP32/Mch2 Homolog 1, a Novel Cysteine Protease Similar to CPP32

1996 • 223 citations

Bacterial growth blocked by a synthetic peptide based on the structure of a human proteinase inhibitor

1989 • 222 citations

Action of rat liver cathepsin L on collagen and other substrates.

1982 • 221 citations

Novel epoxysuccinyl peptides A selective inhibitor of cathepsin B, in vivo

1991 • 213 citations

Identification of the probable inhibitory reactive sites of the cysteine proteinase inhibitors human cystatin C and chicken cystatin.

1987 • 212 citations

Calcium and cell function

1983 • 207 citations

Lysosomal Cysteine Proteinases

1980 • 206 citations

Potency and Selectivity of the Cathepsin L Propeptide as an Inhibitor of Cysteine Proteases

1996 • 193 citations

Human cathepsin H

1980 • 193 citations

Enzyme Inhibitors as Drugs

1980 • 190 citations

Molecular Cloning and Structural Characterization of the Arg-gingipain Proteinase of Porphyromonas gingivalis

1995 • 180 citations

Crystal structure of cathepsin B inhibited with CA030 at 2.0-.ANG. resolution: A basis for the design of specific epoxysuccinyl inhibitors

1995 • 177 citations

In vitro and in vivo inhibition of cysteine proteinases by EST, a new analog of E-64.

1986 • 175 citations

Cloning and sequencing of papain-encoding cDNA

1986 • 173 citations

Structure of rat procathepsin B: model for inhibition of cysteine protease activity by the proregion

1996 • 170 citations

Interleukin‐1βconverting enzyme: A novel cysteine protease required for IL‐1β production and implicated in programmed cell death

1995 • 170 citations

Aldehydes as Inhibitors of Papain

1972 • 169 citations

Estrogen binding proteins of calf uterus. Molecular and functional characterization of the receptor transforming factor: A Ca2+-activated protease.

1977 • 167 citations

Current problems in mechanistic studies of serine and cysteine proteinases

1982 • 165 citations

Endogenous inhibitor for calcium-dependent cysteine protease contains four internal repeats that could be responsible for its multiple reactive sites.

1987 • 164 citations

Identification of two protease inhibitors from bovine cardiac muscle.

1978 • 163 citations

The Chemistry of the sulphonium group

1981 • 163 citations

Proteolysis of tau by calpain

1989 • 162 citations

A comparison of four cathepsins (B, L, N and S) with collagenolytic activity from rabbit spleen

1988 • 158 citations

Some kinetic properties of a cysteine proteinase (cruzipain) from Trypanosoma cruzi

1990 • 158 citations

Crystal Structure of a Conserved Protease That Binds DNA: the Bleomycin Hydrolase, Gal6

1995 • 157 citations

Spiro indolinone beta-lactams, inhibitors of poliovirus and rhinovlrus 3C-proteinases

1990 • 157 citations

Cysteine proteinases of parasitic protozoa

1990 • 155 citations

ON THE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES OF ANIMAL TISSUES

1952 • 153 citations

Primary structure of a new cysteine proteinase inhibitor from pig leucocytes

1989 • 152 citations

Crystal structure of a papain-E-64 complex

1989 • 150 citations

Expression of Rat Cathepsin S in Phagocytic Cells

1996 • 146 citations

Calmodulin Antagonists and Cellular Physiology

1985 • 144 citations

Inhibition of calpain by a synthetic oligopeptide corresponding to an exon of the human calpastatin gene

1989 • 142 citations

Peptidyl (acyloxy)methyl ketones and the quiescent affinity label concept: the departing group as a variable structural element in the design of inactivators of cysteine proteinases

1991 • 142 citations

Human Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Shares Structural and Functional Homologies with E. coli Protease III

1988 • 141 citations

.alpha.-Diketone and .alpha.-keto ester derivatives of N-protected amino acids and peptides as novel inhibitors of cysteine and serine proteinases

1990 • 141 citations

Procathepsin L Degrades Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Presence of Glycosaminoglycans in Vitro

1995 • 140 citations

The design of peptidyldiazomethane inhibitors to distinguish between the cysteine proteinases calpain II, cathepsin L and cathepsin B

1988 • 139 citations

Peptidyl vinyl sulphones: a new class of potent and selective cysteine protease inhibitors: S2P2 specificity of human cathepsin O2 in comparison with cathepsins S and L

1996 • 139 citations

Crystal structures of human procathepsin B at 3.2 and 3.3 Å resolution reveal an interaction motif between a papain‐like cysteine protease and its propeptide

1996 • 139 citations

Stars within the Large Magellanic Cloud as potential lenses for observed microlensing events

1994 • 134 citations

Affinity purification and biochemical characterization of histolysin, the major cysteine proteinase of Entamoeba histolytica

1988 • 134 citations

Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance of the gramicidin A backbone in a phospholipid bilayer

1991 • 132 citations

Conversion of proinsulin to insulin: involvement of a 31,500 molecular weight thiol protease.

1982 • 132 citations

Plasmodium falciparum: Effects of Proteinase Inhibitors on Globin Hydrolysis by Cultured Malaria Parasites

1995 • 131 citations

Proteolysis of tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins 1 and 2 by calpain I and II. Difference in sensitivity of assembled and disassembled microtubules

1988 • 130 citations

Über die Proteasen der Magenschleimhaut. Erste Abhandlung über die Enzyme der Leukocyten.

1929 • 129 citations

Peptidmimetica – maßgeschneiderte Enzyminhibitoren

1994 • 128 citations

Ficin and papain inhibitor from chicken egg white

1968 • 127 citations

Synthesis of peptide fluoromethyl ketones and the inhibition of human cathepsin B

1985 • 125 citations

[44] Leukocyte Elastase

1981 • 124 citations

[43] Cathepsin D from porcine and bovine spleen

1981 • 124 citations

Purification and Properties of a New Cathepsin from Rat Liver1

1978 • 122 citations

Stereospecific Synthesis of Peptidyl .alpha.-Keto Amides as Inhibitors of Calpain

1994 • 120 citations

Synthesis and evaluation of an inhibitor of carboxypeptidase A with a Ki value in the femtomolar range

1991 • 119 citations

PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF BEEF SPLEEN CATHEPSIN B

1957 • 119 citations

Role of the Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinase in amebic liver abscess formation in severe combined immunodeficient mice

1995 • 118 citations

X‐ray crystallographic structure of a papain‐leupeptin complex

1993 • 118 citations

Specific covalent modification of thiols: Applications in the study of enzymes and other biomolecules

1979 • 118 citations

Modulation of Cellular Signals by Calpain

1992 • 117 citations

The extracellular neutral cysteine proteinase of Entamoeba histolytica degrades anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a.

1995 • 117 citations

Regulation of activity of calcium activated neutral protease

1988 • 116 citations

The Cysteine proteinases

1976 • 115 citations

Hormone processing and membrane-bound proteinases in yeast.

1985 • 114 citations

The Preparation of Catalytically Active Human Cathepsin B from Its Precursor Expressed in Escherichia coli in the Form of Inclusion Bodies

1995 • 113 citations

On the Mode of Activation of the Catalytically Essential Sulfhydryl Group of Papain

1973 • 112 citations

Functional expression of falcipain, a Plasmodium falciparum cysteine proteinase, supports its role as a malarial hemoglobinase

1995 • 111 citations

Purification and characterization of two forms of Ca2+-activated neutral protease from calf brain.

1983 • 110 citations

Purification and characterization of a high molecular weight proteinase (macropain) from human erythrocytes

1986 • 107 citations

Calpain inhibition by peptide epoxides

1985 • 106 citations

Homologues of insulinase, a new superfamily of metalloendopeptidases

1991 • 105 citations

Inhibition of calpain in intact platelets by the thiol protease inhibitor E-64d

1989 • 105 citations

All four internally repetitive domains of pig calpastatin possess inhibitory activities against calpains I and II

1987 • 104 citations

Proteases and the emerging role of protease inhibitors in prohormone processing

1994 • 104 citations

Human kidney cathepsins B and L. Characterization and potential role in degradation of glomerular basement membrane

1988 • 102 citations

Bleomycin hydrolase: molecular cloning, sequencing, and biochemical studies reveal membership in the cysteine proteinase family

1989 • 102 citations

[42] Cathepsin G

1981 • 101 citations

Calcium-dependent Golgi-vesicle fusion and cathepsin B in the conversion of proalbumin into albumin in rat liver

1978 • 100 citations

Inhibitions by E-64 Derivatives of Rat Liver Cathepsin B and Cathepsin L In Vitro and In Vivo 1

1980 • 99 citations

Inhibition of the proteolysis of rat erythrocyte membrane proteins by a synthetic inhibitor of calpain

1988 • 99 citations

Effects of proteinase inhibitors on the growth and differentiation ofTrypanosoma cruzi

1994 • 97 citations

Papain Inhibitions by Optically Active E-64 Analogs

1981 • 96 citations

Thermostable Endogenous Inhibitors of Cathepsins B and H

1979 • 96 citations

Calpain Dissociates into Subunits in the Presence Ions

1995 • 95 citations

Degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase by cathepsin B

1980 • 95 citations

Rapid inactivation of cathepsin L by Z-Phe-PheCHN2 and Z-Phe-AlaCHN2

1981 • 95 citations

[34] Cathepsin S and related lysosomal endopeptidases

1994 • 92 citations

New route to substituted piperidines via the Stevens [1,2]-shift of ammonium ylides

1993 • 92 citations

Carboxyl-modified amino acids and peptides as protease inhibitors

1986 • 91 citations

Thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine nucleosides. The synthesis of certain 3-.beta.-D-ribofuranosylthiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines as potential immunotherapeutic agents

1990 • 91 citations

A putative Ca2+-binding protein: structure of the light subunit of porcine calpain elucidated by molecular cloning and protein sequence analysis.

1985 • 91 citations

Cysteine protease inhibition by azapeptide esters

1992 • 89 citations

Analysis of the proteinases of representative Trichomonas vaginalis isolates

1990 • 88 citations

Binding of additional histones to chromatin core particles

1978 • 87 citations

The cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi as a model for antiparasite drug design

1995 • 87 citations

Human cathepsin O. Molecular cloning from a breast carcinoma, production of the active enzyme in Escherichia coli, and expression analysis in human tissues.

1994 • 87 citations

Amino acid sequences of the human kidney cathepsins H and L

1988 • 87 citations

Stereospecific synthesis of racemic daunosamine. Diastereofacial selectivity in a nitrone cycloaddition

1983 • 86 citations

Transition-state stabilization at the oxyanion binding sites of serine and thiol proteinases: hydrolyses of thiono and oxygen esters

1983 • 85 citations

Enzymes that process somatostatin precursors. A novel endoprotease that cleaves before the arginine-lysine doublet is involved in somatostatin-28 convertase activity of rat brain cortex.

1987 • 84 citations

Inhibition of cysteine proteinases in lysosomes and whole cells

1992 • 84 citations

Purification of cathepsin B by a new form of affinity chromatography

1986 • 83 citations

Structural Characterization of Argingipain, a Novel Arginine-Specific Cysteine Proteinase as a Major Periodontal Pathogenic Factor from Porphyromonas gingivalis

1995 • 83 citations

Tumor Cell-Platelet Aggregation: Induced by Cathepsin B-Like Proteinase and Inhibited by Prostacyclin

1982 • 83 citations

Interrelationship of active and latent secreted human cathepsin B precursors

1986 • 82 citations

Photoactivated heterobifunctional cross-linking reagents which demonstrate the aggregation state of phospholipase A₂

1977 • 82 citations

Bovine stefin C, a new member of the stefin family.

1993 • 82 citations

Amino acid sequence of human liver cathepsin B

1985 • 82 citations

Identification and partial purification of a factor that stimulates calcium-dependent proteases

1982 • 81 citations

Therapeutic Approaches Related to Amyloid-.beta. Peptide and Alzheimer's Disease

1995 • 81 citations

BLH1 codes for a yeast thiol aminopeptidase, the equivalent of mammalian bleomycin hydrolase.

1993 • 80 citations

The synthesis of peptidylfluoromethanes and their properties as inhibitors of serine proteinases and cysteine proteinases

1986 • 80 citations

The Occurrence of an Inhibitor of Ca2+-Dependent Neutral Protease in Rat Liver1

1978 • 80 citations

Distribution of post-proline cleaving enzyme in human brain and the peripheral tissues

1980 • 79 citations

Rational design of enzyme inhibitors: multisubstrate analog inhibitors

1989 • 79 citations

[58] Carboxypeptidase inhibitor from potatoes

1981 • 78 citations

Fragmentation of an endogenous inhibitor upon complex formation with high- and low-calcium requiring forms of calcium-activated neutral proteases

1989 • 77 citations

Activation of procathepsin B in human hepatoma cells: the conversion into the mature enzyme relies on the action of cathepsin B itself

1993 • 77 citations

Human cystatin D. cDNA cloning, characterization of the Escherichia coli expressed inhibitor, and identification of the native protein in saliva

1993 • 76 citations

The specificity of the S₁' subsite of cysteine proteases

1993 • 76 citations

The inhibition of macrophage protein turnover by a selective inhibitor of thiol proteinases

1980 • 75 citations

Sequence and expression of the cDNA for MEP (major excreted protein), a transformation-regulated secreted cathepsin

1987 • 73 citations

Inhibition studies of some serine and thiol proteinases by new leupeptin analogs

1993 • 71 citations

Biochemical protozoology

1992 • 71 citations

Photoregulation of enzyme activity. Photochromic, transition-state-analog inhibitors of cysteine and serine proteases

1993 • 71 citations

Evidence for activation of the carbon-oxygen bond of methanol on the palladium(111) surface after low temperature adsorption

1988 • 70 citations

Studies on the Active —SH Group of Papain and on the Mechanism of Papain Activation by Thiols

1963 • 70 citations

Investigation of the substrate specificity of cruzipain, the major cysteine proteinase of Trypanosoma cruzi, through the use of cystatin-derived substrates and inhibitors

1996 • 69 citations

Synthetic inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase

1987 • 69 citations

Reaction of azapeptides with chymotrypsin-like enzymes. New inhibitors and active site titrants for chymotrypsin A alpha, subtilisin BPN', subtilisin Carlsberg, and human leukocyte cathepsin G.

1984 • 68 citations

Reversible covalent inhibition of papain by a peptide nitrile. Carbon-13 NMR evidence for a thioimidate ester adduct

1986 • 67 citations

ON THE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES OF ANIMAL TISSUES

1941 • 67 citations

Conformational studies on somatostatin and analogs

1977 • 66 citations

[18] Bromelain enzymes

1970 • 66 citations

The 1.8 Å structure of the complex between chymostatin and Streptomyces griseus protease A

1985 • 66 citations

Formation of nitridoiron(V) porphyrins detected by resonance Raman spectroscopy

1988 • 64 citations

Inhibition of Epoxide Derivatives on Chicken Calcium-Activated Neutral Protease (CANP) In Vitro and In Vivo1

1980 • 64 citations

A critical examination of transient assignments in the laser flash photolysis of 9-diazofluorene

1982 • 63 citations

Modulation of Calpastatin Specificity in Rat Tissues by Reversible Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation

1994 • 62 citations

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen is a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteinase cathepsin L

1995 • 62 citations

Characterization of [dimethyl N,N'-ethylenebis(L-cysteinato)(2-)-S,S']copper(II), a stable copper(II) aliphatic dithiolate

1986 • 60 citations

Thiol protease-specific inhibitor E-64 arrests human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells at mitotic metaphase.

1988 • 60 citations

Polarization of substrate carbonyl groups by yeast aldolase: investigation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

1983 • 59 citations

Determination of the structure of papaya protease omega

1991 • 58 citations

Cytoadhesion and Falciparum Malaria: Going with the flow

1995 • 58 citations

Inactivation of calpain by peptidyl fluoromethyl ketones

1992 • 57 citations

Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Erythro N-Protected α-Amino Epoxides and Peptidyl Epoxides.

1994 • 57 citations

Identification of two calpastatin forms in rat skeletal muscle and their susceptibility to digestion by homologous calpains

1991 • 56 citations

A comparison of the behavior of chymotrypsin and cathepsin B towards peptidyl diazomethyl ketones

1979 • 56 citations

Evidence for two structurally different forms of skeletal muscle Ca2+-activated protease.

1982 • 56 citations

Active and Inactive Forms of the Transition-state Analog Protease Inhibitor Leupeptin: Explanation of the Observed Slow Binding of Leupeptin to Cathepsin B and Papain

1989 • 56 citations

A membrane-bound, calcium-dependent protease in yeast α-cell cleaving on the carboxyl side of paired basic residues

1987 • 55 citations

Synthesis and evaluation of azapeptide-derived inhibitors of serine and cysteine proteases

1992 • 55 citations

Biosynthesis and processing of lysosomal cathepsin L in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes

1988 • 55 citations

Neue Enzyminhibitoren aus Mikroorganismen

1979 • 54 citations

Improved purification of cathepsin B1 and cathepsin B2

1975 • 54 citations

Inhibition of interleukin 1-stimulated cartilage proteoglycan degradation by a lipophilic inactivator of cysteine endopeptidases

1992 • 54 citations

Molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNA for rat cathepsin H Homology in pro‐peptide regions of cysteine proteinases

1987 • 54 citations

Structure and stereochemistry of tetrahedral inhibitor complexes of papain by direct NMR observation

1983 • 53 citations

A unique proenkephalin-converting enzyme purified from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules

1982 • 53 citations

Proteoglycan-degrading enzymes. A radiochemical assay method and the detection of a new enzyme cathepsin F

1977 • 53 citations

Design of enzyme inhibitors as drugs

1989 • 52 citations

Digestion of haemoglobin by schistosomes: 35 years on

1995 • 52 citations

Inhibition of Steroid Glycoalkaloid Accumulation by Arachidonic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids in Potato

1982 • 52 citations

Sequence homologies, hydrophobic profiles and secondary structures of cathepsins B, H and L: comparison with papain and actinidin

1988 • 52 citations

Chemistry and structure of modified uridine dinucleosides are determined by thiolation

1992 • 51 citations

Synthesis and renal vasodilator activity of some dopamine agonist 1-aryl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diols: halogen and methyl analogs of fenoldopam

1986 • 51 citations

Synthesis and evaluation of peptidyl vicinal tricarbonyl monohydrates as inhibitors of hydrolytic enzymes

1993 • 51 citations

Cleavage of oligopeptide side-chains in N-(2-hydroxypropyl)meth-acrylamide copolymers by mixtures of lysosomal enzymes

1988 • 50 citations

[19] Cathepsins

1970 • 49 citations

Comparative behaviour of calpain and cathepsin B toward peptidyl acyloxymethyl ketones, sulphonium methyl ketones and other potential inhibitors of cysteine proteinases

1992 • 49 citations

Improved stereocontrolled synthesis of threo peptidyl epoxides

1994 • 49 citations

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Prolyl Endopeptidase from Human T Cells1

1994 • 49 citations

Probing the functional role of the N-terminal region of cystatins by equilibrium and kinetic studies of the binding of Gly-11 variants of recombinant human cystatin C to target proteinases

1995 • 48 citations

Cathepsin B of Schistosoma mansoni

1996 • 47 citations

Mechanism of action of cysteine proteinases: oxyanion binding site is not essential in the hydrolysis of specific substrates

1985 • 47 citations

Structure-function studies in a series of carboxyl-terminal octapeptide analogs of anaphylatoxin C5a

1992 • 47 citations

The calcium-dependent proteolytic system calpain-calpastatin in Drosophila melanogaster

1988 • 46 citations

Attack of zwitterionic ammonium thiolates on a distorted anilide as a model for the acylation of papain by amides. A simple demonstration of a bell-shaped pH/rate profile

1992 • 46 citations

Chapter 2 Cysteine proteinases

1987 • 46 citations

Mode of binding of E‐64‐c, a potent thiol protease inhibitor, to papain as determined by X‐ray crystal analysis of the complex

1989 • 45 citations

Biosynthesis of lysosomal cathepsins B and H in cultured rat hepatocytes

1988 • 45 citations

Epoxysuccinyl dipeptides as selective inhibitors of cathepsin B

1993 • 45 citations

Luminescence probe and voltammetry study of ion transport during redox switching of poly(pyrrole) thin films

1991 • 44 citations

Protease Activity of in Vitro Transcribed and Translated Caenorhabditis elegans Cell Death Gene (ced-3) Product

1996 • 44 citations

First Examples of Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme

1996 • 43 citations

Endogenous, Ca2+-dependent cysteine-protease cleaves specifically the ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel in skeletal muscle

1994 • 43 citations

Aziridine Analogs of [[trans-(Epoxysuccinyl)-L-leucyl]amino]-4-guanidinobutane (E-64) as Inhibitors of Cysteine Proteases

1995 • 43 citations

Purification of cysteine proteinases from adult Schistosoma mansoni

1987 • 43 citations

E-F Hand Structure-Domain of Calcium-Activated Neutral Protease (CANP) Can Bind Ca2+ Ions1

1987 • 43 citations

Pig leukocyte cysteine proteinase inhibitor (PLCPI), a new member of the stefin family

1993 • 43 citations

Hairpin loop mutations of chicken cystatin have different effects on the inhibition of cathepsin B, cathepsin L and papain

1995 • 42 citations

Synthesis of P1 aspartate-based peptide acyloxymethyl and fluoromethyl ketones as inhibitors of interleukin-1β-converting enzyme

1994 • 42 citations

Purification and Characterization of Cathepsin B from Monkey Skeletal Muscle1

1984 • 42 citations

Biological Functions of Proteinases

1979 • 41 citations

Structural Studies on the Carbohydrate Moieties of Rat Liver Cathepsins B and H1

1985 • 41 citations

Mechanism of the reaction of papain with substrate-derived diazomethyl ketones. Implications for the difference in site specificity of halomethyl ketones for serine proteinases and cysteine proteinases and for stereoelectronic requirements in the papain catalytic mechanism

1978 • 41 citations

Dystrophin immunostaining and freeze-fracture studies of muscles of patients with early stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy

1989 • 41 citations

Aromatic thiazole derivatives: structurally novel and selective serotonin-3 receptor antagonists

1990 • 40 citations

The specificity of clostripain from Clostridium histolyticum

1994 • 40 citations

Cysteine protease activity of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B

1994 • 40 citations

Evidence for active intermediates during the reconstitution of yeast phosphoglycerate mutase

1985 • 40 citations

Medizinische Mikrobiologie

1986 • 39 citations

An ultrastructural evaluation of the effects of cysteine-proteinase inhibitors on osteoclastic resorptive functions

1995 • 39 citations

Interactions of papaya proteinase IV with inhibitors

1990 • 39 citations

Assessment of Cathepsin L Activity by Use of the Inhibitor CA-074 Compared to Cathepsin B Activity in Human Lung Tumor Tissue

1995 • 39 citations

Fluorescence energy-transfer measurements between the calcium binding site and the specificity pocket of bovine trypsin using lanthanide probes

1976 • 38 citations

Modulation of inhibitory efficiency of rat skeletal muscle calpastatin by phosphorylation

1992 • 38 citations

Calpain-Calpastatin Interactions in Epidermoid Carcinoma KB Cells1

1994 • 38 citations

13 Papain, X-Ray Structure

1971 • 38 citations

Crystal and molecular structure of the sulfhydryl protease calotropin DI at 3·2 Å resolution

1982 • 38 citations

Pyroglutamyl diazomethyl ketone: Potent inhibitor of mammalian pyroglutamyl peptide hydrolase

1985 • 38 citations

The calpain cleavage sites in the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase domain

1994 • 37 citations

Prohormone thiol protease (PTP) processing of recombinant proenkephalin

1995 • 37 citations

Proteinase inhibitors. 1. Inhibitors of elastase

1977 • 37 citations

Kinetic mechanism for stimulation by monovalent cations of the amidase activity of the plasma protease bovine activated protein C

1985 • 36 citations

Cathepsin M: A lysosomal proteinase with aldolase-inactivating activity

1982 • 35 citations

Potent and selective inactivation of cysteine proteinases with N-peptidyl-O-acyl hydroxylamines

1989 • 35 citations

Natural structural variation in enzymes as a tool in the study of mechanism exemplified by a comparison of the catalytic-site structure and characteristics of cathepsin B and papain. pH-dependent kinetics of the reactions of cathepsin B from bovine spleen and from rat liver with a thiol-specific two-protonic-state probe (2,2′-dipyridyl disulphide) and with a specific synthetic substrate (N-α-benzyloxycarbonyl-<scp>l</scp>-arginyl-<scp>l</scp>-arginine 2-naphthylamide)

1984 • 35 citations

The limited proteolysis of rabbit muscle aldolase by cathepsin B1

1978 • 34 citations

The case for assigning a value of approximately 4 to pKaI of the essential histidine-cysteine interactive systems of papain, bromelain and ficin

1975 • 34 citations

A classification of enzyme inhibitors

1992 • 34 citations

Biological Functions of Proteases and Inhibitors

1994 • 33 citations

In vitro embryotoxicity of the cysteine proteinase inhibitors benzyloxycarbonyl‐phenylalanine‐alanine‐diazomethane (Z‐Phe‐Ala‐CHN₂) and benzyloxycarbony1‐phenylalanine‐phenylalanine‐diazomethane (Z‐Phe‐Phe‐CHN₂)

1994 • 33 citations

Modification of fructose bisphosphatase by a proteolytic enzyme from rat liver lysosomes

1978 • 33 citations

Detection of a tetrahedral adduct in a trypsin-chloromethyl ketone specific inhibitor complex by carbon-13 NMR

1983 • 33 citations

Enzyme-substrate interactions in the hydrolysis of peptides by cathepsins B and H from rat liver

1987 • 32 citations

Amino acid sequence of rat liver cathepsin L

1988 • 32 citations

Cathepsins J and K: High molecular weight cysteine proteinases from human tissues

1984 • 31 citations

Comparative studies of mouse liver cathepsin B and an analogous tumor thiol proteinase.

1983 • 31 citations

Inhibition of intraerythrocytic development of Plasmodium falciparum by proteinase inhibitors

1990 • 31 citations

Characterization of three rabbit liver lysosomal proteinases with fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase converting enzyme activity

1981 • 31 citations

Synthetic Kanosamine

1961 • 31 citations

Immunoreactivity of antibodies raised against synthetic peptide fragments predicted from mid portions of dystrophin cDNA

1990 • 31 citations

The use of benzyloxycarbonyl[125I]iodotyrosylalanyldiazomethane as a probe for active cysteine proteinases in human tissues

1989 • 31 citations

Cryoenzymology of proteases: NMR detection of a productive thioacyl derivative of papain at subzero temperatures

1982 • 30 citations

Identification of the active site cysteine and of the disulfide bonds in the N‐terminal part of the molecule of bovine spleen cathepsin B

1982 • 30 citations

Novel Ca2+-activated neutral protease from an aquatic fungus, Allomyces arbuscula

1988 • 30 citations

Synthesis and properties of Cbz-Phe-Arg-CHN2 (benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanylarginyldiazomethane) as a proteinase inhibitor

1988 • 30 citations

Identification on melanoma cells of p39, a cysteine proteinase that cleaves C3, the third component of complement: amino-acid-sequence identities with procathepsin L

1995 • 30 citations

E64 [trans-epoxysuccinyl-<scp>l</scp>-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane] analogues as inhibitors of cysteine proteinases: investigation of S2 subsite interactions

1994 • 29 citations

Enol lactone inhibitors of serine proteases. The effect of regiochemistry on the inactivation behavior of phenyl-substituted (halomethylene)tetra- and dihydrofuranones and tetrahydropyranones toward .alpha.-chymotrypsin: stable acyl enzyme intermediate

1986 • 29 citations

Reversible, slow, tight-binding inhibition of human Leukocyte elastase

1987 • 29 citations

In vivo Inhibition of Cathepsin B by Peptidyl (Acyloxy)methyl Ketones

1994 • 29 citations

Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolyses of E/Z-diastereotopic and E/Z-diastereomeric esters. Effect on selectivity by reaction media

1993 • 28 citations

Sequence-specific alkylation of DNA activated by an enzymatic signal

1991 • 28 citations

Amino acid sequence around the active site cysteine residue of calcium‐activated neutral protease (CANP)

1983 • 28 citations

Intramolecular reaction rate is not determined exclusively by the distance separating reaction centers. The kinetic consequences of modulated ground state strain on dyotropic hydrogen migration in systems of very similar geometric disposition

1991 • 27 citations

Inactivation of cathepsin B by active site-directed disulfide exchange. Application in covalent affinity chromatography.

1983 • 27 citations

Clarification of the pH-dependent kinetic behaviour of papain by using reactivity probes and analysis of alkylation and catalysed acylation reactions in terms of multihydronic state models: implications for electrostatics calculations and interpretation of the consequences of site-specific mutations such as Asp-158-Asn and Asp-158-Glu

1993 • 26 citations

Blocking intracellular degradation of the erythropoietin and asialoglycoprotein receptors by calpain inhibitors does not result in the same increase in the levels of their membrane and secreted forms

1996 • 26 citations

Deuterium Isotope Effects on Papain Acylation

1979 • 26 citations

Molecular Design of Potent Inhibitor Specific for Cathepsin B Based on the Tertiary Structure Prediction.

1992 • 25 citations

Aziridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of Papain

1996 • 24 citations

Effects of substituents on the rates of deacylation of substituted benzoyl papains. Role of a carboxylate residue in the catalytic mechanism

1978 • 24 citations

Purification and characterization of phosphodiesterase activator from kidney. A lysosomal protease.

1979 • 24 citations

The unreliability of estimates of group dissociation constants

1976 • 23 citations

Immunological significances of invariant chain from the aspect of its structural homology with the cystatin family

1994 • 23 citations

Transcriptional Regulation of Cathepsin B Expression in B16 Melanomas of Varying Metastatic Potential

1994 • 23 citations

Heterogeneous Expression of Myosin Light Chain 1 in a Human Slow-Twitch Muscle Fiber1

1981 • 23 citations

Characterization of Cystatin C from Bovine Parotid Glands: Cysteine Proteinase Inhibition and Antiviral Properties

1996 • 22 citations

Inactivation of Subtilisin Carlsberg by N-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)alanylprolylphenylalanyl)-O-benzoyl Hydroxylamine: Formation of a Covalent Enzyme-Inhibitor Linkage in the Form of a Carbamate Derivative

1994 • 22 citations

Biological activities and secondary structures of variant forms of human salivary cystatin SN produced in Escherichia coli

1994 • 22 citations

Interaction of clostripain with natural trypsin inhibitors and its affinity labeling by N^α‐p‐nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl arginine chlormethyl ketone

1976 • 22 citations

Specific inhibition of post proline cleaving enzyme by benzyloxycarbonyl-gly-pro-diazomethyl ketone

1986 • 21 citations

[16] Streptococcal proteinase

1970 • 20 citations

Cancer cells and parasites: two of a kind

1986 • 20 citations

Activated ketones as potent reversible inhibitors of interleukin-Iβ converting enzyme

1994 • 20 citations

Primary Structure of CC-III, the Glycosylated Cysteine Proteinase from the Latex ofCarica candamarcensisHook

1994 • 19 citations

Primary structure of zymogen of streptococcal proteinase

1982 • 19 citations

Competing redox and inactivation processes in the inhibition of cysteine proteinases by peptidyl O-acylhydroxamates. Carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 NMR evidence for a novel sulfenamide enzyme adduct

1991 • 18 citations

The reaction of an α-aza-amino acid derivative with chymotrypsin and its use as a ligand for covalent affinity purification

1974 • 18 citations

Evidence for an active‐center cysteine in the SH‐proteinase α‐clostripain through use of N‐tosyl‐L‐lysine chloromethyl ketone

1984 • 18 citations

An epoxysuccinic acid derivative(loxistatin)-induced hepatic injury in rats and hamsters

1990 • 17 citations

The so- called anticalmodulins fluphenazine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80 inhibit the Ca2+- transport system of the endoplasmic reticulum

1985 • 17 citations

17 Streptococcal Proteinase

1971 • 17 citations

Molecular basis of the oxygen exchange from carbon dioxide catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase III from bovine skeletal muscle

1986 • 17 citations

Cloning and expression of a rat placental cDNA encoding a novel cathepsin L-related protein

1995 • 16 citations

Purification and characterization of high calcium-requiring neutral proteases from porcine and bovine brains

1986 • 16 citations

Potent Inactivation of Cathepsins S and L by Peptidyl (Acyloxy)methyl Ketones

1994 • 16 citations

Degradation of epidermal growth factor receptors by cathepsin L‐like protease: Inhibition of the degradation by c‐Ha‐ras gene products

1988 • 16 citations

Reaction of a distorted amide with nucleophilic thiolate-containing zwitterions produced from thiolamines. A model for the acylation step in cysteine proteases and transglutaminases

1991 • 16 citations

Interaction of papain with derivatives of phenylalanylglycinal.

1977 • 15 citations

Modulation of Ca2+-Dependent Regulatory Systems by Calmodulin Antagonists and Other Agents

1985 • 14 citations

Proteolytic enzymes at various stages of oncogenic transformation of rat fibroblasts. I. Aspartyl and cysteine proteinases

1995 • 14 citations

Synthesis of lysine-containing sulphonium salts and their properties as proteinase inhibitors

1988 • 14 citations

Characterization of Cysteine Proteases Functioning in Degradation of Dynorphin in Neuroblastoma Cells: Evidence for the Presence of a Novel Enzyme with Strict Specificity Toward Paired Basic Residues

1989 • 14 citations

On the definition and classification of mechanism-based Enzyme Inhibitors

1992 • 14 citations

Comparison of phytolacain R, a cysteine protease from Phytolacca americana, with papain

1995 • 14 citations

Distinct Properties of Prohormone Thiol Protease (PTP) Compared to Cathepsins B, L, and H: Evidence for PTP as a Novel Cysteine Protease

1994 • 13 citations

Relationship between the secretion of cysteine proteinases and their inhibitors and malignant potential

1991 • 13 citations

Effect of acute ethanol on serine biosynthesis in liver

1987 • 13 citations

Structure/Function Implications for the Aminopeptidase Specificity of Aleurain

1994 • 13 citations

Overview of the Possible Targets for Viral Chemotherapy

1984 • 12 citations

Intracellular hydrolases of Aspergillus, parasiticus and Aspergillus, flavus

1989 • 11 citations

Interaction of cysteine proteinases with recombinant kininogen domain 2, expressed in Escherichia coli

1995 • 11 citations

Kinetics of the Addition of Grignard Reagents to Ketones. The Addition of Methylmagnesium Bromide to 2,4-Dimethyl-4'-methylmercaptobenzophenone¹

1966 • 10 citations

19 Glostripain

1971 • 10 citations

Targets for the Design of Antiviral Agents

1985 • 10 citations

The selective inactivation of thiol proteasesin vitro andin vivo

1984 • 9 citations

Methylation of ribonucleic acid in a cell-free system from mouse myeloma cells

1982 • 9 citations

&lt;b&gt;QUANTIFICATION OF CALPAIN-RELATED MOLECULES BY SPECIFIC PCR AMPLIFICATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO HUMAN MUSCULAR &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;DYSTROPHY &lt;/b&gt;

1994 • 9 citations

Ca2+-Dependent Protease I fromAllomyces arbuscula

1996 • 8 citations

Reduction of Geminal Dihalocyclopropanes with Lithium 4,4′‐Di‐tert‐butylbiphenyl; Cyclopropyl Derivatives of Dilithiomethane and 1,2‐Dilithioethane; Inferences Regarding the Intermediate Carbenoids

1993 • 8 citations

Polarized single-crystal absorption spectra of cobalt2+-carboxypeptidase A

1986 • 8 citations

Differential Regulation of μ-Calpain and m-Calpain in Rat Hearts Perfused with Ca2+ and cAMP

1994 • 8 citations

The synthesis and properties of peptidylmethylsulphonium salts with two cationic residues as potential inhibitors of prohormone processing

1988 • 8 citations

[40] Peptidoglutamines (Bacillus circulants)

1976 • 7 citations

Characterization of a cathepsin B-like enzyme from breast cancer

1986 • 4 citations

Analysis of the cysteine proteinases of Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma cruzi using specific antisera

1994 • 4 citations

Labelling of cysteine proteinases in purified lysosomes

1989 • 4 citations

E/Z Diastereoselective Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Esters and Diesters

1993 • 3 citations

Co-ordinate diurnal variations in the activities of cholesterol-metabolizing enzymes in the rat mammary gland

1989 • 3 citations

CONVERTING ENZYME OF FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE FROM RAT LIVER

1981 • 1 citations

The case for “multicultural literature” in the largely white school

1989 • 1 citations

Thyroid cysteine proteinases that catalyze release of thyroxine from thyroglobulin and thyroxine-containing peptide

1986 • 1 citations