Role of cytokines in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

TH1 and TH2 Cells: Different Patterns of Lymphokine Secretion Lead to Different Functional Properties

1989 • 7,558 citations

Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis

1993 • 4,225 citations

Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease

1992 • 2,969 citations

Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of activating cytokines and evidence for independent production.

1988 • 2,865 citations

Predominant T_H2-like Bronchoalveolar T-Lymphocyte Population in Atopic Asthma

1992 • 2,802 citations

Interferon beta‐1b is effective in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

1993 • 2,032 citations

Lymphocyte responses and cytokines

1994 • 1,860 citations

Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against α4βl integrin

1992 • 1,711 citations

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology.

1971 • 1,547 citations

Reciprocal expression of interferon gamma or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis. Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets.

1989 • 1,462 citations

Tumor necrosis factor mediates myelin and oligodendrocyte damage in vitro

1988 • 1,371 citations

The Molecular Cell Biology of Interferon-gamma and its Receptor

1993 • 1,323 citations

Activated microglia mediate neuronal cell injury via a nitric oxide mechanism.

1992 • 1,121 citations

Human TH1 and TH2 subsets: doubt no more

1991 • 1,103 citations

Differing Lymphokine Profiles of Functional Subsets of Human CD4 and CD8 T Cell Clones

1991 • 1,027 citations

Induction of interferon gamma production by natural killer cell stimulatory factor: characterization of the responder cells and synergy with other inducers.

1991 • 976 citations

The rapid isolation of clonable antigen‐specific T lymphocyte lines capable of mediating autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1981 • 917 citations

Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma.

1993 • 837 citations

Association between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Disease Progression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

1991 • 794 citations

Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain.

1989 • 793 citations

Astrocytes present myelin basic protein to encephalitogenic T-cell lines

1984 • 773 citations

Cellular immune reactivity within the CNS

1986 • 771 citations

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with gamma interferon

1987 • 739 citations

Identification of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor in multiple sclerosis lesions.

1991 • 735 citations

Oral tolerance to myelin basic protein and natural recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis are associated with downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and differential upregulation of transforming growth factor beta, interleukin 4, and prostaglandin E expression in the brain.

1992 • 726 citations

Augmentation of demyelination in rat acute allergic encephalomyelitis by circulating mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against a myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.

1988 • 721 citations

IL-10 inhibits parasite killing and nitrogen oxide production by IFN-gamma-activated macrophages.

1992 • 709 citations

An antibody to lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor prevents transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

1990 • 692 citations

Transgenic mice that express a myelin basic protein-specific T cell receptor develop spontaneous autoimmunity

1993 • 688 citations

Biological properties of interleukin 10

1992 • 656 citations

Analysis of cytokine mRNA expression in the central nervous system of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reveals that IL-10 mRNA expression correlates with recovery.

1992 • 627 citations

Adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice after in vitro activation of lymph node cells by myelin basic protein: requirement for Lyt 1+ 2- T lymphocytes.

1981 • 592 citations

ALLERGIC NEURITIS: AN EXPERIMENTAL DISEASE OF RABBITS INDUCED BY THE INJECTION OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS TISSUE AND ADJUVANTS

1955 • 570 citations

Quinolinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in HIV‐1 Infection: Relationship to clinical and neurological status

1991 • 563 citations

Gamma interferon enhances macrophage transcription of the tumor necrosis factor/cachectin, interleukin 1, and urokinase genes, which are controlled by short-lived repressors.

1986 • 532 citations

Macrophage deactivating factor and transforming growth factors-beta 1 -beta 2 and -beta 3 inhibit induction of macrophage nitrogen oxide synthesis by IFN-gamma.

1990 • 507 citations

Cloning and expression of murine IL-12.

1992 • 474 citations

Neuropoietic cytokines in the hematopoietic fold

1991 • 474 citations

TGF-β1 binding protein: A component of the large latent complex of TGF-β1 with multiple repeat sequences

1990 • 447 citations

Astrocytes as antigen-presenting cells. I. Induction of Ia antigen expression on astrocytes by T cells via immune interferon and its effect on antigen presentation.

1985 • 440 citations

Enhancement of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice by antibodies against IFN-gamma.

1988 • 432 citations

Protective effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 on experimental autoimmune diseases in mice.

1991 • 400 citations

Widespread and selective induction of major histocompatibility complex-determined antigens in vivo by gamma interferon.

1985 • 397 citations

Encephalitogenic T cells in the B10.PL model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) are of the Th-1 lymphokine subtype

1989 • 390 citations

Nervous tissue as an immune compartment: the dialect of the immune response in the CNS

1994 • 366 citations

Autoreactive T lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis determined by antigen-induced secretion of interferon-gamma.

1990 • 363 citations

Mice that lack the interferon-gamma receptor have profoundly altered responses to infection with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and subsequent challenge with lipopolysaccharide.

1993 • 352 citations

MHC antigen expression on bulk isolated macrophage-microglia from newborn mouse brain: induction of Ia antigen expression by γ-interferon

1987 • 346 citations

T and B cell responses to myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in multiple sclerosis.

1991 • 314 citations

Lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by myelin basic protein-specific T cell clones correlates with encephalitogenicity

1990 • 285 citations

Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: An experimental model of multiple sclerosis

1977 • 282 citations

Molecular Transductional Mechanisms by which IFNγ and Other Signals Regulate Macrophage Development

1987 • 266 citations

T cells specific for the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein mediate an unusual autoimmune inflammatory response in the central nervous system

1993 • 265 citations

Interferon β decreases T cell activation and interferon γ production in multiple sclerosis

1993 • 264 citations

Autoreactive T and B cells responding to myelin proteolipid protein in multiple sclerosis and controls

1991 • 258 citations

Revisiting and revising suppressor T cells

1992 • 256 citations

Intrathecal application of interferon gamma. Progressive appearance of MHC antigens within the rat nervous system.

1990 • 240 citations

γ-Interferon is one of several direct B cell-maturing lymphokines

1984 • 237 citations

Type 1 Transforming Growth Factor Beta: Amplified Expression and Secretion of Mature and Precursor Polypeptides in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

1987 • 224 citations

Cytokine-regulated proteases in autoimmune diseases

1994 • 214 citations

Ia-restricted encephalitogenic T lymphocytes mediating EAE lyse autoantigen-presenting astrocytes

1986 • 214 citations

The cognitive principle challenges clonal selection

1992 • 212 citations

In vivo relationship of tumor necrosis factor-α to blood-brain barrier damage in patients with active multiple sclerosis

1992 • 207 citations

Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by intraventricular administration of interferon-gamma in Lewis rats

1990 • 207 citations

Autoaggressive T lymphocyte lines recognizing the encephalitogenic region of myelin basic protein: in vitro selection from unprimed rat T lymphocyte populations.

1985 • 196 citations

Multiple sclerosis: Involvement of interferons in lesion pathogenesis

1988 • 188 citations

Leukocyte Gelatinase B Cleavage Releases Encephalitogens from Human Myelin Basic Protein

1993 • 181 citations

Cytokine production in the central nervous system of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: dynamics of mRNA expression for interleukin-10, interleukin-12, cytolysin, tumor necrosis factor α and tumor necrosis factor β

1995 • 179 citations

CD4+ suppressor cells inhibit the function of effector cells of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through a mechanism involving transforming growth factor-beta.

1991 • 175 citations

Immunosuppression induced by nitric oxide and its inhibition by interleukin‐4

1992 • 172 citations

Direct injection of cytokines into the spinal cord causes autoimmune encephalomyelitis-like inflammation

1990 • 163 citations

Increased transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin‐4, and interferon‐γ in multiple sclerosis

1994 • 162 citations

Epitopes of myelin basic protein that trigger TGF-beta release after oral tolerization are distinct from encephalitogenic epitopes and mediate epitope-driven bystander suppression.

1993 • 158 citations

Differential tumor necrosis factor alpha expression by astrocytes from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis-susceptible and -resistant rat strains.

1991 • 157 citations

Effect of anti-interferon-γ and anti-interleukin-2 monoclonal antibody treatment on the development of actively and passively induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the SJL/J mouse

1992 • 156 citations

Type 1 transforming growth factor beta: amplified expression and secretion of mature and precursor polypeptides in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

1987 • 147 citations

Interferon-gamma regulates an antigen specific for endothelial cells involved in lymphocyte traffic.

1986 • 145 citations

CD8 is critically involved in lymphocyte activation by a T. brucei brucei-released molecule

1993 • 142 citations

T Helper 1 (TH1) Functional Phenotype of Human Myelin Basic Protein-Specific T Lymphocytes

1993 • 136 citations

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and lymphotoxin (TNF-β)

1992 • 136 citations

Evidence of endogenous regulatory function of transforming growth factor-β1 in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1992 • 134 citations

Multiple sclerosis is associated with genes within or close to the HLA‐DR‐DQ subregion on a normal DR15, DQ6, Dw2 haplotype

1993 • 133 citations

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 modulation by tumor necrosis factor in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1994 • 131 citations

Sleep Disturbance, Depression, and Lesion Site in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

1992 • 128 citations

Gamma-interferon-like immunoreactivity in axotomized rat motor neurons

1989 • 126 citations

Chronic systemic high‐dose recombinant interferon alfa‐2a reduces exacerbation rate, MRI signs of disease activity, and lymphocyte interferon gamma production in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

1994 • 119 citations

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mediated by murine encephalitogenic T cell lines specific for myelin proteolipid apoprotein.

1987 • 115 citations

Listeria meningitis: identification of a cerebrospinal fluid inhibitor of macrophage listericidal function as interleukin 10.

1993 • 110 citations

T cell immunity and interferon-γ secretion during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats

1991 • 107 citations

Protective effect of anti‐interleukin (IL)‐6 antibody against endotoxin, associated with paradoxically increased IL‐6 levels

1992 • 105 citations

Encephalitogenic Th1 cells are inhibited by Th2 cells with related peptide specificity: Relative roles of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10

1993 • 101 citations

Rat ependyma and microglia cells express class II MHC antigens after intravenous infusion of recombinant gamma interferon

1988 • 101 citations

Inflammation in the nervous system. Basic mechanisms and immunological concepts.

1991 • 100 citations

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and lymphotoxin (TNF-β)

1992 • 97 citations

Cytokines and neurokines: related ligands and related receptors

1992 • 95 citations

Cytokine Involvement in the Regulation of Sleep

1992 • 94 citations

Depletion of CD8+ T cells suppresses growth of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and interferon-gamma) production in infected rats

1990 • 86 citations

Transforming growth factors β1 and β2: cytokines with identical immunosuppressive effects and a potential role in the regulation of autoimmune T cell function

1989 • 84 citations

Neuronal interferon‐γ immunoreactive molecule: Bioactivities and purification

1994 • 84 citations

Cytokine production by cells in cerebrospinal fluid during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice

1994 • 84 citations

Interferon‐gamma‐like immunoreactivity in certain neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system

1989 • 83 citations

Facial Nerve Transection Causes Expansion of Myelin Autoreactive T Cells in Regional Lymph Nodes and T Cell Homing to the Facial Nucleus

1992 • 81 citations

Chronic effects of γ-interferon on quinolinic acid and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in brain of C57BL6 mice

1991 • 80 citations

Immunopathology of the lesion in chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse

1986 • 79 citations

Animal model for multiple sclerosis. Chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in inbred guinea pigs.

1977 • 77 citations

Evaluation of gelatinases and IL‐6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological diseases

1994 • 74 citations

The major histocompatibility complex influences myelin basic protein 63‐88‐induced T cell cytokine profile and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1993 • 71 citations

Immunosuppression and lymphoid hypoplasia associated with chronic graft versus host disease is dependent upon IFN-gamma production.

1990 • 68 citations

Increased mRNA Expression of IL‐10 in Mononuclear Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Optic Neuritis

1995 • 68 citations

Latent forms of TGF‐β: Molecular Structure and Mechanisms of Activation

2007 • 67 citations

Chronic Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis Induced in Rabbits with Bovine White Matter Proteolipid Apoprotein

1982 • 67 citations

Immunology of multiple sclerosis.

1992 • 64 citations

Interferon induces astrocyte maturation causing an increase in cholinergic properties of cultured human spinal cord cells

1989 • 60 citations

Epidemiology and genetics of multiple sclerosis.

1992 • 60 citations

Regulation of macrophage function by interferon-gamma. Somatic cell genetic approaches in murine macrophage cell lines to mechanisms of growth inhibition, the oxidative burst, and expression of the chronic granulomatous disease gene.

1990 • 59 citations

Organ‐specific autoantigens induce transforming growth factor‐β mRNA expression in mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis

1994 • 57 citations

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha synthesis by cerebrospinal-fluid-derived T cell clones from patients with multiple sclerosis

1991 • 55 citations

Human T‐cell response to myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy subjects

1988 • 54 citations

Co-induction of neuronal interferon-gamma and nitric oxide synthase in rat motor neurons after axotomy: a role in nerve repair or death?

1994 • 52 citations

Inhibition of T-cell responsiveness during experimental infections with Trypanosoma brucei: active involvement of endogenous gamma interferon

1993 • 52 citations

Ia‐Expressing Cells and T Lymphocytes of Different Subsets in Peripheral Nerve Tissue during Experimental Allergic Neuritis in Lewis Rats

1983 • 49 citations

Induction of Ia molecules on brain endothelium is related to susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1989 • 46 citations

Neurons and neuroblastoma as a source of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor

1992 • 46 citations

Autoreactive T and B cell responses to myelin antigens after diagnostic sural nerve biopsy

1993 • 46 citations

Peripheral nerve injury causes transient expression of MHC class I antigens in rat motor neurons and skeletal muscles

1989 • 40 citations

Fine-specificity differences in the recognition of an encephalitogenic peptide by T helper 1 and 2 cells

1993 • 38 citations

Induction of class I and class II transplantation antigens in rat brain during fatal and non-fatal measles virus infection

1987 • 38 citations

In vivotreatment of rats with monoclonal antibodies against gamma interferon: effects on experimental allergic neuritis

1989 • 37 citations

Intrathecal interferon-γ facilitates the spinal nociceptive flexor reflex in the rat

1994 • 31 citations

Inhibition of macrophage-induced antigen-specific T-cell proliferation by interferon-γ

1988 • 29 citations

Immunopharmacologic Modulation of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis: Low‐Dose Cyclosporin‐A Treatment Causes Disease Relapse and Increased Systemic T and B Cell‐Mediated Myelin‐Directed Autoimmunity

1993 • 28 citations

Functional and morphological characterization of 4F7+ spleen accessory dendritic cells

1993 • 19 citations

Sulfasalizine aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and causes an increase in the number of autoreactive T cells

1991 • 16 citations

Interferon-γ and a factor derived from trypanosomes cause behavioural changes in the rat

1994 • 11 citations