PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH: CONCEPT, MECHANISM AND CONTROL

Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wideranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics

1972 • 15,349 citations

Cell Death: The Significance of Apoptosis

1980 • 7,281 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation

1980 • 4,591 citations

Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death

1990 • 3,817 citations

Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells

1988 • 3,194 citations

Checkpoints: Controls That Ensure the Order of Cell Cycle Events

1989 • 3,036 citations

The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis

1991 • 2,815 citations

G ₁ Events and Regulation of Cell Proliferation

1989 • 2,203 citations

Wild-type p53 induces apoptosis of myeloid leukaemic cells that is inhibited by interleukin-6

1991 • 2,127 citations

Involvement of the bcl -2 Gene in Human Follicular Lymphoma

1985 • 1,797 citations

Genetic control of programmed cell death in the nematode C. elegans

1986 • 1,790 citations

Induction by Antigen of Intrathymic Apoptosis of CD4 ⁺ CD8 ⁺ TCR ^lo Thymocytes in Vivo

1990 • 1,781 citations

Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Tumor Regression by Induction of Apoptosis

1989 • 1,739 citations

Programmed cell death involved in the schizolysigenous formation of the secretory cavity in Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)

2010 • 1,629 citations

Chromatin cleavage in apoptosis: Association with condensed chromatin morphology and dependence on macromolecular synthesis

1984 • 1,586 citations

Macrophage phagocytosis of aging neutrophils in inflammation. Programmed cell death in the neutrophil leads to its recognition by macrophages.

1989 • 1,540 citations

Shrinkage necrosis: A distinct mode of cellular death

1971 • 1,448 citations

Glucocorticoid activation of a calcium-dependent endonuclease in thymocyte nuclei leads to cell death.

1984 • 1,441 citations

bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes

1991 • 1,223 citations

Cyclin synthesis drives the early embryonic cell cycle

1989 • 1,223 citations

Induction of bcl-2 expression by epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein 1 protects infected B cells from programmed cell death

1991 • 1,195 citations

CELL DEATHS IN NORMAL VERTEBRATE ONTOGENY

1951 • 1,194 citations

The RAD9 Gene Controls the Cell Cycle Response to DNA Damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1988 • 1,174 citations

Antibodies to CD3/T-cell receptor complex induce death by apoptosis in immature T cells in thymic cultures

1989 • 1,159 citations

DNA METHYLATION AND GENE ACTIVITY

1983 • 1,115 citations

Contingent Genetic Regulatory Events in T Lymphocyte Activation

1989 • 1,108 citations

bcl-2 transgene inhibits T cell death and perturbs thymic self-censorship

1991 • 1,090 citations

cdc25+ functions as an inducer in the mitotic control of fission yeast

1986 • 973 citations

Programmed cell death

1974 • 966 citations

Haemopoietic colony stimulating factors promote cell survival by suppressing apoptosis

1990 • 945 citations

Death in Embryonic Systems

1966 • 943 citations

Induction of endonucleolytic DNA cleavage in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells by etoposide, camptothecin, and other cytotoxic anticancer drugs: a cautionary note.

1989 • 937 citations

Gene induction by gamma-irradiation leads to DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes.

1987 • 923 citations

Isolation of a human cyclin cDNA: Evidence for cyclin mRNA and protein regulation in the cell cycle and for interaction with p34cdc2

1989 • 920 citations

Inhibitors of protein synthesis and RNA synthesis prevent neuronal death caused by nerve growth factor deprivation.

1988 • 909 citations

Tumor necrosis factor can induce both apoptic and necrotic forms of cell lysis.

1988 • 889 citations

Activation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by cisplatin, other anticancer drugs, toxins and hyperthermia

1990 • 887 citations

Vitronectin receptor-mediated phagocytosis of cells undergoing apoptosis

1990 • 871 citations

Erythropoietin Retards DNA Breakdown and Prevents Programmed Death in Erythroid Progenitor Cells

1990 • 837 citations

Dose‐dependent induction of apoptosis in human tumour cell lines by widely diverging stimuli

1991 • 816 citations

Activation of cdc2 protein kinase during mitosis in human cells: Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation and subunit rearrangement

1988 • 786 citations

Lysosomes in Biology and Pathology

1974 • 768 citations

Dominoes and Clocks: the Union of Two Views of the Cell Cycle

1989 • 750 citations

Activation of Programmed Cell Death in the Rat Ventral Prostate after Castration*

1988 • 730 citations

Endogenous endonuclease-induced DNA fragmentation: an early event in cell-mediated cytolysis.

1983 • 616 citations

Death and the cell

1986 • 616 citations

Dephosphorylation and activation of a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex in vitro by human CDC25 protein

1991 • 579 citations

Cell death: a new classification separating apoptosis from necrosis

1981 • 575 citations

Glucocorticoids activate a suicide process in thymocytes through an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration

1989 • 549 citations

Cyclosporin A inhibits activation-induced cell death in T-cell hybridomas and thymocytes

1989 • 513 citations

Lysosomes in biology and pathology

1975 • 511 citations

Induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in human leukemic HL-60 cells by inhibition of RNA or protein synthesis.

1990 • 489 citations

Programmed cell death during regression of PC-82 human prostate cancer following androgen ablation.

1990 • 485 citations

Induction of the TRPM-2 gene in cells undergoing programmed death.

1989 • 466 citations

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -Dioxin Kills Immature Thymocytes by Ca ²⁺ -Mediated Endonuclease Activation

1988 • 460 citations

Macrophage recognition of cells undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis).

1985 • 460 citations

Mutation of fission yeast cell cycle control genes abolishes dependence of mitosis on DNA replication

1990 • 460 citations

Analysis of Events Associated With Cell Cycle Arrest at G2 Phase and Cell Death Induced by Cisplatin

1990 • 447 citations

Germinal center cells express bcl‐2 protein after activation by signals which prevent their entry into apoptosis

1991 • 446 citations

The cdc2 kinase is a nuclear protein that is essential for mitosis in mammalian cells

1989 • 439 citations

Apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death in cultured T lymphoblasts acutely infected with HIV-1.

1991 • 432 citations

Programmed cell death during regression of the MCF-7 human breast cancer following estrogen ablation.

1991 • 429 citations

Topoisomerase II-reactive chemotherapeutic drugs induce apoptosis in thymocytes.

1991 • 392 citations

HL-60 cells induced to differentiate towards neutrophils subsequently die via apoptosis

1990 • 390 citations

Mutations Affecting Programmed Cell Deaths in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans s

1983 • 389 citations

Programmed cell death—II. Endocrine potentiation of the breakdown of the intersegmental muscles of silkmoths

1964 • 384 citations

Controlled death (apoptosis) of normal and putative preneoplastic cells in rat liver following withdrawal of tumor promoters

1984 • 369 citations

Spontaneous calcium release from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive calcium stores

1991 • 366 citations

Requirement for RNA and protein synthesis for induced regression of the tadpole tail in organ culture

1966 • 364 citations

Tumor necrosis factor induces apoptosis (programmed cell death) in normal endothelial cells in vitro.

1991 • 358 citations

Cascade Induction of c-fos, c-myc, and Heat Shock 70K Transcripts during Regression of the Rat Ventral Prostate Gland

1988 • 355 citations

Glucocorticoid Inhibition of Glucose Uptake by Peripheral Tissues: Old and New Evidence, Molecular Mechanisms, and Physiological Significance

1971 • 347 citations

Extracellular ATP as a trigger for apoptosis or programmed cell death.

1991 • 342 citations

Morphological evaluation of cell turnover in relation to the menstrual cycle in the “resting” human breast

1981 • 341 citations

Impairment of cell-mediated immunity functions by dietary zinc deficiency in mice

1979 • 337 citations

The protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid induces morphological changes typical of apoptosis in mammalian cells

1991 • 330 citations

Caffeine-Induced Uncoupling of Mitosis from the Completion of DNA Replication in Mammalian Cells

1986 • 328 citations

Phagocytosis of senescent neutrophils by human monocyte-derived macrophages and rabbit inflammatory macrophages.

1982 • 326 citations

Programmed T lymphocyte death. Cell activation- and steroid-induced pathways are mutually antagonistic.

1990 • 319 citations

Cell Death Induced in a Murine Mastocytoma by 42–47°C Heatingin Vitro: Evidence that the Form of Death Changes from Apoptosis to Necrosis Above a Critical Heat Load

1990 • 316 citations

Calcium-dependent killing of immature thymocytes by stimulation via the CD3/T cell receptor complex.

1989 • 315 citations

Post-embryonic development in the ventral cord of Caenorhabditis elegans

1976 • 314 citations

Mechanism of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)-induced cytotoxicity: role of G2 arrest and DNA double-strand breaks.

1988 • 307 citations

Identification, purification, and characterization of a calcium-dependent endonuclease (NUC18) from apoptotic rat thymocytes. NUC18 is not histone H2B.

1991 • 301 citations

An electron‐microscope study of the mode of cell death induced by cancer‐chemotherapeutic agents in populations of proliferating normal and neoplastic cells

1975 • 300 citations

Phagocytosis of aged human neutrophils by macrophages is mediated by a novel "charge-sensitive" recognition mechanism.

1989 • 298 citations

Cellular death in morphogenesis of the avian wing

1962 • 298 citations

Differential regulation of human monocyte programmed cell death (apoptosis) by chemotactic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

1991 • 294 citations

Mechanism by which caffeine potentiates lethality of nitrogen mustard.

1982 • 294 citations

Deletion of cells by apoptosis during castration-induced involution of the rat prostate

1973 • 285 citations

Coordinated regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation by transforming growth factor beta 1 in cultured uterine epithelial cells.

1991 • 279 citations

Effect of Zinc Deficiency on the Immune Response of the Young Adult A/J Mouse

1977 • 276 citations

Relationship between DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in the programmed cell death in the rat prostate following castration

1989 • 266 citations

Agents that elevate cAMP stimulate DNA fragmentation in thymocytes.

1990 • 265 citations

Recombinant 25‐kDa CD23 and interleukin 1α promote the survival of germinal center B cells: evidence for bifurcation in the development of centrocytes rescued from apoptosis

1991 • 264 citations

Androgen‐repressed messages in the rat ventral prostate

1986 • 261 citations

Mechanism of Specific Tumor-Cell Lysis by Alloimmune T Lymphocytes: Resolution and Characterization of Discrete Steps in the Cellular Interaction

1977 • 258 citations

Characterization and cloning of androgen-repressed mRNAs from rat ventral prostate

1987 • 256 citations

DNA synthesis, apoptosis, and phenotypic expression as determinants of growth of altered foci in rat liver during phenobarbital promotion.

1990 • 249 citations

Hormone-induced cell death. Purification ad properties of thymocytes undergoing apoptosis after glucocorticoid treatment.

1982 • 244 citations

Activation of a suicide process of thymocytes through DNA fragmentation by calcium ionophores and phorbol esters.

1989 • 242 citations

Anti‐immunoglobulins induce death by apoptosis in WEHI‐231 B lymphoma cells

1990 • 239 citations

Radiation-induced Interphase Death of Rat Thymocytes is Internally Programmed (Apoptosis)

1988 • 239 citations

Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells by fibroblast growth factor deprivation

1990 • 230 citations

Regulation of apoptosis in interleukin-3-dependent hemopoietic cells by interleukin-3 and calcium ionophores.

1990 • 226 citations

Response of intestinal cells of differing topographical and hierarchical status to ten cytotoxic drugs and five sources of radiation

1983 • 226 citations

Programmed death of autoreactive thymocytes

1990 • 224 citations

Stress-resistance conferred by high level of bcl-2 alpha protein in human B lymphoblastoid cell.

1989 • 216 citations

Hormone-induced cell death. 2. Surface changes in thymocytes undergoing apoptosis.

1984 • 207 citations

Activation-induced cell death in T cell hybridomas is due to apoptosis. Morphologic aspects and DNA fragmentation.

1990 • 201 citations

Different drugs arrest cells at a number of distinct stages in G2

1975 • 201 citations

Rescue of thymocytes and T cell hybridomas from glucocorticoid‐induced apoptosis by stimulation via the T cell receptor/CD3 complex: a possible in vitro model for positive selection of the T cell repertoire

1991 • 199 citations

In vivo administration of monoclonal antibodies to the CD3 T cell receptor complex induces cell death (apoptosis) in immature thymocytes.

1991 • 199 citations

Programmed Cell Death of T Cells Signaled by the T Cell Receptor and the α₃Domain of Class I MH

1991 • 196 citations

Apoptosis as the Mode of Uterine Epithelial Cell Death during Embryo Implantation in Mice and Rats1

1987 • 195 citations

Activation-driven T cell death. I. Requirements for de novo transcription and translation and association with genome fragmentation.

1989 • 194 citations

Atrophy and apoptosis in the cyclical human endometrium

1976 • 192 citations

In vitro apoptosis in the human hepatoma cell line induced by transforming growth factor beta 1.

1992 • 190 citations

CD77: an antigen of germinal center B cells entering apoptosis

1991 • 189 citations

Involvement of BCL-2 in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human pre-B-leukemias.

1992 • 188 citations

Tributyltin stimulates apoptosis in rat thymocytes

1990 • 187 citations

Further studies on the response of intestinal crypt cells of different hierarchical status to eighteen different cytotoxic agents

1987 • 186 citations

Directing Cell Division During Development

1989 • 186 citations

DNA fragmentation induced in macrophages by gliotoxin does not require protein synthesis and is preceded by raised inositol triphosphate levels.

1990 • 185 citations

The expression of "tissue" transglutaminase in two human cancer cell lines is related with the programmed cell death (apoptosis).

1991 • 183 citations

Spermine prevents endonuclease activation and apoptosis in thymocytes*1

1991 • 181 citations

Adrenocortical cell deletion: The role of ACTH

1973 • 180 citations

Hypothesis: some mutagens directly alter specific chromosomal proteins (DNA topoisomerase II and peripheral proteins) to produce chromosome stickiness, which causes chromosome aberrations

1987 • 180 citations

Calcium dependence of glucocorticoid-induced lymphocytolysis.

1977 • 179 citations

Rodent fibroblast tumours expressing human myc and ras genes: growth, metastasis and endogenous oncogene expression

1987 • 179 citations

Steroid sensitivity of thymocyte subpopulations during intrathymic differentiation. Effects of 17 beta-estradiol and dexamethasone on subsets expressing T cell antigen receptor or IL-2 receptor.

1989 • 173 citations

Cell death and the disease process. The role of calcium

1981 • 173 citations

CTL: virus control cells first and cytolytic cells second? DNA fragmentation, apoptosis and the prelytic halt hypothesis

1989 • 169 citations

Identification of a glucocorticoid-induced nuclease in thymocytes. A potential “lysis gene” product.

1987 • 167 citations

T cell receptor/CD3-signaling induces death by apoptosis in human T cell receptor gamma delta + T cells.

1991 • 167 citations

Apoptosis induced by mild hyperthermia in human and murine tumour cell lines: A study using electron microscopy and DNA gel electrophoresis

1991 • 162 citations

Eosinophil hematopoietins antagonize the programmed cell death of eosinophils. Cytokine and glucocorticoid effects on eosinophils maintained by endothelial cell-conditioned medium.

1991 • 162 citations

Programmed cell death. Activation of lysis by a mechanism involving the synthesis of protein

1969 • 162 citations

Gene activation is required for developmentally programmed cell death.

1990 • 160 citations

Programmed death of nonproliferating androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells.

1991 • 159 citations

Hyperthermia Induces Apoptosis in Thymocytes

1991 • 158 citations

IL-2 protects T lymphocytes from glucocorticoid-induced DNA fragmentation and cell death.

1989 • 158 citations

Ultraviolet B Irradiation of Human Leukaemia HL-60 Cellsin VitroInduces Apoptosis

1991 • 158 citations

Hormonal control of apoptosis in hamster uterine luminal epithelium

1979 • 156 citations

Peptides: Integrators of Cell and Tissue Function

1981 • 156 citations

Gliotoxin induces apoptosis in macrophages unrelated to its antiphagocytic properties.

1988 • 155 citations

Drawings of British Plants, Being Illustrations of the Species of Flowering Plants Growing Naturally in the British Isles. Parts I-III: Ranunculaceae to Cruciferae.Stella Ross-Craig

1951 • 154 citations

DNA fragmentation: manifestation of target cell destruction mediated by cytotoxic T-cell lines, lymphotoxin-secreting helper T-cell clones, and cell-free lymphotoxin-containing supernatant.

1986 • 152 citations

Epithelial cell death and cyclic AMP increase during palatal development.

1975 • 152 citations

The mechanism of T cell mediated cytotoxicity II. morphological studies of cell death by time-lapse microcinematography

1976 • 146 citations

DNA in chromatin of irradiated lymphoid tissues degrades in vivo into regular fragments

1976 • 145 citations

Cytolytic lymphocytes induce both apoptosis and necrosis in target cells.

1991 • 145 citations

Cytotoxic effects of cell cycle phase specific agents: result of cell cycle perturbation.

1990 • 144 citations

Topoisomerase-specific drug sensitivity in relation to cell cycle progression.

1987 • 144 citations

DNA degradation in terminally differentiating lens fiber cells from chick embryos.

1977 • 141 citations

?Tissue? transglutaminase is specifically expressed in neonatal rat liver cells undergoing apoptosis upon epidermal growth factor-stimulation

1991 • 138 citations

The genetic program of cell death. hypothesis and some applications: Transformation, carcinogenesis, ageing

1982 • 133 citations

Dexamethasone Stimulation of Metallothionein Synthesis in HeLa Cell Cultures

1979 • 131 citations

Calcium channel antagonists delay regression of androgen‐dependent tissues and suppress gene activity associated with cell death

1988 • 128 citations

Interleukin 1 inhibits T cell receptor-mediated apoptosis in immature thymocytes.

1990 • 125 citations

Programmed cell death in the nervous system of an adult insect

1983 • 123 citations

Cell death in the normal neonatal rat adrenal cortex

1973 • 121 citations

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is induced rapidly and with positive cooperativity by activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate‐kinase I in a myeloid leukemia cell line

1991 • 120 citations

Mechanisms of immune lysis. II. CTL-induced nuclear disintegration of the target begins within minutes of cell contact.

1980 • 119 citations

Apoptosis: mode of cell death induced in T cell leukemia lines by dexamethasone and other agents

1991 • 115 citations

Identification, isolation, and characterization of a novel cytotoxin in murine cytolytic lymphocytes

1987 • 113 citations

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) in lymphoid and myeloid cell lines during zinc deficiency

1991 • 111 citations

Microcinematographic and electron microscopic analysis of target cell lysis induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

1979 • 111 citations

The cell cycle block and lysis of an activated T cell hybridoma are distinct processes with different Ca2+ requirements and sensitivity to cyclosporine A.

1989 • 110 citations

Induction of apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and its prevention by phorbol ester

1992 • 110 citations

Cell death in the development of the human retina: phagocytosis of pyknotic and apoptotic bodies by retinal cells

1986 • 108 citations

The Relation of Programmed Cell Death to Development and Reproduction: Comparative Studies an an Attempt at Classification.

1982 • 108 citations

Cell death and the development of limb form and skeletal pattern in normal andwingless(ws) chick embryos

1973 • 106 citations

Cell cycle stage-dependent variations in drug-induced topoisomerase II mediated DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity

1987 • 103 citations

Acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity in cultured mouse hepatocytes: Correlation of nuclear Ca2+ accumulation and early DNA fragmentation with cell death

1991 • 102 citations

Cell Death (Apoptosis) in the Mouse Small Intestine after Low Doses: Effects of Dose-rate, 14·7 MeV Neutrons, and 600 MeV (Maximum Energy) Neutrons

1982 • 101 citations

Glucocorticoid Effect on Oncogene/Growth Gene Expression in Human T Lymphoblastic Leukemic Cell Line CCRF-CEM

1989 • 101 citations

“Thymineless” death in androgen-independent prostatic cancer cells

1989 • 101 citations

Ultrastructural changes in the theca interna during follicular atresia in sheep

1978 • 101 citations

Inhibition of palatal epithelial cell death by altered protein synthesis

1976 • 100 citations

In vitro analysis of the control of cell death in a zone of prospective necrosis from the chick wing bud

1968 • 100 citations

Bleomycin causes release of nucleosomes from chromatin and chromosomes

1978 • 100 citations

Changes in translatable mRNAs during the larval-pupal transformation of the epidermis of the tobacco hornworm

1982 • 99 citations

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) in pancreatic cancers of hamsters after treatment with analogs of both luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin.

1989 • 99 citations

Protein kinase-C involvement in thymocyte apoptosis induced by hydrocortisone

1990 • 98 citations

Mechanism of programmed cell death in the blastocyst.

1989 • 98 citations

Cytotoxic Insult to Tissue

1983 • 96 citations

Phorbol esters inhibit apoptosis in IL-2-dependent T lymphocytes

1989 • 95 citations

Role of de novo DNA methylation in the glucocorticoid resistance of a T-lymphoid cell line

1983 • 95 citations

Hormonal regulation of cell death in rabbit uterine epithelium.

1987 • 95 citations

Inhibition of transformed T cell growth in vitro by monoclonal antibodies directed against distinct activating molecules.

1988 • 94 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced Lymphocytolysis Is Not Mediated by an Induced Endonuclease

1989 • 94 citations

Peptide and Steroid Regulation of Muscle Degeneration in an Insect

1982 • 93 citations

Glucocorticoid-resistant human acute lymphoblastic leukemic cell line with functional receptor.

1983 • 93 citations

Regulation of T lymphocyte apoptosis. Signals for the antagonism between activation- and glucocorticoid-induced death.

1991 • 91 citations

Possible role for p34cdc2 kinase in etoposide-induced cell death of Chinese hamster ovary cells.

1990 • 91 citations

Gene expression during the early phases of regression of the androgen-dependent Shionogi mouse mammary carcinoma.

1988 • 88 citations

Effects of cycloheximide on B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemic and normal lymphocytes in vitro: induction of apoptosis

1991 • 87 citations

The formation of the pupal cuticle by Drosophila imaginal discs in vitro

1982 • 85 citations

STUDIES ON THE POSTERIOR SILK GLAND OF THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORI

1968 • 85 citations

Relationship between DNA cross-links, cell cycle, and apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines differing in sensitivity to nitrogen mustard.

1991 • 85 citations

THE MECHANISM OF LYMPHOCYTE‐MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY

1981 • 84 citations

Ultrastructural observations on cell death by apoptosis in the ?resting? human breast

1981 • 83 citations

DNA Fragmentation in Targets of CTL: An Example of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System

1985 • 81 citations

Kinetic and Physical Studies of Cell Death Induced By Chemotherapeutic Agents Or Hyperthermia

1986 • 79 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced proteins in rat thymus cells.

1981 • 74 citations

Cell death in metamorphosis

1981 • 74 citations

Kinetic studies on a murine sarcoma and an analysis of apoptosis

1986 • 74 citations

Mechanism of epipodophyllotoxin-induced cell death in poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) synthesis-deficient V79 Chinese hamster cell lines.

1990 • 73 citations

Anti-IgM antibody-induced cell death in a human B lymphoma cell line, B104, represents a novel programmed cell death.

1992 • 73 citations

Apoptosis in the small intestine of zincdeficient and fasted rats

1977 • 72 citations

Signal transduction via CD4, CD8, and CD28 in mature and immature thymocytes. Implications for thymic selection.

1991 • 72 citations

A new determinant of glucocorticoid sensitivity in lymphoid cell lines.

1983 • 72 citations

Apoptosis induced by cold shock in vitro is dependent on cell growth phase

1987 • 70 citations

Dna fragmentation and cell death mediated by t cell antigen receptor/cd3 complex on a leukemia t cell line^*

1989 • 70 citations

Suppression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by the human wild-type p53 gene.

1992 • 70 citations

Intestinal Cell Radiosensitivity: A Comparison for Cell Death Assayed by Apoptosis or by a Loss of Clonogenicity

1982 • 70 citations

Elevated levels of cAMP alters the effect of epidermal growth factor in vitro on programmed cell death in the secondary palatal epithelium

1977 • 70 citations

Evidence for the Internucleosomal Breakage of Chromatin in Rat Thymocytes Irradiated in Vitro

1981 • 70 citations

Apoptosis induced in macrophages and T blasts by the mycotoxin sporidesmin and protection by Zn2+ salts

1990 • 70 citations

Activation of Programmed Cell Death by Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Plus Topoisomerase II - Targeted Drugs in L929 Tumor Cells

1991 • 70 citations

Genetic inhibition of mesenchymal cell death and the development of form and skeletal pattern in the limbs oftalpid3(ta3) mutant chick embryos

1974 • 68 citations

Purification and Characterization of the Ca2+ Plus Mg2+-Dependent Endodeoxyribonuclease from Calf Thymus Chromatin1

1981 • 67 citations

Evidence for soluble factors regulating cell death and cell proliferation in primary cultures of rabbit endometrial cells grown on collagen.

1986 • 66 citations

Increased activity of plasminogen activators during involution of the rat ventral prostate

1984 • 63 citations

Psychological stress and phorbol ester inhibition of radiation-induced apoptosis in human peripheral blood leukocytes

1990 • 63 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced cell-size changes and nuclear fragility in rat thymocytes

1981 • 63 citations

Formation of UV-induced apoptosis relates to the cell cycle

1982 • 62 citations

Isolation of a cDNA clone, encoding a human β-galactoside binding protein, overexpressed during glucocorticoid-induced cell death

1991 • 60 citations

Modulation of thymocyte apoptosis by isoproterenol and prostaglandin E2

1991 • 54 citations

Inhibition of protein synthesis reduces the cytotoxicity of 4'-(9-acridinylamino) methane-sulfon-m-anisidide without affecting DNA breakage and DNA topoisomerase ii in a murine mastocytoma cell line

1989 • 53 citations

Perspectives on Mammalian Cell Death

1988 • 53 citations

Cell Transformation and Radiation-induced Cancer

1990 • 52 citations

Apoptosis as the mode of cell death in antibody-dependent lymphocytotoxicity

1985 • 52 citations

Cell Volume Reduction Associated with Interphase Death in Rat Thymocytes

1981 • 52 citations

Sequential ultrastructural changes of the pancreas in zinc toxicosis in ducklings.

1989 • 52 citations

Radiation-Induced Formation of Apoptotic Bodies in Rat Thymus

1985 • 51 citations

Apoptosis (cell death) induced in mouse bowel by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, methylazoxymethanol acetate, and gamma-rays.

1989 • 49 citations

Cultured Chinese hamster cells undergo apoptosis after exposure to cold but nonfreezing temperatures

1990 • 48 citations

Control of cell death (apoptosis) by diethylstilbestrol in an estrogen-dependent kidney tumor

1991 • 48 citations

Interruption of the Sequential Release of Small and Large Molecules from Tumor Cells by Low Temperature During Cytolysis Mediated by Immune T-Cells or Complement

1974 • 47 citations

Dexamethasone‐induced killing of neoplastic cells of lymphoid derivation: Lack of early calcium involvement

1990 • 47 citations

Molecular changes associated with induction of cell death in a human T-cell leukaemia line: Putative nucleases identified as histones

1989 • 46 citations

Differential Radiation Response Amongst Proliferating Epithelial Cells

1978 • 46 citations

Metabolic and ultrastructural aspects of the in vitro lysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by glucocorticoids.

1982 • 45 citations

The relative effects of different types of growth factors on DNA replication, mitosis, and cellular enlargement

1984 • 45 citations

Concentration of 17 elements in subcellular fractions of beef heart tissue determined by neutron activation analysis

1965 • 44 citations

Degradation of cells dying by apoptosis leads to accumulation of ε(γ‐glutamyl)lysine isodipeptide in culture fluid and blood

1991 • 44 citations

Studies on the mechanism of lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. VI. A reappraisal of the requirement for protein synthesis during T cell-mediated lysis.

1976 • 43 citations

Periodic mitotic events induced in the absence of DNA replication.

1987 • 42 citations

Separate glucocorticoid, heavy metal, and heat shock domains in thymic lymphocytes.

1983 • 40 citations

THE ROLE OF THE bcl‐2 GENE IN LYMPHOMA

1990 • 39 citations

Distinct pathways of CD4 and CD8 cells induce rapid target DNA fragmentation.

1991 • 39 citations

Polymyxin B inhibits phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, but not chemotactic factor, induced effects in rabbit neutrophils

1985 • 38 citations

Cells without growth factors commit suicide

1988 • 37 citations

Isolation of a human repetitive sequence and its application to regional chromosome mapping.

1982 • 36 citations

Characteristics of enzymatic DNA methylation in cultured cells of human and hamster origin, and the effect of DNA replication inhibition

1982 • 36 citations

Activities of Cathepsin D in Rat Prostate During Castration Induced Involution

1982 • 35 citations

Ultrastructural alterations in avian leukemia myeloblasts exposed to actinomycin D in vitro.

1966 • 35 citations

Induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in mature lymphocytes

1991 • 32 citations

Supercoiled DNA Repair in Thymocyte Fractions Differing in Radiosensitivity

1982 • 30 citations

The Role of Zinc in Miillerian Duct Regression*

1982 • 30 citations

Programmed death in the nervous system of a moth

1982 • 30 citations

Apoptosis of murine BW 5147 thymoma cells induced by dexamethasone and γ‐irradiation

1991 • 30 citations

Suicidal Death of Rat Chloroleukaemia Cells By Activation of the Long Interspersed Repetitive Dna Element (L1rn)

1988 • 29 citations

Activation of signal transduction pathways protects quiescent Balb/c‐3T3 fibroblasts against death due to serum deprivation

1991 • 28 citations

Comparison of dexamethasone and lovastatin (mevinolin) as growth inhibitors in cultures of T-cell derived human acute leukemia lines (CEM)

1989 • 28 citations

Acid Ribonuclease in Rat Prostate During Castration-Induced Involution1

1980 • 28 citations

Actinomycin D: effects on Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma in mice.

1966 • 28 citations

Chromosomal assignment of the human homologue encoding SGP-2

1990 • 27 citations

Two types of interphase death of lymphocytes exposed to temperatures of 37--45 degrees C.

1980 • 27 citations

Potentiation of etoposide cytotoxicity against a human ovarian cancer cell line by pretreatment with non-toxic concentrations of methotrexate or aphidicolin

1992 • 26 citations

Phorbol esters inactivate the lytic apparatus of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

1984 • 25 citations

Specific loss of microtubules in HL-60 cells leads to programmed cell death (apoptosis)

1990 • 25 citations

Effect of castration and testosterone administration on the neuromuscular junction in the levator ani muscle of the rat

1978 • 25 citations

Dexamethasone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin can induce thymic atrophy by different mechanisms in mice

1991 • 24 citations

Immediate effects of serum depletion on dissociation between growth in size and cell division in proliferating 3T3 cells

1986 • 23 citations

Ultrastructural studies on paneth cell apoptosis in zinc deficient rats

1980 • 23 citations

Regulation of cell turnover in the livers of tumour‐bearing rats: Occurrence of apoptosis

1989 • 23 citations

Cytotoxic mechanisms of murine lymphokine-activated killer cells: Functional and biochemical characterization of homogeneous populations of spleen LAK cells

1990 • 23 citations

Insect systems for the study of programmed neuronal death

1992 • 22 citations

Programmed cell death: Nature of the nervous signal controlling breakdown of intersegmental muscles

1971 • 22 citations

Two Types of Interphase Death of Lymphocytes Exposed to Temperatures of 37-45°C

1980 • 22 citations

Changes in surface morphology of rat thymocytes accompanying interphase death.

1980 • 21 citations

Composition, synthetic and cytolytic activities of Galleria mellonella silk glands during the last-larval instar under the action of juvenile hormone

1983 • 19 citations

The relationship between inhibition of plasminogen-activator activity and prostatic involution

1988 • 18 citations

DNA Repair in Thymus Lymphocytes after Irradiation

1972 • 17 citations

Higher-Order Structure Of Chromatin From Resting Cells : I. Electron Microscopy Of Chromatin From Calf Thymus

1983 • 17 citations

Insensitivity to the cytolytic effects of glucocorticoids in vivo is associated with a novel "slow death" phenotype.

1991 • 16 citations

The absence of androgen-sensitivity in the grafted soleus muscle innervated by the pudendal nerve

1974 • 15 citations

Cell death (apoptosis) in mouse intestine after continuous irradiation with gamma rays and with beta rays from tritiated water.

1989 • 15 citations

The role of apoptosis in atrophy of the small gut mucosa produced by repeated administration of cytosine arabinoside

1984 • 14 citations

Natural Killer Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells Induce DNA Fragmentation in Both Human and Murine Target Cells in Vitro

1989 • 14 citations

Cell Death (Apoptosis) in Mouse Intestine after Continuous Irradiation with γ Rays and with β Rays from Tritiated Water

1989 • 13 citations

DNA and protein components of nuclear acceptor sites for androgen receptors in the rat prostate

1987 • 12 citations

Immune Cytolysis Viewed as a Stimulatory Process of the Target

1985 • 12 citations

Macromolecular synthesis during the sensitization of rat lymphocytes on mouse fibroblasts in vitro

1971 • 12 citations

The inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity and its reversal

1982 • 11 citations

A Discussion on natural strain and geological structure - Diffusion in metamorphic tectonites: lattice-fixed reference frames

1976 • 11 citations

Spontaneous release of nucleosome cores from embryoblast chromatin

1982 • 9 citations

Stimulation of rna transcription by juvenile hormone in degenerating silk glands

1982 • 8 citations

Changes in nuclear protein pattern by glucocorticoid treatment of lymphoid cells

1989 • 5 citations

Regeneration of the uterine epithelium in later stages of pseudopregnancy in the rabbit

1986 • 5 citations

Priming effect of 2,3-dibenzylbutane-1,4-diol (mammalian lignan) on superoxide production in human neutrophils

1990 • 5 citations