Apoptosis. Its significance in cancer and cancer Therapy

Apoptosis: A Basic Biological Phenomenon with Wideranging Implications in Tissue Kinetics

1972 • 15,349 citations

Cell Death: The Significance of Apoptosis

1980 • 7,281 citations

Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumours

1992 • 4,648 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation

1980 • 4,591 citations

Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death

1990 • 3,817 citations

Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic lymphocytes triggers specific recognition and removal by macrophages.

1992 • 3,279 citations

Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells

1988 • 3,194 citations

Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein

1992 • 2,977 citations

p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes

1993 • 2,911 citations

Induced expression of PD-1, a novel member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, upon programmed cell death.

1992 • 2,906 citations

The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis

1991 • 2,815 citations

Social controls on cell survival and cell death

1992 • 2,641 citations

Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and independent pathways

1993 • 2,322 citations

Wild-type p53 induces apoptosis of myeloid leukaemic cells that is inhibited by interleukin-6

1991 • 2,127 citations

Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Tumor Regression by Induction of Apoptosis

1989 • 1,739 citations

Programmed cell death involved in the schizolysigenous formation of the secretory cavity in Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)

2010 • 1,629 citations

Chromatin cleavage in apoptosis: Association with condensed chromatin morphology and dependence on macromolecular synthesis

1984 • 1,586 citations

Macrophage phagocytosis of aging neutrophils in inflammation. Programmed cell death in the neutrophil leads to its recognition by macrophages.

1989 • 1,540 citations

Shrinkage necrosis: A distinct mode of cellular death

1971 • 1,448 citations

Glucocorticoid activation of a calcium-dependent endonuclease in thymocyte nuclei leads to cell death.

1984 • 1,441 citations

Apoptosis: Mechanisms and Roles in Pathology

1991 • 1,368 citations

BCL2 protein is topographically restricted in tissues characterized by apoptotic cell death.

1991 • 1,301 citations

Antibodies to CD3/T-cell receptor complex induce death by apoptosis in immature T cells in thymic cultures

1989 • 1,159 citations

Apoptotic death in epithelial cells: cleavage of DNA to 300 and/or 50 kb fragments prior to or in the absence of internucleosomal fragmentation.

1993 • 1,144 citations

Apoptosis and Programmed Cell Death in Immunity

1992 • 1,105 citations

Mechanism of antigen-driven selection in germinal centres

1989 • 1,097 citations

Bcl-2 initiates a new category of oncogenes: regulators of cell death

1992 • 1,078 citations

Expression of the protooncogene bcl-2 in the prostate and its association with emergence of androgen-independent prostate cancer.

1992 • 1,063 citations

Phagocyte recognition of cells undergoing apoptosis

1993 • 1,000 citations

Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2

1992 • 981 citations

Haemopoietic colony stimulating factors promote cell survival by suppressing apoptosis

1990 • 945 citations

Gene induction by gamma-irradiation leads to DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes.

1987 • 923 citations

Activation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by cisplatin, other anticancer drugs, toxins and hyperthermia

1990 • 887 citations

Induction of apoptosis by wild-type p53 in a human colon tumor-derived cell line.

1992 • 871 citations

Vitronectin receptor-mediated phagocytosis of cells undergoing apoptosis

1990 • 871 citations

Apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs

1992 • 861 citations

Constitutive c-myc expression in an IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line suppresses cell cycle arrest and accelerates apoptosis.

1991 • 861 citations

Bcl-2 initiates a new category of oncogenes: regulators of cell death

1992 • 860 citations

Purification and molecular cloning of the APO-1 cell surface antigen, a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily. Sequence identity with the Fas antigen.

1992 • 857 citations

Programmed cell death: Apoptosis and oncogenesis

1991 • 856 citations

Thrombospondin cooperates with CD36 and the vitronectin receptor in macrophage recognition of neutrophils undergoing apoptosis.

1992 • 818 citations

Continuous c-fos expression precedes programmed cell death in vivo

1993 • 784 citations

Radiation Biology in Cancer Research

1980 • 782 citations

Cooperative interaction between c-myc and bcl-2 proto-oncogenes

1992 • 766 citations

Bcl-2 blocks apoptosis in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA

1993 • 758 citations

Activation of Programmed Cell Death in the Rat Ventral Prostate after Castration*

1988 • 730 citations

Role for c-myc in Activation-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in T Cell Hybridomas

1992 • 705 citations

Key morphological features of apoptosis may occur in the absence of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation

1992 • 685 citations

Endogenous endonuclease-induced DNA fragmentation: an early event in cell-mediated cytolysis.

1983 • 616 citations

Death and the cell

1986 • 616 citations

Apoptosis and the regulation of cell numbers in normal and neoplastic tissues: an overview

1992 • 600 citations

Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System

1991 • 575 citations

Characterization of the endogenous deoxyribonuclease involved in nuclear DNA degradation during apoptosis (programmed cell death).

1993 • 554 citations

Apoptosis-the molecular basis of cell death

1992 • 517 citations

Biochemical Identification of Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) in Granulosa Cells: Evidence for a Potential Mechanism Underlying Follicular Atresia*

1991 • 510 citations

Necrosis and apoptosis: distinct modes of cell death with fundamentally different significance.

1982 • 500 citations

Induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in human leukemic HL-60 cells by inhibition of RNA or protein synthesis.

1990 • 489 citations

bcl-2 gene transfer increases relative resistance of S49.1 and WEHI7.2 lymphoid cells to cell death and DNA fragmentation induced by glucocorticoids and multiple chemotherapeutic drugs.

1992 • 487 citations

Patterns of cell death.

1988 • 470 citations

Induction and activation of tissue transglutaminase during programmed cell death

1987 • 467 citations

Induction of the TRPM-2 gene in cells undergoing programmed death.

1989 • 466 citations

Internucleosomal DNA Cleavage Should not be the Sole Criterion for Identifying Apoptosis

1992 • 462 citations

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -Dioxin Kills Immature Thymocytes by Ca ²⁺ -Mediated Endonuclease Activation

1988 • 460 citations

Macrophage recognition of cells undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis).

1985 • 460 citations

Cell Death Mechanisms and the Immune System

1991 • 459 citations

Definition and incidence of apoptosis : an historical perspective

1991 • 458 citations

Determination of the length of the histological stages of apoptosis in normal liver and in altered hepatic foci of rats

1990 • 457 citations

Purification of three cytotoxic lymphocyte granule serine proteases that induce apoptosis through distinct substrate and target cell interactions.

1992 • 447 citations

Programmed cell death during regression of the MCF-7 human breast cancer following estrogen ablation.

1991 • 429 citations

Identification of Deoxyribonuclease II as an Endonuclease Involved in Apoptosis

1993 • 428 citations

Apoptosis: molecular mechanisms in programmed cell death.

1991 • 425 citations

Extreme sensitivity of some intestinal crypt cells to X and γ irradiation

1977 • 417 citations

Drug-target interactions: only the first step in the commitment to a programmed cell death?

1991 • 412 citations

Expression and involvement of c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes in programmed cell death induced by growth factor deprivation in lymphoid cell lines.

1992 • 401 citations

IL-2 addiction: withdrawal of growth factor activates a suicide program in dependent T cells.

1986 • 380 citations

Controlled death (apoptosis) of normal and putative preneoplastic cells in rat liver following withdrawal of tumor promoters

1984 • 369 citations

Cascade Induction of c-fos, c-myc, and Heat Shock 70K Transcripts during Regression of the Rat Ventral Prostate Gland

1988 • 355 citations

Cell death by apoptosis during involution of the lactating breast in mice and rats

1989 • 341 citations

Perspectives on mammalian cell death

1988 • 334 citations

Cell Death Induced in a Murine Mastocytoma by 42–47°C Heatingin Vitro: Evidence that the Form of Death Changes from Apoptosis to Necrosis Above a Critical Heat Load

1990 • 316 citations

Identification, purification, and characterization of a calcium-dependent endonuclease (NUC18) from apoptotic rat thymocytes. NUC18 is not histone H2B.

1991 • 301 citations

An electron‐microscope study of the mode of cell death induced by cancer‐chemotherapeutic agents in populations of proliferating normal and neoplastic cells

1975 • 300 citations

Differential regulation of human monocyte programmed cell death (apoptosis) by chemotactic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

1991 • 294 citations

Identification of mRNAs Associated with Programmed Cell Death in Immature Thymocytes

1991 • 286 citations

Deletion of cells by apoptosis during castration-induced involution of the rat prostate

1973 • 285 citations

Induction of apoptosis by monoclonal antibody anti-APO-1 class switch variants is dependent on cross-linking of APO-1 cell surface antigens.

1992 • 282 citations

Active cell death in hormone-dependent tissues

1992 • 264 citations

Cellular signalling in programmed cell death (apoptosis)

1990 • 255 citations

Apoptotic hepatocytes become insoluble in detergents and chaotropic agents as a result of transglutaminase action

1989 • 254 citations

Microfilament-disrupting agents prevent the formation of apoptotic bodies in tumor cells undergoing apoptosis.

1992 • 250 citations

Hormone-induced cell death. Purification ad properties of thymocytes undergoing apoptosis after glucocorticoid treatment.

1982 • 244 citations

Identification of mRNAs associated with programmed cell death in immature thymocytes.

1991 • 242 citations

Radiation-induced Interphase Death of Rat Thymocytes is Internally Programmed (Apoptosis)

1988 • 239 citations

bcl-2 modulation of apoptosis induced by anticancer drugs: resistance to thymidylate stress is independent of classical resistance pathways.

1993 • 238 citations

An electron-microscope study of cell deletion in the anuran tadpole tail during spontaneous metamorphosis with special reference to apoptosis of striated muscle fibres

1974 • 238 citations

Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells by fibroblast growth factor deprivation

1990 • 230 citations

A suggested explanation for the paradoxically slow growth rate of basal‐cell carcinomas that contain numerous mitotic figures

1972 • 227 citations

Insulin-like growth factor-I inhibits apoptosis in IL-3-dependent hemopoietic cells.

1992 • 225 citations

Genome digestion is a dispensable consequence of physiological cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

1992 • 225 citations

Interleukin 3 protects murine bone marrow cells from apoptosis induced by DNA damaging agents.

1992 • 224 citations

THE BIOLOGY OF CELL DEATH IN TUMOURS

1973 • 222 citations

p53: the ultimate tumor suppressor gene?

1992 • 209 citations

Activation-induced cell death in T cell hybridomas is due to apoptosis. Morphologic aspects and DNA fragmentation.

1990 • 201 citations

Apoptosis in irradiated murine tumors.

1991 • 199 citations

Induction of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in human myeloid leukemia cells by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.

1991 • 198 citations

Hematopoietic cytokines inhibit apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 and cancer chemotherapy compounds in myeloid leukemic cells

1992 • 195 citations

Activation-driven T cell death. I. Requirements for de novo transcription and translation and association with genome fragmentation.

1989 • 194 citations

Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces apoptosis in mammary adenocarcinoma cells by an increase in intranuclear free Ca2+ concentration and DNA fragmentation.

1992 • 190 citations

Induction of DNA fragmentation in chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia cells.

1991 • 189 citations

Involvement of BCL-2 in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human pre-B-leukemias.

1992 • 188 citations

DNA fragmentation induced in macrophages by gliotoxin does not require protein synthesis and is preceded by raised inositol triphosphate levels.

1990 • 185 citations

Perspectives on mammalian cell death.

1987 • 183 citations

The expression of "tissue" transglutaminase in two human cancer cell lines is related with the programmed cell death (apoptosis).

1991 • 183 citations

Adrenocortical cell deletion: The role of ACTH

1973 • 180 citations

Rodent fibroblast tumours expressing human myc and ras genes: growth, metastasis and endogenous oncogene expression

1987 • 179 citations

The Role of Apoptosis in the Response of Cells and Tumours to Mild Hyperthermia

1991 • 176 citations

Cell death in spermatogenesis

1987 • 174 citations

CTL: virus control cells first and cytolytic cells second? DNA fragmentation, apoptosis and the prelytic halt hypothesis

1989 • 169 citations

Bcl-2 prevents death of factor-deprived cells but fails to prevent apoptosis in targets of cell mediated killing

1992 • 165 citations

Apoptosis induced by mild hyperthermia in human and murine tumour cell lines: A study using electron microscopy and DNA gel electrophoresis

1991 • 162 citations

Hyperthermia Induces Apoptosis in Thymocytes

1991 • 158 citations

Hormonal control of apoptosis in hamster uterine luminal epithelium

1979 • 156 citations

Transforming growth factor beta 1 induces apoptotic cell death in cultured human gastric carcinoma cells.

1992 • 152 citations

Apoptosis in Irradiated Murine Tumors

1991 • 150 citations

Apoptosis and DNA fragmentation precede TNF‐induced cytolysis in U937 cells

1992 • 146 citations

The mechanism of T cell mediated cytotoxicity II. morphological studies of cell death by time-lapse microcinematography

1976 • 146 citations

Hematopoietic cytokines inhibit apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 and cancer chemotherapy compounds in myeloid leukemic cells

1992 • 145 citations

?Tissue? transglutaminase is specifically expressed in neonatal rat liver cells undergoing apoptosis upon epidermal growth factor-stimulation

1991 • 138 citations

Activation of internucleosomal DNA cleavage in human CEM lymphocytes by glucocorticoid and novobiocin. Evidence for a non-Ca2(+)-requiring mechanism(s).

1990 • 134 citations

Flow cytometry and biochemical analysis of DNA degradation characteristic of two types of cell death

1986 • 129 citations

Induction of apoptosis--new targets for cancer chemotherapy.

1992 • 121 citations

Cell Death Studies Yield Cancer Clues

1993 • 120 citations

Occurrence of cell death (apoptosis) in preneoplastic and neoplastic liver cells. A sequential study.

1984 • 115 citations

Apoptosis: mode of cell death induced in T cell leukemia lines by dexamethasone and other agents

1991 • 115 citations

Cellular events in experimental unilateral ischemic renal atrophy and in regeneration after contralateral nephrectomy.

1990 • 114 citations

Expression of the human apolipoprotein AI gene fused to the E. coli gene for β‐galactosidase

1986 • 113 citations

Mechanisms of immune lysis. III. Characterization of the nature and kinetics of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-induced nuclear lesion in the target.

1982 • 113 citations

The induction of apoptosis by chemotherapeutic agents occurs in all phases of the cell cycle.

1992 • 113 citations

Spontaneous Regression in Basal Cell Carcinomas

1979 • 112 citations

Microcinematographic and electron microscopic analysis of target cell lysis induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

1979 • 111 citations

Cellular Kinetics, Dosimetry, and Radiobiology of α-Particle Radioimmunotherapy: Induction of Apoptosis

1992 • 110 citations

Proportions of Mitotic and Apoptotic Cells In A Range of Untreated Experimental Tumours

1988 • 101 citations

Ultrastructural changes in the theca interna during follicular atresia in sheep

1978 • 101 citations

Apoptosis as the mechanism of the involution of hair follicles in catagen transformation

1981 • 100 citations

Biochemical evidence for programmed cell death in rabbit uterine epithelium.

1989 • 95 citations

The topoisomerase II inhibitor teniposide (VM-26) induces apoptosis in unstimulated mature murine lymphocytes

1992 • 95 citations

DEATH OF CELLS BY APOPTOSIS FOLLOWING ATTACHMENT OF SPECIFICALLY ALLERGIZED LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO

1977 • 93 citations

Programmed cell death : the cellular and molecular biology of apoptosis

1993 • 90 citations

Fate of senescent megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.

1983 • 88 citations

Effects of cycloheximide on B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemic and normal lymphocytes in vitro: induction of apoptosis

1991 • 87 citations

Preferential distribution of apoptotic bodies in acinar zone 3 of normal human and rat liver

1988 • 86 citations

Cytolysis induced by human lymphotoxin.

1972 • 85 citations

Searching For the Function of Tissue Transglutaminase: Its Possible Involvement in the Biochemical Pathway of Programmed Cell Death

1988 • 81 citations

Kinetic and Physical Studies of Cell Death Induced By Chemotherapeutic Agents Or Hyperthermia

1986 • 79 citations

Evidence for soluble factors regulating cell death and cell proliferation in primary cultures of rabbit endometrial cells grown on collagen.

1986 • 66 citations

Mitochondrial DNA is not fragmented during apoptosis.

1992 • 66 citations

Elevations in cytosolic free Ca2+ are not required to trigger apoptosis in human leukaemia cells

1992 • 65 citations

Sustained release formulations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75 inhibit proliferation and enhance apoptotic cell death of human prostate carcinoma (PC-82) in male nude mice.

1992 • 64 citations

The effect of hyperthermia on the neuroepithelium of the 21‐day guinea‐pig foetus: Histologic and ultrastructural study

1976 • 63 citations

Response of Parotid Gland Organ Culture to Radiation

1989 • 62 citations

Grwoth Inhibition of Mouse MXT Mammary Tumor by the Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist SB-75

1990 • 60 citations

The spontaneous occurrence of apoptosis in squamous carcinomas of the uterine cervix

1973 • 59 citations

Ultrastructural Radiation Injury of Rat Parotid Gland: A Histopathologic Dose-Response Study

1974 • 56 citations

Identification and characterization of glucocorticoid-regulated nuclease(s) in lymphoid cells undergoing apoptosis

1991 • 53 citations

Dexamethasone‐induced killing of neoplastic cells of lymphoid derivation: Lack of early calcium involvement

1990 • 47 citations

Metabolic and ultrastructural aspects of the in vitro lysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by glucocorticoids.

1982 • 45 citations

Identification of genes involved in programmed cell death

1992 • 43 citations

The effect of cycloheximide on natural and X-ray-induced cell death in the developing cerebral cortex

1992 • 40 citations

AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE MODE OF DONOR CELL DEATH IN UNMODIFIED REJECTION OF PIG LIVER ALLOGRAFTS

1977 • 39 citations

IL3-Dependent Cells Die by Apoptosis on Removal of their Growth Factor

1991 • 35 citations

The morphologic categorization of cell death induced by mild hyperthermia and comparison with death induced by ionizing radiation and cytotoxic drugs.

1986 • 34 citations

Differential expression of clusterin in inducible models of apoptosis

1992 • 34 citations

Cell Death by Apoptosis Following X-irradiation of the Foetal and Neonatal Rat Kidney

1988 • 32 citations

An ultrastructural study of spontaneous cell death in a mouse mastocytoma with particular reference to dark cells

1987 • 32 citations

The relationship between apoptosis and atrophy in the irradiated lacrimal gland

1992 • 31 citations

Teniposide induces nuclear but not mitochondrial DNA degradation.

1992 • 31 citations

ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN LYMPHOCYTES EXPOSED TO NOXIOUS AGENTS IN VITRO

1966 • 31 citations

Induction of apoptosis in CD4+ prolymphocytic leukemia by deoxyadenosine and 2′-deoxycoformycin

1992 • 27 citations

The role of natural killer cells in the intravascular death of intravenously injected murine tumour cells

1983 • 24 citations

Quantitative histological changes in a human melanoma xenograft following exposure to single dose irradiation and hyperthermia

1991 • 20 citations

The mechanism of K cell (antibody-dependent) cell mediated cytotoxicity II. Characteristics of the effector cell and morphological changes in the target cell

1977 • 20 citations

Beta-radiation from Tracer Doses of³²P Induces Massive Apoptosis in a Burkitt's Lymphoma Cell Line

1992 • 17 citations

Apoptosis in the Apo-1 system

1991 • 15 citations