The role of TNFalpha and lymphotoxin in demyelinating disease

Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns

1998 • 16,410 citations

Axonal Transection in the Lesions of Multiple Sclerosis

1998 • 4,007 citations

Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays

1996 • 2,796 citations

Tumor necrosis factor mediates myelin and oligodendrocyte damage in vitro

1988 • 1,371 citations

Genome-wide expression monitoring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1997 • 990 citations

TNF neutralization in MS

1999 • 968 citations

Multiple Sclerosis: A Coordinated Immunological Attack against Myelin in the Central Nervous System

1996 • 903 citations

Identification of autoantibodies associated with myelin damage in multiple sclerosis

1999 • 881 citations

Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma.

1993 • 837 citations

Association between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Disease Progression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

1991 • 794 citations

Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain.

1989 • 793 citations

Identification of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor in multiple sclerosis lesions.

1991 • 735 citations

Increased MRI activity and immune activation in two multiple sclerosis patients treated with the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody cA2

1996 • 715 citations

An antibody to lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor prevents transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

1990 • 692 citations

Matrix metalloproteinases and diseases of the CNS

1998 • 646 citations

Array of hope

1999 • 567 citations

Matrix metalloproteinases in immunity.

1996 • 554 citations

TNF is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune-mediated demyelination

1998 • 553 citations

Proliferation of astrocytes in vitro in response to cytokines. A primary role for tumor necrosis factor.

1990 • 548 citations

Cytokine cytotoxicity against oligodendrocytes. Apoptosis induced by lymphotoxin.

1991 • 455 citations

Anti—tumor necrosis factor therapy abrogates autoimmune demyelination

1991 • 434 citations

Myelin Basic Protein–specific T Helper 2 (Th2) Cells Cause Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Immunodeficient Hosts Rather than Protect Them from the Disease

1997 • 433 citations

Spontaneous inflammatory demyelinating disease in transgenic mice showing central nervous system-specific expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha.

1995 • 407 citations

Increased production of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor precedes clinical manifestation in multiple sclerosis: Do cytokines trigger off exacerbations?

1988 • 404 citations

TNF-alpha expression by resident microglia and infiltrating leukocytes in the central nervous system of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Regulation by Th1 cytokines.

1995 • 401 citations

Treatment of experimental encephalomyelitis with a peptide analogue of myelin basic protein

1996 • 389 citations

Interferon β‐1b decreases the migration of T lymphocytes in vitro: Effects on matrix metalloproteinase‐9

1996 • 363 citations

The antidepressant rolipram suppresses cytokine production and prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1995 • 345 citations

Interferon beta in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

1998 • 340 citations

Reversal of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with a hydroxamate inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases.

1994 • 338 citations

Tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger RNA expression in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis is associated with disease activity

1995 • 336 citations

Cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis

1991 • 330 citations

Oligodendrocyte Apoptosis and Primary Demyelination Induced by Local TNF/p55TNF Receptor Signaling in the Central Nervous System of Transgenic Mice

1998 • 317 citations

Interferon beta‐1b inhibits gelatinase secretion and in vitro migration of human T cells: A possible mechanism for treatment efficacy in multiple sclerosis

1996 • 302 citations

Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Normal Human Central Nervous System, Microglial Nodules, and Multiple Sclerosis Lesions

1996 • 290 citations

Gelatinase in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological disorders

1992 • 286 citations

Lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by myelin basic protein-specific T cell clones correlates with encephalitogenicity

1990 • 285 citations

Effect of steroids on CSF matrix metalloproteinases in multiple sclerosis

1996 • 278 citations

Cytokine accumulations in CSF of multiple sclerosis patients

1990 • 270 citations

Interferon β decreases T cell activation and interferon γ production in multiple sclerosis

1993 • 264 citations

Type I IFNs Inhibit Human Dendritic Cell IL-12 Production and Th1 Cell Development

1998 • 264 citations

Induction of relapsing paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by bacterial superantigen

1993 • 260 citations

Astrocyte-specific but not neuron-specific transmembrane TNF triggers inflammation and degeneration in the central nervous system of transgenic mice.

1997 • 255 citations

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B) is selectively elevated in CSF during relapses and stable phases of multiple sclerosis

1998 • 248 citations

The Expression of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator, Matrix Metalloproteases and Endogenous Inhibitors in the Central Nervous System in Multiple Sclerosis

1996 • 247 citations

Interferon beta induces interleukin‐10 expression: Relevance to multiple sclerosis

1996 • 240 citations

Critical Points of Tumor Necrosis Factor Action in Central Nervous System Autoimmune Inflammation Defined by Gene Targeting

1997 • 239 citations

Cytokine mRNA expression in inflammatory multiple sclerosis lesions: Detection by non-radioactive in situ hybridization

1993 • 239 citations

Control of established experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity within the central nervous system using monoclonal antibodies and TNF receptor‐immunoglobulin fusion proteins

1994 • 232 citations

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with Copolymer-1 (Copaxone®): implicating mechanisms of Th1 to Th2/Th3 immune-deviation

1998 • 226 citations

Reversal of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a soluble peptide variant of a myelin basic protein epitope: T cell receptor antagonism and reduction of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha production.

1994 • 216 citations

Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Astrocytes, Microglia and Neurons

1996 • 211 citations

In vivo relationship of tumor necrosis factor-α to blood-brain barrier damage in patients with active multiple sclerosis

1992 • 207 citations

Matrix metalloproteinase expression during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and effects of a combined matrix metalloproteinase and tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor

1997 • 205 citations

Differential Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines Parallels Progression of Central Nervous System Pathology in Two Clinically Distinct Models of Multiple Sclerosis

1998 • 200 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Lymphotoxin α Are Not Required for Induction of Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

1997 • 197 citations

Gelatinase B is present in the cerebrospinal fluid during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cleaves myelin basic protein

1993 • 192 citations

A Critical Role for Lymphotoxin in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis

1997 • 187 citations

Expression of metalloproteinases and metalloproteinase inhibitors by fetal astrocytes and glioma cells.

1990 • 180 citations

Cytokine production in the central nervous system of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: dynamics of mRNA expression for interleukin-10, interleukin-12, cytolysin, tumor necrosis factor α and tumor necrosis factor β

1995 • 179 citations

Prevention of autoimmune demyelination in non-human primates by a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

1995 • 178 citations

Prevention of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I

1995 • 177 citations

Challenging Cytokine Redundancy: Inflammatory Cell Movement and Clinical Course of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Are Normal in Lymphotoxin-deficient, but Not Tumor Necrosis Factor–deficient, Mice

1998 • 170 citations

Enhanced expression of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in demyelinating multiple sclerosis lesions

1997 • 169 citations

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline, a selective suppressor of T helper type 1‐ but not type 2‐associated lymphokine production, prevents induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats

1993 • 168 citations

Patterns of cytokine secretion by autoreactive proteolipid protein-specific T cell clones during the course of multiple sclerosis.

1995 • 166 citations

Differential tumor necrosis factor alpha expression by astrocytes from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis-susceptible and -resistant rat strains.

1991 • 157 citations

Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Ro31-9790

1995 • 146 citations

Oligodendrocytes utilize a matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-9, to extend processes along an astrocyte extracellular matrix

1998 • 143 citations

Increased severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, chronic macrophage/microglial reactivity, and demyelination in transgenic mice producing tumor necrosis factor‐α in the central nervous system

1997 • 142 citations

Microglial production of TNF-alpha is induced by activated T lymphocytes. Involvement of VLA-4 and inhibition by interferonbeta-1b.

1997 • 139 citations

TNF-α receptor fusion protein prevents experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis and demyelination in Lewis rats: an overview

1997 • 132 citations

Human tumor necrosis factor-α augments experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats

1991 • 130 citations

Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 on fluid-phase permeability and ammonia diffusion in CNS-derived endothelial cells.

1996 • 126 citations

Effective treatment of models of multiple sclerosis by matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors

1998 • 124 citations

Recombinant Interferon-β blocks proliferation but enhances interleukin-10 secretion by activated human T-cells

1996 • 122 citations

Fine specificity of the antibody response to myelin basic protein in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis: the minimal B-cell epitope and a model of its features.

1995 • 111 citations

Pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, induces immune deviation in patients with multiple sclerosis

1996 • 109 citations

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and tumor‐necrosis factor‐α‐induced relapses of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: Protection by transforming growth factor‐β and interleukin‐10

1995 • 108 citations

Cytokines and Murine Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Inhibition or Enhancement of Disease with Antibodies to Select Cytokines, or by Delivery of Exogenous Cytokines Using a Recombinant Vaccinia Virus System

1995 • 95 citations

Some Misconceptions about Understanding Autoimmunity through Experiments with Knockouts

1997 • 94 citations

Augmented expression of tumour necrosis factor-α and lymphotoxin in mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis

1996 • 90 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Induced Proliferation of Astrocytes from Mature Brain Is Associated with Down‐Regulation of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein mRNA

1991 • 89 citations

Proteolytic enzyme activity of blood leukocytes and cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis

1978 • 89 citations

Protease production by cultured microglia: Substrate gel analysis and immobilized matrix degradation

1993 • 83 citations

Multiple sclerosis: expression of molecules of the tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families in relationship to the demyelinated plaque.

1998 • 80 citations

Therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibition in chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease

1997 • 77 citations

Glucocorticosteroid therapy for multiple sclerosis: A critical review

1998 • 74 citations

Defective production of anti-inflammatory cytokine, TGF-beta by T cell lines of patients with active multiple sclerosis.

1994 • 73 citations

Delayed-type hypersensitivity lesions in the central nervous system are prevented by inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases

1996 • 69 citations

Tumour necrosis factor causes an increase in axonal transport of protein and demyelination in the mouse optic nerve

1992 • 65 citations

Multiple sclerosis: the proinflammatory cytokines lymphotoxin-α and tumour necrosis factor-α are upregulated in cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells

1996 • 60 citations

Pentoxifylline inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

2009 • 59 citations

Human recombinant interferon‐β influences T helper subset differentiation by regulating cytokine secretion pattern and expression of homing receptors

1997 • 55 citations

Local Delivery of TNF by Retrovirus-Transduced T Lymphocytes Exacerbates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

1999 • 52 citations

Genetics of Demyelinating Diseases

1996 • 50 citations

Tumor necrosis factor α and its receptors in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

1997 • 49 citations

Interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients

1997 • 48 citations

The role of TNFalpha and lymphotoxin in demyelinating disease

1999 • 42 citations

Pathogenesis of inflammatory demyelination

1995 • 41 citations

A tumor necrosis factor-induced model of human primary demyelinating diseases develops in immunodeficient mice

1999 • 36 citations

Interferon beta-1b treatment modulates TNFα and IFNγ spontaneous gene expression in MS

1999 • 33 citations

Antagonism of interferon beta on interferon gamma: inhibition of signal transduction in vitro and reduction of serum levels in multiple sclerosis patients.

1995 • 28 citations

Toxicity in a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial with D-penicillamine and metacycline in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

1998 • 21 citations

A pilot study investigating the effects of orally administered pentoxifylline on selected immune variables in patients with multiple sclerosis

1996 • 20 citations

Proteolytic Activity in CSF

1978 • 18 citations

A tumor necrosis factor-induced model of human primary demyelinating diseases develops in immunodeficient mice

1999 • 15 citations

Pentoxifylline is not a promising treatment for multiple sclerosis in progression phase

1998 • 14 citations

Data on cytokine mRNA expression in CSF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients as detected by PCR

1998 • 10 citations

Decreases in T-Cell Tumor Necrosis Factor α Binding With Interferon Beta Treatment in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

1999 • 8 citations

Delayed-type hypersensitivity lesions in the central nervous system are prevented by inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases

1996 • 4 citations

Toxicity in a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial with D-penicillamine and metacycline in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

1998 • 2 citations

Data on cytokine mRNA expression in CSF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients as detected by PCR

1998 • 1 citations