Pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, induces immune deviation in patients with multiple sclerosis

Interferon beta‐1b is effective in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis

1993 • 1,908 citations

Lymphocyte responses and cytokines

1994 • 1,860 citations

Pentoxifylline

1987 • 1,768 citations

Tumor necrosis factor mediates myelin and oligodendrocyte damage in vitro

1988 • 1,371 citations

T‐lymphocyte entry into the central nervous system

1991 • 1,168 citations

Immunological Aspects of Demyelinating Diseases

1992 • 1,021 citations

Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma.

1993 • 837 citations

Tumor necrosis factor identified in multiple sclerosis brain.

1989 • 793 citations

Identification of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor in multiple sclerosis lesions.

1991 • 735 citations

Prostaglandin-E2 is a potent inhibitor of human interleukin 12 production.

1995 • 676 citations

Cytokine-induced immune deviation as a therapy for inflammatory autoimmune disease.

1994 • 599 citations

Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against interleukin 12.

1995 • 560 citations

A new view of prostaglandin E regulation of the immune response

1991 • 535 citations

Cytokine cytotoxicity against oligodendrocytes. Apoptosis induced by lymphotoxin.

1991 • 455 citations

Cytokine regulation of T-cell function: potential for therapeutic intervention

1993 • 412 citations

Increased production of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor precedes clinical manifestation in multiple sclerosis: Do cytokines trigger off exacerbations?

1988 • 404 citations

The antidepressant rolipram suppresses cytokine production and prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1995 • 345 citations

Tumor necrosis factor‐α messenger RNA expression in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis is associated with disease activity

1995 • 336 citations

Lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by myelin basic protein-specific T cell clones correlates with encephalitogenicity

1990 • 285 citations

Cytokine mRNA levels in mononuclear blood cells from patients with multiple sclerosis

1994 • 227 citations

The specific type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α production by human mononuclear cells

1993 • 222 citations

Mechanism of interleukin 12-mediated toxicities during experimental viral infections: role of tumor necrosis factor and glucocorticoids.

1995 • 215 citations

Multiple Sclerosis: Immune System Molecule Expression in the Central Nervous System

1994 • 200 citations

Inhibition of endogenous TNF formation by pentoxifylline

1993 • 182 citations

Prevention of autoimmune demyelination in non-human primates by a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

1995 • 178 citations

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline, a selective suppressor of T helper type 1‐ but not type 2‐associated lymphokine production, prevents induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats

1993 • 168 citations

Interactive effects of the tumor necrosis factor promoter and 3'-untranslated regions.

1991 • 153 citations

Cytokines in neuroinflammatory disease: role of myelin autoreactive T cell production of interferon-gamma

1992 • 146 citations

Cytokine-regulated adhesion between encephalitogenic T lymphocytes and cerebrovascular endothelial cells

1993 • 131 citations

Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis and Central Nervous System Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

1992 • 120 citations

Tumor necrosis factor alpha production as a possible predictor of relapse in patients with multiple sclerosis.

1992 • 112 citations

Immune‐mediated demyelination

1993 • 99 citations

Effects of cytokines on multiplication of Toxoplasma gondii in microglial cells.

1993 • 90 citations

Multiple sclerosis: TNF revisited, with promise

1995 • 88 citations

IMMUNE RESPONSE MODULATION BY PENTOXIFYLLINE IN VITRO

1993 • 66 citations

Pentoxifylline inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

2009 • 59 citations

Semi-quantitative analysis of cytokine gene expression in blood and cerebrospinal fluid cells by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

1995 • 53 citations

Role of cytokines in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1994 • 50 citations

Effect of amrinone on tumor necrosis factor production in endotoxic shock.

1992 • 46 citations

Effects of pentoxifylline on tumor necrosis factor production and survival during lethal E. coli sepsis vs. disseminated candidiasis with fungal septic shock.

1993 • 31 citations

Immune cell traffic control and the central nervous system

1992 • 24 citations

Inflammation and the brain

1993 • 16 citations