New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Axonal Transection in the Lesions of Multiple Sclerosis

1998 • 4,007 citations

The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more

1996 • 3,710 citations

Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: Implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination

2000 • 3,258 citations

Multiple Sclerosis

2000 • 2,813 citations

Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system

1996 • 1,710 citations

Molecular mimicry in T cell-mediated autoimmunity: Viral peptides activate human T cell clones specific for myelin basic protein

1995 • 1,528 citations

Immune function of microglia

2001 • 1,245 citations

The natural history of multiple sclerosis:a geographically based study

1999 • 1,190 citations

Cytokines and acute neurodegeneration

2001 • 1,095 citations

Immunological Aspects of Demyelinating Diseases

1992 • 1,021 citations

Activated Human T Cells, B Cells, and Monocytes Produce Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor In Vitro and in Inflammatory Brain Lesions: A Neuroprotective Role of Inflammation?

1999 • 1,011 citations

The T Lymphocyte in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis

1990 • 1,005 citations

Mice with a disrupted IFN-gamma gene are susceptible to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

1996 • 985 citations

Regulation of T Cell Immunity by Dendritic Cells

2001 • 984 citations

TNF neutralization in MS

1999 • 968 citations

Premyelinating Oligodendrocytes in Chronic Lesions of Multiple Sclerosis

2002 • 941 citations

Inflammatory Mediators and Stroke: New Opportunities for Novel Therapeutics

1999 • 928 citations

Clonal Expansions of Cd8+ T Cells Dominate the T Cell Infiltrate in Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions as Shown by Micromanipulation and Single Cell Polymerase Chain Reaction

2000 • 918 citations

Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2000 • 907 citations

LIGAND RECOGNITION BY αβ T CELL RECEPTORS

1998 • 904 citations

Multiple Sclerosis: A Coordinated Immunological Attack against Myelin in the Central Nervous System

1996 • 903 citations

Acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis: Correlation with demyelination and inflammation

2000 • 889 citations

Identification of autoantibodies associated with myelin damage in multiple sclerosis

1999 • 881 citations

Epitope spreading in immune-mediated diseases: implications for immunotherapy

2002 • 865 citations

Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis

2000 • 832 citations

Encephalitogenic potential of the myelin basic protein peptide (amino acids 83–99) in multiple sclerosis: Results of a phase II clinical trial with an altered peptide ligand

2000 • 805 citations

The adhesion molecule and cytokine profile of multiple sclerosis lesions

1995 • 761 citations

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with gamma interferon

1987 • 739 citations

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE, OSTEOPONTIN, ON AUTOIMMUNE DEMYELINATING DISEASE

2002 • 729 citations

Augmentation of demyelination in rat acute allergic encephalomyelitis by circulating mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against a myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.

1988 • 721 citations

Increased MRI activity and immune activation in two multiple sclerosis patients treated with the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody cA2

1996 • 715 citations

Innate immunity: the missing link in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration?

2002 • 695 citations

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Induction in Genetically B Cell–deficient Mice

1996 • 665 citations

The oligodendrocyte precursor cell in health and disease

2001 • 654 citations

Inflammation and Stroke: Putative Role for Cytokines, Adhesion Molecules and iNOS in Brain Response to Ischemia

2000 • 653 citations

Cervical lymphatics, the blood-brain barrier and the immunoreactivity of the brain: a new view

1992 • 653 citations

A Pathogenic Role for Myelin-Specific Cd8+ T Cells in a Model for Multiple Sclerosis

2001 • 650 citations

IFN-gamma plays a critical down-regulatory role in the induction and effector phase of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

1996 • 642 citations

OBSERVATIONS ON ATTEMPTS TO PRODUCE ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN MONKEYS

1933 • 629 citations

A genetic basis for familial aggregation in multiple sclerosis

1995 • 626 citations

IL-10 Is Critical in the Regulation of Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis as Demonstrated by Studies of IL-10- and IL-4-Deficient and Transgenic Mice

1998 • 558 citations

The role of magnetic resonance techniques in understanding and managing multiple sclerosis

1998 • 553 citations

TNF is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune-mediated demyelination

1998 • 553 citations

Chronic Stage Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Contain a Relatively Quiescent Population of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells

1998 • 551 citations

TRANSFER OF ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN RATS BY MEANS OF LYMPH NODE CELLS

1960 • 540 citations

Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

2001 • 516 citations

Induction of a non-encephalitogenic type 2 T helper-cell autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis after administration of an altered peptide ligand in a placebo-controlled, randomized phase II trial

2000 • 506 citations

The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis

2016 • 505 citations

HLA class II-associated genetic susceptibility in multiple sclerosis: A critical evaluation

1991 • 487 citations

Progressive cerebral atrophy in multiple sclerosis A serial MRI study

1996 • 482 citations

AN ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF THE PROTEIN COMPONENTS IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE SERUM PROTEINS 1

1942 • 457 citations

Induction of MHC Class I Genes in Neurons

1995 • 446 citations

Association of human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) with multiple sclerosis: Increased IgM response to HHV-6 early antigen and detection of serum HHV-6 DNA

1997 • 446 citations

Migratory Activity and Functional Changes of Green Fluorescent Effector Cells before and during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2001 • 438 citations

Myelin Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells Are Encephalitogenic and Produce Severe Disease in C57BL/6 Mice

2001 • 437 citations

Myelin Basic Protein–specific T Helper 2 (Th2) Cells Cause Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Immunodeficient Hosts Rather than Protect Them from the Disease

1997 • 433 citations

Cutting Edge: CD4 and CD8 T Cells Are Intrinsically Different in Their Proliferative Responses

2002 • 402 citations

Limited heterogeneity of rearranged T-cell receptor Vα transcripts in brains of multiple sclerosis patients

1990 • 395 citations

Treatment of experimental encephalomyelitis with a peptide analogue of myelin basic protein

1996 • 389 citations

Autoimmunity provoked by infection: how good is the case for T cell epitope mimicry?

2001 • 386 citations

YELLOW NAILS AND LYMPHOEDEMA.

1964 • 370 citations

Antibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and the myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases: a comparative study

1999 • 345 citations

Clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation of V(H) genes of B cells from cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis.

1998 • 321 citations

Identification of High Potency Microbial and Self Ligands for a Human Autoreactive Class II–restricted T Cell Clone

1997 • 320 citations

Late Complications of Immune Deviation Therapy in a Nonhuman Primate

1996 • 319 citations

Apoptosis of T lymphocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Evidence for programmed cell death as a mechanism to control inflammation in the brain.

1993 • 305 citations

Plasma cells: finding new light at the end of B cell development

2001 • 305 citations

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis

1999 • 297 citations

B Cell Repertoire Diversity and Clonal Expansion in Multiple Sclerosis Brain Lesions

1999 • 292 citations

In vitroevolution of a T cell receptor with high affinity for peptide/MHC

2000 • 288 citations

Migrant studies in multiple sclerosis

1995 • 280 citations

Animal models

1994 • 276 citations

IL-4-induced immune deviation as antigen-specific therapy for inflammatory autoimmune disease

1996 • 270 citations

Transection of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-Induced Neurites by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

2001 • 265 citations

Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody cM-T412: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled MR-monitored phase II trial

1997 • 261 citations

The role of B cells and autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis

2000 • 254 citations

Accumulation of Clonally Related B Lymphocytes in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

2000 • 247 citations

Oligoclonal expansion of memory CD8+ T cells in cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients

2002 • 246 citations

Analysis of gene expression in multiple sclerosis lesions using cDNA microarrays

1999 • 245 citations

Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: Report on an international meeting held at the Institute of Neurology of the University of Vienna

1998 • 240 citations

Patterns of cerebrospinal fluid pathology correlate with disease progression in multiple sclerosis

2001 • 230 citations

Progressive cerebral atrophy in MS

2000 • 218 citations

Identification of candidate T-cell epitopes and molecular mimics in chronic Lyme disease

1999 • 217 citations

The Clinical Course of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Inflammation Is Controlled by the Expression of Cd40 within the Central Nervous System

2001 • 215 citations

Lymphocyte Targeting of the Central Nervous System: A Review of Afferent and Efferent CNS‐Immune Pathways

1996 • 210 citations

LIGAND RECOGNITION BY T CELL RECEPTORS

1998 • 207 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Lymphotoxin α Are Not Required for Induction of Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

1997 • 197 citations

Antigen-Dependent Intrathecal Antibody Synthesis in the Normal Rat Brain: Tissue Entry and Local Retention of Antigen-Specific B Cells

1998 • 195 citations

Intrathecal Delivery of IFN-γ Protects C57BL/6 Mice from Chronic-Progressive Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Increasing Apoptosis of Central Nervous System-Infiltrating Lymphocytes

2001 • 188 citations

Apolipoprotein E ε4 is associated with rapid progression of multiple sclerosis

2001 • 185 citations

The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study

1999 • 181 citations

The neuroimmunology of multiple sclerosis: possible roles of T and B lymphocytes in immunopathogenesis.

2001 • 176 citations

APOE genotype is a major predictor of long-term progression of disability in MS

2001 • 176 citations

Challenging Cytokine Redundancy: Inflammatory Cell Movement and Clinical Course of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Are Normal in Lymphotoxin-deficient, but Not Tumor Necrosis Factor–deficient, Mice

1998 • 170 citations

Temporal invariance and clonal uniformity of brain and cerebrospinal IgG, IgA, and IgM in multiple sclerosis.

1986 • 169 citations

Genetic models for CNS inflammation

2001 • 168 citations

Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory demyelination

1999 • 168 citations

T-cell apoptosis in autoimmune diseases: termination of inflammation in the nervous system and other sites with specialized immune-defense mechanisms

1997 • 165 citations

Demyelination induced by murine hepatitis virus JHM strain (MHV-4) is immunologically mediated

1990 • 165 citations

MHC Class I-Restricted Lysis of Human Oligodendrocytes by Myelin Basic Protein Peptide-Specific CD8 T Lymphocytes

1998 • 162 citations

Viral Induced Demyelination

2001 • 162 citations

CTL Effector Function Within the Central Nervous System Requires CD4+ T Cells

1998 • 161 citations

Transcriptional Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Brain Lesions Reveals a Complex Pattern of Cytokine Expression

2000 • 157 citations

Multiple sclerosis: Genomic rewards

2001 • 140 citations

Multiple sclerosis: recent developments in neuropathology, pathogenesis, magnetic resonance imaging studies and treatment

2001 • 137 citations

Genetic epidemiology of multiple sclerosis.

1997 • 133 citations

The role of integrins in immune-mediated diseases of the nervous system

1999 • 133 citations

Mouse hepatitis virus

2001 • 129 citations

Mechanisms of Central Nervous System Viral Persistence: the Critical Role of Antibody and B Cells

2002 • 115 citations

Apoptotic elimination of Vβ8.2⁺ cells from the central nervous system during recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by the passive transfer of Vβ8.2⁺ encephalitogenic T cells

1994 • 113 citations

Antibody Prevents Virus Reactivation Within the Central Nervous System

1999 • 105 citations

Patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis synthesize antibodies recognizing oligodendrocyte progenitor cell surface protein: Implications for remyelination

2000 • 105 citations

TCR usage in human and experimental demyelinating disease

1996 • 104 citations

The identification of CD4 ⁺ T cell epitopes with dedicated synthetic peptide libraries

1997 • 99 citations

A meta-analysis of genomic screens in multiple sclerosis

2001 • 95 citations

Some Misconceptions about Understanding Autoimmunity through Experiments with Knockouts

1997 • 94 citations

TNF accelerates the onset but does not alter the incidence and severity of myelin basic protein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1999 • 93 citations

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Does this really point toward an etiology? Lectio Doctoralis

2000 • 90 citations

Comparison of immunoglobulin G heavy-chain sequences in MS and SSPE brains reveals an antigen-driven response

2000 • 89 citations

Axonal Damage Is T Cell Mediated and Occurs Concomitantly with Demyelination in Mice Infected with a Neurotropic Coronavirus

2001 • 79 citations

The risk of multiple sclerosis in the U.S.A. in relation to sociogeographic features: A factor-analytic study

1994 • 76 citations

Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis

1998 • 74 citations

Fas Ligand (CD95L) Protects Neurons Against Perforin- Mediated T Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity

2001 • 69 citations

Presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in the cerebral spinal fluid is a common phenomenon in a variety of neurological diseases and not restricted to multiple sclerosis

2001 • 63 citations

Humoral autoimmunity as a mediator of CNS repair

2001 • 60 citations

Treatment of multiple sclerosis: recent trials and future perspectives

1999 • 57 citations

Absence of HHV-6 and HHV-7 in cerebrospinal fluid in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

2000 • 50 citations

The Immunoglobulin G Heavy Chain Repertoire in Multiple Sclerosis Plaques Is Distinct from the Heavy Chain Repertoire in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

2001 • 49 citations

The role of adhesion molecules in multiple sclerosis: biology, pathogenesis and therapeutic implications

1997 • 46 citations

Humoral autoimmunity as a mediator of CNS repair

2001 • 43 citations

Identification of IgG subclasses' oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis CSF

2009 • 34 citations

Immunoglobulin isotypes reveal a predominant role of type 1 immunity in multiple sclerosis

2001 • 34 citations

CSF-enriched antibodies do not share specificities among MS patients

1998 • 26 citations

Molecular Immunologic Strategies to Identify Antigens and B-Cell Responses Unique to Multiple Sclerosis

2001 • 22 citations

Remyelination in demyelinating disease.

1997 • 17 citations

Antigen Discovery in Chronic Human Inflammatory Central Nervous System Disease: Panning Phage-Displayed Antigen Libraries Identifies the Targets of Central Nervous System-Derived IgG in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

2001 • 16 citations