Ghrelin in the regulation of body weight and metabolism

Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach

1999 • 8,261 citations

Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans

1996 • 6,254 citations

Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000

2004 • 5,189 citations

Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents

2000 • 3,915 citations

A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding

2001 • 3,415 citations

A Preprandial Rise in Plasma Ghrelin Levels Suggests a Role in Meal Initiation in Humans

2001 • 2,865 citations

Ghrelin: Structure and Function

2005 • 2,773 citations

Ghrelin Enhances Appetite and Increases Food Intake in Humans

2001 • 2,330 citations

Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Circadian Clock Mutant Mice

2005 • 2,323 citations

Environmental Contributions to the Obesity Epidemic

1998 • 2,243 citations

A Receptor in Pituitary and Hypothalamus That Functions in Growth Hormone Release

1996 • 2,048 citations

Circulating Ghrelin Levels Are Decreased in Human Obesity

2001 • 1,999 citations

Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans

1998 • 1,666 citations

The Distribution and Mechanism of Action of Ghrelin in the CNS Demonstrates a Novel Hypothalamic Circuit Regulating Energy Homeostasis

2003 • 1,617 citations

The Tissue Distribution of the mRNA of Ghrelin and Subtypes of Its Receptor, GHS-R, in Humans

2002 • 1,331 citations

Plasma Ghrelin Levels in Lean and Obese Humans and the Effect of Glucose on Ghrelin Secretion

2002 • 1,246 citations

Stomach Is a Major Source of Circulating Ghrelin, and Feeding State Determines Plasma Ghrelin-Like Immunoreactivity Levels in Humans

2001 • 1,231 citations

Biological, Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ghrelin

2004 • 1,186 citations

Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin

2001 • 1,181 citations

Identification of the Acyltransferase that Octanoylates Ghrelin, an Appetite-Stimulating Peptide Hormone

2008 • 1,159 citations

Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in brain and peripheral tissues

1997 • 1,137 citations

Obestatin, a Peptide Encoded by the Ghrelin Gene, Opposes Ghrelin's Effects on Food Intake

2005 • 1,136 citations

Coexpression of Agrp and NPY in fasting-activated hypothalamic neurons

1998 • 1,136 citations

Ghrelin Causes Hyperphagia and Obesity in Rats

2001 • 1,121 citations

NPY/AgRP Neurons Are Essential for Feeding in Adult Mice but Can Be Ablated in Neonates

2005 • 1,057 citations

The role of the gastric afferent vagal nerve in ghrelin-induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in rats

2002 • 1,055 citations

Expression of ghrelin receptor mRNA in the rat and the mouse brain

2005 • 1,029 citations

Ghrelin and Des-acyl Ghrelin: Two Major Forms of Rat Ghrelin Peptide in Gastrointestinal Tissue

2000 • 924 citations

Ghrelin modulates the activity and synaptic input organization of midbrain dopamine neurons while promoting appetite

2006 • 922 citations

Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations are a frequent and heterogeneous cause of morbid obesity

2000 • 896 citations

Ghrelin Stimulates Gastric Acid Secretion and Motility in Rats

2000 • 875 citations

Human Growth Hormone and Human Aging

1993 • 874 citations

Differential co-existence of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity with catecholamines in the central nervous system of the rat

1984 • 869 citations

Ghrelin, an Endogenous Growth Hormone Secretagogue, Is a Novel Orexigenic Peptide That Antagonizes Leptin Action Through the Activation of Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y/Y1 Receptor Pathway

2001 • 862 citations

Ghrelin Strongly Stimulates Growth Hormone Release in Humans

2000 • 835 citations

Ghrelin controls hippocampal spine synapse density and memory performance

2006 • 806 citations

Ghrelin octanoylation mediated by an orphan lipid transferase

2008 • 789 citations

Anorexia of aging: physiologic and pathologic

1997 • 751 citations

Agouti-related peptide–expressing neurons are mandatory for feeding

2005 • 738 citations

Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibit cell death in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells through ERK1/2 and PI 3-kinase/AKT

2002 • 734 citations

Ghrelin stimulation of growth hormone release and appetite is mediated through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor

2004 • 699 citations

Weight gain decreases elevated plasma ghrelin concentrations of patients with anorexia nervosa

2001 • 695 citations

Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels

2001 • 691 citations

Ghrelin, a Natural GH Secretagogue Produced by the Stomach, Induces Hyperglycemia and Reduces Insulin Secretion in Humans

2001 • 684 citations

UCP2 mediates ghrelin’s action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals

2008 • 679 citations

Extent and Direction of Ghrelin Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier Is Determined by Its Unique Primary Structure

2002 • 676 citations

Orexigenic Action of Peripheral Ghrelin Is Mediated by Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Protein

2004 • 662 citations

Ghrelin Modulates Brain Activity in Areas that Control Appetitive Behavior

2008 • 651 citations

Ghrelin Enhances Appetite and Increases Food Intake in Humans

2001 • 634 citations

Upregulation of Ghrelin Expression in the Stomach upon Fasting, Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia, and Leptin Administration

2001 • 629 citations

Mice lacking ghrelin receptors resist the development of diet-induced obesity

2005 • 621 citations

Chronic Central Infusion of Ghrelin Increases Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Protein mRNA Levels and Body Weight in Rats

2001 • 617 citations

Ghrelin and the short- and long-term regulation of appetite and body weight

2006 • 606 citations

The orexigenic hormone ghrelin defends against depressive symptoms of chronic stress

2008 • 602 citations

Hemodynamic and hormonal effects of human ghrelin in healthy volunteers

2001 • 595 citations

Co-Localization of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor and NPY mRNA in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Rat

1999 • 592 citations

The arcuate nucleus as a conduit for diverse signals relevant to energy homeostasis

2001 • 564 citations

Structure−Function Studies on the New Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide, Ghrelin: Minimal Sequence of Ghrelin Necessary for Activation of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor 1a

2000 • 546 citations

Plasma ghrelin levels and hunger scores in humans initiating meals voluntarily without time- and food-related cues

2004 • 517 citations

Effects of Ghrelin Administration on Left Ventricular Function, Exercise Capacity, and Muscle Wasting in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

2004 • 515 citations

Endocrine Activities of Ghrelin, a Natural Growth Hormone Secretagogue (GHS), in Humans: Comparison and Interactions with Hexarelin, a Nonnatural Peptidyl GHS, and GH-Releasing Hormone¹

2001 • 513 citations

Plasma Acylation-Stimulating Protein, Adiponectin, Leptin, and Ghrelin before and after Weight Loss Induced by Gastric Bypass Surgery in Morbidly Obese Subjects

2003 • 509 citations

Insulin Regulates Plasma Ghrelin Concentration

2002 • 500 citations

High Constitutive Signaling of the Ghrelin Receptor—Identification of a Potent Inverse Agonist

2003 • 489 citations

Antagonism of ghrelin receptor reduces food intake and body weight gain in mice

2003 • 480 citations

Chronic Administration of Ghrelin Improves Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Attenuates Development of Cardiac Cachexia in Rats With Heart Failure

2001 • 475 citations

Ghrelin-Induced Food Intake Is Mediated via the Orexin Pathway

2003 • 458 citations

Ghrelin Increases Energy Intake in Cancer Patients with Impaired Appetite: Acute, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2004 • 457 citations

The ghrelin cell: a novel developmentally regulated islet cell in the human pancreas

2002 • 449 citations

Ghrelin action in the brain controls adipocyte metabolism

2006 • 449 citations

Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Metabolism Mediates the Orexigenic Action of Ghrelin

2008 • 444 citations

Ghrelin cells replace insulin-producing β cells in two mouse models of pancreas development

2004 • 442 citations

Elevated Circulating Level of Ghrelin in Cachexia Associated With Chronic Heart Failure

2001 • 432 citations

GPR39 Signaling Is Stimulated by Zinc Ions But Not by Obestatin

2006 • 417 citations

Ghrelin and Des-Octanoyl Ghrelin Promote Adipogenesis Directly in Vivo by a Mechanism Independent of the Type 1a Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor

2003 • 417 citations

Multifactorial causation of obesity: implications for prevention

1998 • 406 citations

Neuroendocrine and peripheral activities of ghrelin: implications in metabolism and obesity

2002 • 394 citations

Minireview: From Anorexia to Obesity—The Yin and Yang of Body Weight Control

2003 • 385 citations

GOAT links dietary lipids with the endocrine control of energy balance

2009 • 384 citations

The central melanocortin system directly controls peripheral lipid metabolism

2007 • 380 citations

Ghrelin, A Novel Placental-Derived Hormone¹

2001 • 377 citations

Stomach Is a Major Source of Circulating Ghrelin, and Feeding State Determines Plasma Ghrelin-Like Immunoreactivity Levels in Humans

2001 • 372 citations

Absence of ghrelin protects against early-onset obesity

2005 • 370 citations

Ghrelin Directly Interacts With Neuropeptide-Y-Containing Neurons in the Rat Arcuate Nucleus

2003 • 369 citations

Insulins today and beyond

2001 • 367 citations

Central Effect of Ghrelin, an Endogenous Growth Hormone Secretagogue, on Hypothalamic Peptide Gene Expression

2000 • 362 citations

A Role of Ghrelin in Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Responses to Stress in Mice

2001 • 357 citations

Ghrelin increases anxiety-like behavior and memory retention in rats

2002 • 357 citations

The Tissue Distribution of the mRNA of Ghrelin and Subtypes of Its Receptor, GHS-R, in Humans

2002 • 356 citations

Systemic Administration of Ghrelin Induces Fos and Egr‐1 Proteins in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus of Fasted and Fed Rats

2000 • 352 citations

Endogenous Ghrelin in Pancreatic Islets Restricts Insulin Release by Attenuating Ca2+ Signaling in β-Cells

2004 • 351 citations

Expression of Ghrelin and of the GH Secretagogue Receptor by Pancreatic Islet Cells and Related Endocrine Tumors

2002 • 347 citations

Novel Expression and Functional Role of Ghrelin in Rat Testis

2002 • 344 citations

High Circulating Ghrelin: A Potential Cause for Hyperphagia and Obesity in Prader-Willi Syndrome

2002 • 343 citations

Ablation of ghrelin improves the diabetic but not obese phenotype of ob/ob mice

2006 • 343 citations

Plasma Ghrelin Levels in Lean and Obese Humans and the Effect of Glucose on Ghrelin Secretion

2002 • 342 citations

Molecular Analysis of Rat Pituitary and Hypothalamic Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptors

1997 • 341 citations

Kidney produces a novel acylated peptide, ghrelin

2000 • 336 citations

Loss of constitutive activity of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in familial short stature

2006 • 335 citations

Common Structural Basis for Constitutive Activity of the Ghrelin Receptor Family

2004 • 335 citations

Ghrelin Induces Fasted Motor Activity of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Conscious Fed Rats

2003 • 334 citations

Differential role of the hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal raphe nucleus in regulating feeding, memory, and anxiety-like behavioral responses to ghrelin

2003 • 333 citations

Influence of ghrelin on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility in humans

2005 • 333 citations

Identification, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Specific Receptors for Natural (Ghrelin) and Synthetic Growth Hormone Secretagogues and Analogs in Human Breast Carcinomas and Cell Lines1

2001 • 329 citations

Effects of a Fixed Meal Pattern on Ghrelin Secretion: Evidence for a Learned Response Independent of Nutrient Status

2005 • 328 citations

Structural Divergence of Human Ghrelin

2002 • 326 citations

Endocrine Activities of Ghrelin, a Natural Growth Hormone Secretagogue (GHS), in Humans: Comparison and Interactions with Hexarelin, a Nonnatural Peptidyl GHS, and GH-Releasing Hormone

2001 • 325 citations

Ghrelin and Adipose Tissue Regulatory Peptides: Effect of Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Humans

2003 • 320 citations

Dose-Dependent Inhibition by Ghrelin of Insulin Secretion in the Mouse

2003 • 319 citations

Ghrelin-producing cells exist as two types of cells, closed- and opened-type cells, in the rat gastrointestinal tract

2002 • 318 citations

The Effects of 10 Years of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (GH) in Adult GH-Deficient Patients

1999 • 318 citations

The Expression of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Ligand Ghrelin in Normal and Abnormal Human Pituitary and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors1

2001 • 315 citations

Ghrelin enhances gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis: a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study

2005 • 314 citations

Energy Intake, Ghrelin, and Cholecystokinin after Different Carbohydrate and Protein Preloads in Overweight Men

2006 • 308 citations

GH, GH Receptor, GH Secretagogue Receptor, and Ghrelin Expression in Human T Cells, B Cells, and Neutrophils

2001 • 304 citations

Hyperphagic Effects of Brainstem Ghrelin Administration

2003 • 299 citations

Plasma ghrelin concentrations in elderly subjects: comparison with anorexic and obese patients

2002 • 293 citations

Ghrelin Modulates the Downstream Molecules of Insulin Signaling in Hepatoma Cells

2002 • 292 citations

Ghrelin Stimulates Gastric Emptying and Hunger in Normal-Weight Humans

2006 • 291 citations

Hypothalamic growth hormone secretagogue receptor regulates growth hormone secretion, feeding, and adiposity

2002 • 290 citations

Ultradian Rhythmicity of Ghrelin Secretion in Relation with GH, Feeding Behavior, and Sleep-Wake Patterns in Rats

2002 • 288 citations

Acyl and Total Ghrelin Are Suppressed Strongly by Ingested Proteins, Weakly by Lipids, and Biphasically by Carbohydrates

2008 • 287 citations

Ghrelin promotes slow-wave sleep in humans

2003 • 287 citations

Increased plasma ghrelin level in lung cancer cachexia.

2003 • 283 citations

Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin secretion

2002 • 277 citations

Ghrelin/motilin-related peptide is a potent prokinetic to reverse gastric postoperative ileus in rat

2002 • 274 citations

Plasma Ghrelin and Desacyl Ghrelin Concentrations in Renal Failure

2002 • 273 citations

Effects of Obestatin on Energy Balance and Growth Hormone Secretion in Rodents

2006 • 265 citations

Characterization of Adult Ghrelin and Ghrelin Receptor Knockout Mice under Positive and Negative Energy Balance

2007 • 265 citations

Immunocytochemical observation of ghrelin-containing neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus

2002 • 257 citations

Stimulation of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor I axis by daily oral administration of a GH secretogogue (MK-677) in healthy elderly subjects.

1996 • 256 citations

Administration of Acylated Ghrelin Reduces Insulin Sensitivity, Whereas the Combination of Acylated Plus Unacylated Ghrelin Strongly Improves Insulin Sensitivity

2004 • 255 citations

Ghrelin Strongly Stimulates Growth Hormone Release in Humans

2000 • 253 citations

Ghrelin regulates mitochondrial-lipid metabolism gene expression and tissue fat distribution in liver and skeletal muscle

2004 • 245 citations

Novel Ghrelin Assays Provide Evidence for Independent Regulation of Ghrelin Acylation and Secretion in Healthy Young Men

2008 • 244 citations

Blockade of Pancreatic Islet–Derived Ghrelin Enhances Insulin Secretion to Prevent High-Fat Diet–Induced Glucose Intolerance

2006 • 242 citations

Effects of an Oral Ghrelin Mimetic on Body Composition and Clinical Outcomes in Healthy Older Adults

2008 • 236 citations

Ghrelin elicits a marked stimulatory effect on GH secretion in freely-moving rats

2000 • 235 citations

The Role of Ghrelin and Growth Hormone Secretagogues Receptor on Rat Adipogenesis

2003 • 233 citations

Identification and characterization of a novel gastric peptide hormone: The motilin-related peptide

2000 • 233 citations

Meal-Related Ghrelin Suppression Requires Postgastric Feedback

2003 • 232 citations

The Mitogenic and Antiapoptotic Actions of Ghrelin in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

2004 • 230 citations

Obestatin does not activate orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39

2006 • 229 citations

Ghrelin secretion is modulated in a nutrient‐ and gender‐specific manner

2004 • 229 citations

Influence of ghrelin on gastric emptying and meal‐related symptoms in idiopathic gastroparesis

2005 • 225 citations

Vaccination against weight gain

2006 • 224 citations

A POMC variant implicates β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the control of human energy balance

2006 • 224 citations

Gut Vagal Afferents Are Not Necessary for the Eating-Stimulatory Effect of Intraperitoneally Injected Ghrelin in the Rat

2006 • 224 citations

Immunolocalization of Ghrelin and Its Functional Receptor, the Type 1a Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor, in the Cyclic Human Ovary

2003 • 223 citations

Small-Molecule Ghrelin Receptor Antagonists Improve Glucose Tolerance, Suppress Appetite, and Promote Weight Loss

2007 • 219 citations

Pharmacokinetics, safety, and endocrine and appetite effects of ghrelin administration in young healthy subjects

2004 • 219 citations

Expression of ghrelin and biological activity of specific receptors for ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin in human prostate neoplasms and related cell lines

2004 • 217 citations

Hypothalamic growth hormone secretagogue receptor regulates growth hormone secretion, feeding, and adiposity

2002 • 215 citations

RAPID COMMUNICATIONS: Mutations in the Preproghrelin/Ghrelin Gene Associated with Obesity in Humans

2001 • 213 citations

Ghrelin Is Expressed in a Novel Endocrine Cell Type in Developing Rat Islets and Inhibits Insulin Secretion from INS-1 (832/13) Cells

2004 • 210 citations

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Peptides which Release Growth Hormone in Vitro*

1981 • 210 citations

Ghrelin and Des-Acyl Ghrelin Promote Differentiation and Fusion of C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells

2007 • 210 citations

Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations Are Not Regulated by Glucose or Insulin

2003 • 209 citations

Obesity: How Big a Problem?

1998 • 205 citations

Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin both inhibit isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in rat adipocytes via a non-type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor

2004 • 203 citations

Obestatin Partially Affects Ghrelin Stimulation of Food Intake and Growth Hormone Secretion in Rodents

2007 • 191 citations

Expression and action of the growth hormone releasing peptide ghrelin and its receptor in prostate cancer cell lines

2002 • 190 citations

Effects of chronic variate stress on feeding behavior and on monoamine levels in different rat brain structures

2002 • 190 citations

Role of Ghrelin Polymorphisms in Obesity Based on Three Different Studies

2002 • 189 citations

Identification, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Specific Receptors for Natural (Ghrelin) and Synthetic Growth Hormone Secretagogues and Analogs in Human Breast Carcinomas and Cell Lines

2001 • 185 citations

Cardiac effects of ghrelin and its endogenous derivatives des-octanoyl ghrelin and des-Gln14-ghrelin

2003 • 182 citations

Growth hormone secretagogue receptors in rat and human gastrointestinal tract and the effects of ghrelin

2003 • 181 citations

A role for β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in human body-weight regulation

2006 • 180 citations

Characterization of Ghrelin-Like Immunoreactivity in Human Plasma

2005 • 178 citations

Identification of ghrelin and its receptor in neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus

2004 • 178 citations

Ghrelin, a Natural GH Secretagogue Produced by the Stomach, Induces Hyperglycemia and Reduces Insulin Secretion in Humans

2001 • 177 citations

Simultaneous deletion of ghrelin and its receptor increases motor activity and energy expenditure

2007 • 176 citations

Different Plasma Ghrelin Levels after Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass and Adjustable Gastric Banding in Morbid Obese Subjects

2003 • 170 citations

CD36 Mediates the Cardiovascular Action of Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptides in the Heart

2002 • 169 citations

Ghrelin Secretion Is Inhibited by Either Somatostatin or Cortistatin in Humans

2002 • 162 citations

The truncated ghrelin receptor polypeptide (GHS-R1b) acts as a dominant-negative mutant of the ghrelin receptor

2006 • 161 citations

The Expression of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Ligand Ghrelin in Normal and Abnormal Human Pituitary and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors

2001 • 161 citations

Molecular Forms of Hypothalamic Ghrelin and Its Regulation by Fasting and 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Administration

2005 • 160 citations

Effects of an Oral Growth Hormone Secretagogue in Older Adults

2009 • 160 citations

Ghrelin, A Novel Placental-Derived Hormone

2001 • 158 citations

Ghrelin enhances gastric motility through direct stimulation of intrinsic neural pathways and capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones in rats

2004 • 158 citations

Separate Measurement of Plasma Levels of Acylated and Desacyl Ghrelin in Healthy Subjects Using a New Direct ELISA Assay

2005 • 157 citations

Anti-cachectic effect of ghrelin in nude mice bearing human melanoma cells

2003 • 154 citations

Ghrelin Stimulates GH But Not Food Intake in Arcuate Nucleus Ablated Rats

2002 • 153 citations

A Variation in the Ghrelin Gene Increases Weight and Decreases Insulin Secretion in Tall, Obese Children

2002 • 152 citations

Appetite, Food Intake, and Plasma Concentrations of Cholecystokinin, Ghrelin, and Other Gastrointestinal Hormones in Undernourished Older Women and Well-Nourished Young and Older Women

2003 • 152 citations

GH-Releasing Peptide-2 Increases Fat Mass in Mice Lacking NPY: Indication for a Crucial Mediating Role of Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein

2002 • 151 citations

Digenic inheritance of severe insulin resistance in a human pedigree

2002 • 150 citations

Quinazolinone Derivatives as Orally Available Ghrelin Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity

2007 • 150 citations

Effects of triglycerides, obesity, and starvation on ghrelin transport across the blood–brain barrier

2008 • 149 citations

Ghrelin Can Bind to a Species of High Density Lipoprotein Associated with Paraoxonase

2003 • 149 citations

Ghrelin Is Not Necessary for Adequate Hormonal Counterregulation of Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia

2002 • 148 citations

Ghrelin exerts a proliferative effect on a rat pituitary somatotroph cell line via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway

2004 • 148 citations

Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Des-Acyl Ghrelin Show Small Phenotype

2004 • 147 citations

Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) on Ghrelin, Leptin, and Adiponectin in GH-Deficient Patients

2003 • 146 citations

Ghrelin Receptor Gene: Identification of Several Sequence Variants in Extremely Obese Children and Adolescents, Healthy Normal-Weight and Underweight Students, and Children with Short Normal Stature

2004 • 146 citations

Ghrelin Has Partial or No Effect on Appetite, Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Cortisol Release in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2006 • 145 citations

Presence of Ghrelin in Normal and Adenomatous Human Pituitary

2001 • 143 citations

Growth Hormone-Independent Cardioprotective Effects of Hexarelin in the Rat1

1999 • 143 citations

Effects of ghrelin on insulin and glucagon secretion: a study of isolated pancreatic islets and intact mice

2004 • 140 citations

Ghrelin Expression in Fetal, Infant, and Adult Human Lung

2002 • 140 citations

Ghrelin immunoreactivity in human plasma is suppressed by somatostatin

2002 • 138 citations

Ghrelin stimulates motility in the small intestine of rats through intrinsic cholinergic neurons

2004 • 137 citations

Gastric motor effects of peptide and non-peptide ghrelin agonists in mice in vivo and in vitro

2005 • 136 citations

Inhibition of ghrelin actionin vitroandin vivoby an RNA-Spiegelmer

2004 • 135 citations

Calorie and Nutrient Intakes of Elderly and Young Subjects Measured Under Identical Conditions

1988 • 133 citations

Insulin Regulates Plasma Ghrelin Concentration

2002 • 131 citations

Ghrelin, Macronutrient Intake and Dietary Preferences in Long–Evans Rats

2002 • 131 citations

Vagal stimulation exaggerates the inhibitory ghrelin response to oral fat in humans

2004 • 128 citations

Evidence for the presence of motilin, ghrelin, and the motilin and ghrelin receptor in neurons of the myenteric plexus

2004 • 127 citations

The endocrine response to acute ghrelin administration is blunted in patients with anorexia nervosa, a ghrelin hypersecretory state

2004 • 127 citations

Effects of Ghrelin and Other Neuropeptides (CART, MCH, Orexin A and B, and GLP-1) on the Release of Insulin From Isolated Rat Islets

2003 • 127 citations

Molecular Mechanisms of Ghrelin-Mediated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation

2008 • 127 citations

Expression of Ghrelin and its Receptor in Human Tissues

2009 • 125 citations

Toward Potent Ghrelin Receptor Ligands Based on Trisubstituted 1,2,4-Triazole Structure. 2. Synthesis and Pharmacological in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluations

2007 • 125 citations

Nonpeptide and Peptide Growth Hormone Secretagogues Act Both as Ghrelin Receptor Agonist and as Positive or Negative Allosteric Modulators of Ghrelin Signaling

2005 • 123 citations

Ghrelin Gene: Identification of Missense Variants and a Frameshift Mutation in Extremely Obese Children and Adolescents and Healthy Normal Weight Students

2002 • 123 citations

Ghrelin in Fetal Thyroid and Follicular Tumors and Cell Lines

2003 • 122 citations

Hypothalamic and hypophyseal regulation of growth hormone secretion.

1998 • 122 citations

Obestatin improves memory performance and causes anxiolytic effects in rats

2006 • 122 citations

Effect on Body Weight and Safety of RC-1291, a Novel, Orally Available Ghrelin Mimetic and Growth Hormone Secretagogue: Results of a Phase I, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-Dose Study in Healthy Volunteers

2007 • 121 citations

Colocalization of ghrelinO-acyltransferase and ghrelin in gastric mucosal cells

2009 • 121 citations

Effects of ghrelin and amylin on dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin release in the hypothalamus

2002 • 116 citations

Systemic ghrelin levels in subjects with growth hormone deficiency are not modified by one year of growth hormone replacement therapy

2001 • 115 citations

Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Ghrelin

2004 • 115 citations

Endogenous ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide acting in the arcuate nucleus in response to fasting

2003 • 115 citations

The potential autocrine/paracrine roles of ghrelin and its receptor in hormone-dependent cancer

2003 • 114 citations

Circulating ghrelin levels as function of gender, pubertal status and adiposity in childhood

2002 • 114 citations

Ghrelin Interacts with Human Plasma Lipoproteins

2007 • 114 citations

Ghrelin Main Action on the Regulation of Growth Hormone Release Is Exerted at Hypothalamic Level

2003 • 113 citations

Expression of Ghrelin and of the GH Secretagogue Receptor by Pancreatic Islet Cells and Related Endocrine Tumors

2002 • 112 citations

Central Effect of Ghrelin, an Endogenous Growth Hormone Secretagogue, on Hypothalamic Peptide Gene Expression

2000 • 111 citations

The Antiproliferative Effect of Synthetic Peptidyl GH Secretagogues in Human CALU-1 Lung Carcinoma Cells

2002 • 110 citations

Stimulation of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor I axis by daily oral administration of a GH secretogogue (MK-677) in healthy elderly subjects

1996 • 109 citations

Acetylcholine Regulates Ghrelin Secretion in Humans

2004 • 108 citations

Ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor are expressed in the rat adrenal cortex: evidence that ghrelin stimulates the growth, but not the secretory activity of adrenal cells

2003 • 108 citations

Ghrelin in chronic liver disease

2003 • 106 citations

The Effects of 10 Years of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (GH) in Adult GH-Deficient Patients

1999 • 106 citations

Decreased memory for novel object recognition in chronically food-restricted mice is reversed by acute ghrelin administration

2008 • 106 citations

Ghrelin-containing neuron in cerebral cortex and hypothalamus linked with the DVC of brainstem in rat

2006 • 105 citations

Novel Expression and Functional Role of Ghrelin in Rat Testis

2002 • 105 citations

Molecular Analysis of Rat Pituitary and Hypothalamic Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptors

1997 • 103 citations

Constant intravenous ghrelin infusion in healthy young men: clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects

2007 • 103 citations

Mechanisms of Disease: the pathological basis of gastroparesis—a review of experimental and clinical studies

2007 • 102 citations

Expression and function of the ghrelin axis, including a novel preproghrelin isoform, in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines

2005 • 102 citations

Effect of ghrelin and growth hormone‐releasing peptide 6 on septic ileus in mice

2004 • 101 citations

Ghrelin receptor mutations -- too little height and too much hunger

2006 • 100 citations

Improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility in ghrelin receptor knockout mice

2008 • 98 citations

Ghrelin gastrokinetic action in patients with neurogenic gastroparesis

2006 • 97 citations

Circulating ghrelin levels in basal conditions and during glucose tolerance test in acromegalic patients

2002 • 95 citations

Cardioprotective effects of ghrelin and des-octanoyl ghrelin on myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol in rats1

2006 • 93 citations

Obestatin and ghrelin levels in obese children and adolescents before and after reduction of overweight

2007 • 93 citations

Role of leptin, ghrelin, angiotensin II and orexins in 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cells proliferation and oxidative metabolism.

2007 • 93 citations

A Novel Growth Hormone Secretagogue-1a Receptor Antagonist That Blocks Ghrelin-Induced Growth Hormone Secretion but Induces Increased Body Weight Gain

2005 • 92 citations

Acute Effects of Ghrelin Administration on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

2007 • 90 citations

Ultradian Rhythmicity of Ghrelin Secretion in Relation with GH, Feeding Behavior, and Sleep-Wake Patterns in Rats

2002 • 90 citations

Importance of Constitutive Activity and Arrestin-Independent Mechanisms for Intracellular Trafficking of the Ghrelin Receptor

2007 • 89 citations

Effects of ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin on neurogenesis of the rat fetal spinal cord

2006 • 88 citations

Ghrelin stimulates insulin-induced glucose uptake in adipocytes

2005 • 88 citations

Evidence for Acyl-Ghrelin Modulation of Growth Hormone Release in the Fed State

2008 • 87 citations

GH, GH Receptor, GH Secretagogue Receptor, and Ghrelin Expression in Human T Cells, B Cells, and Neutrophils

2001 • 87 citations

Administration of antisense DNA for ghrelin causes an antidepressant and anxiolytic response in rats

2006 • 87 citations

Synthesis and Pharmacological in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluations of Novel Triazole Derivatives as Ligands of the Ghrelin Receptor. 1

2007 • 85 citations

Signal transduction systems employed by synthetic GH-releasing peptides in somatotrophs

1996 • 84 citations

Endogenous Ghrelin Regulates Episodic Growth Hormone (GH) Secretion by Amplifying GH Pulse Amplitude: Evidence from Antagonism of the GH Secretagogue-R1a Receptor

2005 • 82 citations

Pharmacodynamic hormonal effects of anamorelin, a novel oral ghrelin mimetic and growth hormone secretagogue in healthy volunteers

2009 • 82 citations

Ghrelin differentially affects hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice

2006 • 80 citations

Cognitive enhancing effects of ghrelin receptor agonists

2009 • 77 citations

Novel analogs of ghrelin: physiological and clinical implications

2004 • 77 citations

Growth Hormone Releasing Substances: Types and Their Receptors

1999 • 77 citations

Identification of an Efficacy Switch Region in the Ghrelin Receptor Responsible for Interchange between Agonism and Inverse Agonism

2007 • 77 citations

Circulating obestatin levels and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio in obese women

2007 • 75 citations

Preproghrelin‐derived Peptide, Obestatin, Fails to Influence Food Intake in Lean or Obese Rodents

2007 • 73 citations

Anorexigenic and electrophysiological actions of novel ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1A) antagonists in rats

2009 • 72 citations

Evidence That Growth Hormone Exerts a Feedback Effect on Stomach Ghrelin Production and Secretion

2003 • 72 citations

Peptides associated with hyperphagia in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome before and during GH treatment

2003 • 69 citations

Long-term effects of ghrelin and ghrelin receptor agonists on energy balance in rats

2008 • 68 citations

Plasma ghrelin levels in healthy elderly volunteers: the levels of acylated ghrelin in elderly females correlate positively with serum IGF-I levels and bowel movement frequency and negatively with systolic blood pressure

2006 • 67 citations

New Trisubstituted 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives as Potent Ghrelin Receptor Antagonists. 3. Synthesis and Pharmacological in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluations

2008 • 67 citations

Ghrelin gene expression is age-dependent and influenced by gender and the level of circulating IGF-I

2002 • 66 citations

Prokinetic Effects of a New Ghrelin Receptor Agonist TZP-101 in a Rat Model of Postoperative Ileus

2007 • 65 citations

Upregulation of ghrelin expression in cachectic nude mice bearing human melanoma cells

2003 • 65 citations

Ghrelin Agonist (TZP‐101): Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation in Healthy Volunteers: A Phase I, First‐in‐Human Study

2008 • 64 citations

Ghrelin Plays a Minor Role in the Physiological Control of Cardiac Function in the Rat

2003 • 64 citations

Oral Administration of Growth Hormone (GH) Releasing Peptide-Mimetic MK-677 Stimulates the GH/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Axis in Selected GH-Deficient Adults¹

1997 • 64 citations

Acute Effects of Ghrelin on Insulin Secretion and Glucose Disposal Rate in Gastrectomized Patients

2006 • 61 citations

Overlapping Binding Site for the Endogenous Agonist, Small-Molecule Agonists, and Ago-allosteric Modulators on the Ghrelin Receptor

2008 • 60 citations

GH-Releasing Peptide-2 Increases Fat Mass in Mice Lacking NPY: Indication for a Crucial Mediating Role of Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein

2002 • 56 citations

Metabolic and endocrine effects of physiological increments in plasma ghrelin concentrations

2005 • 56 citations

Simultaneous Quantification of Ghrelin and Desacyl-Ghrelin by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Plasma, Serum, and Cell Supernatants

2007 • 55 citations

Growth Hormone-Independent Cardioprotective Effects of Hexarelin in the Rat

1999 • 54 citations

Identification of a mouse ghrelin gene transcript that contains intron 2 and is regulated in the pituitary and hypothalamus in response to metabolic stress

2007 • 52 citations

Ghrelin Is Produced by the Human Erythroleukemic HEL Cell Line and Involved in an Autocrine Pathway Leading to Cell Proliferation

2004 • 52 citations

Ghrelin Gene: Identification of Missense Variants and a Frameshift Mutation in Extremely Obese Children and Adolescents and Healthy Normal Weight Students

2002 • 51 citations

The prokinetic-like activity of ghrelin in rat isolated stomach is mediated via cholinergic and tachykininergic motor neurones

2006 • 49 citations

Hormonal and metabolic strategies to attenuate catabolism in critically ill patients

2004 • 49 citations

Gastrokinetic effect of ghrelin analog RC-1139 in the rat

2005 • 49 citations

Is ghrelin a signal of decreased fat-free mass in elderly subjects?

2006 • 49 citations

RAPID COMMUNICATIONS: Mutations in the Preproghrelin/Ghrelin Gene Associated with Obesity in Humans

2001 • 49 citations

Oral Administration of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue MK-677 Increases Markers of Bone Turnover in Healthy and Functionally Impaired Elderly Adults

1999 • 47 citations

Autoradiographic analysis of ghrelin receptors in the rat hypothalamus

2008 • 46 citations

Visualization of ghrelin-producing neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus using ghrelin-EGFP transgenic mice

2007 • 46 citations

Oral Administration of Growth Hormone (GH) Releasing Peptide-Mimetic MK-677 Stimulates the GH/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Axis in Selected GH-Deficient Adults

1997 • 46 citations

Catalytic antibody degradation of ghrelin increases whole-body metabolic rate and reduces refeeding in fasting mice

2008 • 46 citations

Intraamygdaloid microinjection of acylated-ghrelin influences passive avoidance learning

2009 • 44 citations

Potential of ghrelin as a therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal motility disorders

2006 • 44 citations

A Variation in the Ghrelin Gene Increases Weight and Decreases Insulin Secretion in Tall, Obese Children

2002 • 44 citations

Ghrelin resistance occurs in severe heart failure and resolves after heart transplantation

2009 • 43 citations

Anti-obesity drug development

2002 • 42 citations

Subtle Alterations of Cardiac Performance in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency: Results of a Two-Year Prospective, Case-Control Study

2009 • 39 citations

Cross-Sectional and Prospective Relationships of Fasting Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations with Anthropometric Measures in Pima Indian Children

2003 • 38 citations

The Antiproliferative Effect of Synthetic Peptidyl GH Secretagogues in Human CALU-1 Lung Carcinoma Cells

2002 • 38 citations

Changes in 24-h area-under-the-curve ghrelin values following diet-induced weight loss are associated with loss of fat-free mass, but not with changes in fat mass, insulin levels or insulin sensitivity

2006 • 37 citations

Growth hormone-releasing peptide can improve left ventricular dysfunction and attenuate dilation in dilated cardiomyopathic hamsters

2003 • 36 citations

A role for the novel weight-regulating hormone ghrelin in anorexia nervosa.

2002 • 36 citations

Assessment of ghrelin.

2003 • 35 citations

Possible implications of leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin in the regulation of energy homeostasis by thyroid hormone

2007 • 35 citations

Ghrelin stimulates proliferation of human osteoblastic TE85 cells via NO/cGMP signaling pathway

2008 • 34 citations

Effect of recombinant human growth hormone in elderly osteoporotic women

1999 • 34 citations

Ghrelin Receptor (GHS‐R1A) Agonists Show Potential as Interventive Agents during Aging

2007 • 32 citations

Intravenous administration of ghrelin stimulates growth hormone secretion in vagotomized patients as well as normal subjects

2004 • 30 citations

Effect of chronic hyperghrelinemia on ingestive action of ghrelin

2005 • 29 citations

Nicotine activates NPY and catecholaminergic neurons in brainstem regions involved in ACTH secretion

1997 • 28 citations

Effects of GH replacement therapy in adults on serum levels of leptin and ghrelin: the role of lipolysis

2005 • 28 citations

An update on promising agents for the treatment of cancer cachexia

2009 • 26 citations

Effects of ghrelin on feeding regulation and interdigestive migrating complex in rats

2006 • 23 citations

Enhanced adrenergic excitation of serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons in genetically obese rats

2002 • 23 citations

Hexarelin suppresses cardiac fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in rat

2007 • 22 citations

Hypothalamic Preproghrelin Gene Expression Is Repressed by Insulin via Both PI3-K/Akt and ERK1/2 MAPK Pathways in Immortalized, Hypothalamic Neurons

2008 • 19 citations

Not insulin but insulin sensivity, leptin, and Cortisol are major factors regulating serum acylated ghrelin level in healthy women

2007 • 19 citations

Circulating ghrelin levels of visceral obese men are not modified by a short-term treatment with very low doses of GH replacement

2003 • 16 citations

Ghrelin secretion is not reduced by increased fat mass during diet-induced obesity

2008 • 14 citations

Solubilization and Characterization of a Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor from Porcine Anterior Pituitary Membranes

1996 • 11 citations

Expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a in visceral vagal and spinal afferent pathways

2008 • 6 citations

Ghrelin and GH secretion

2003 • 5 citations