Ghrelin and the short- and long-term regulation of appetite and body weight

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004

2006 • 8,878 citations

Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach

1999 • 8,261 citations

International Union of Pharmacology: Approaches to the Nomenclature of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels

2003 • 7,170 citations

Central nervous system control of food intake

2000 • 6,305 citations

Obesity as a medical problem

2000 • 4,948 citations

Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents

2000 • 3,915 citations

A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding

2001 • 3,415 citations

A Preprandial Rise in Plasma Ghrelin Levels Suggests a Role in Meal Initiation in Humans

2001 • 2,865 citations

Ghrelin Enhances Appetite and Increases Food Intake in Humans

2001 • 2,330 citations

A Receptor in Pituitary and Hypothalamus That Functions in Growth Hormone Release

1996 • 2,048 citations

Circulating Ghrelin Levels Are Decreased in Human Obesity

2001 • 1,999 citations

Ghrelin, a Novel Growth Hormone-Releasing Acylated Peptide, Is Synthesized in a Distinct Endocrine Cell Type in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Rats and Humans¹

2000 • 1,794 citations

The Distribution and Mechanism of Action of Ghrelin in the CNS Demonstrates a Novel Hypothalamic Circuit Regulating Energy Homeostasis

2003 • 1,617 citations

The Novel Hypothalamic Peptide Ghrelin Stimulates Food Intake and Growth Hormone Secretion

2000 • 1,521 citations

The Tissue Distribution of the mRNA of Ghrelin and Subtypes of Its Receptor, GHS-R, in Humans

2002 • 1,331 citations

Plasma Ghrelin Levels in Lean and Obese Humans and the Effect of Glucose on Ghrelin Secretion

2002 • 1,246 citations

Stomach Is a Major Source of Circulating Ghrelin, and Feeding State Determines Plasma Ghrelin-Like Immunoreactivity Levels in Humans

2001 • 1,231 citations

Biological, Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ghrelin

2004 • 1,186 citations

Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin

2001 • 1,181 citations

Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in brain and peripheral tissues

1997 • 1,137 citations

Obestatin, a Peptide Encoded by the Ghrelin Gene, Opposes Ghrelin's Effects on Food Intake

2005 • 1,136 citations

Ghrelin Causes Hyperphagia and Obesity in Rats

2001 • 1,121 citations

NPY/AgRP Neurons Are Essential for Feeding in Adult Mice but Can Be Ablated in Neonates

2005 • 1,057 citations

The role of the gastric afferent vagal nerve in ghrelin-induced feeding and growth hormone secretion in rats

2002 • 1,055 citations

Expression of ghrelin receptor mRNA in the rat and the mouse brain

2005 • 1,029 citations

Ghrelin Stimulates Gastric Acid Secretion and Motility in Rats

2000 • 875 citations

Ghrelin, an Endogenous Growth Hormone Secretagogue, Is a Novel Orexigenic Peptide That Antagonizes Leptin Action Through the Activation of Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y/Y1 Receptor Pathway

2001 • 862 citations

Ghrelin controls hippocampal spine synapse density and memory performance

2006 • 806 citations

Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells

2004 • 758 citations

Dietary Fructose Reduces Circulating Insulin and Leptin, Attenuates Postprandial Suppression of Ghrelin, and Increases Triglycerides in Women

2004 • 728 citations

Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells

2004 • 708 citations

Ghrelin stimulation of growth hormone release and appetite is mediated through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor

2004 • 699 citations

Weight gain decreases elevated plasma ghrelin concentrations of patients with anorexia nervosa

2001 • 695 citations

Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels

2001 • 691 citations

Orexigenic Action of Peripheral Ghrelin Is Mediated by Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Protein

2004 • 662 citations

Ghrelin Enhances Appetite and Increases Food Intake in Humans

2001 • 634 citations

Deletion of Ghrelin Impairs neither Growth nor Appetite

2003 • 631 citations

Mice lacking ghrelin receptors resist the development of diet-induced obesity

2005 • 621 citations

Chronic Central Infusion of Ghrelin Increases Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Protein mRNA Levels and Body Weight in Rats

2001 • 617 citations

Elevated plasma ghrelin levels in Prader–Willi syndrome

2002 • 604 citations

Co-Localization of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor and NPY mRNA in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Rat

1999 • 592 citations

Neuropeptides and the control of food intake in fish

2004 • 549 citations

Resistin, Adiponectin, Ghrelin, Leptin, and Proinflammatory Cytokines: Relationships in Obesity

2004 • 547 citations

Structure−Function Studies on the New Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide, Ghrelin: Minimal Sequence of Ghrelin Necessary for Activation of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor 1a

2000 • 546 citations

Obesity

2002 • 532 citations

Food Fails to Suppress Ghrelin Levels in Obese Humans

2002 • 517 citations

Plasma ghrelin levels and hunger scores in humans initiating meals voluntarily without time- and food-related cues

2004 • 517 citations

Effects of Ghrelin Administration on Left Ventricular Function, Exercise Capacity, and Muscle Wasting in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

2004 • 515 citations

Plasma Acylation-Stimulating Protein, Adiponectin, Leptin, and Ghrelin before and after Weight Loss Induced by Gastric Bypass Surgery in Morbidly Obese Subjects

2003 • 509 citations

Gastric Bypass for Obesity: Mechanisms of Weight Loss and Diabetes Resolution

2004 • 504 citations

Weight loss increases circulating levels of ghrelin in human obesity

2002 • 498 citations

High Constitutive Signaling of the Ghrelin Receptor—Identification of a Potent Inverse Agonist

2003 • 489 citations

Ghrelin Inhibits Proinflammatory Responses and Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Human Endothelial Cells

2004 • 485 citations

Antagonism of ghrelin receptor reduces food intake and body weight gain in mice

2003 • 480 citations

Ghrelin, a Novel Growth Hormone-Releasing Acylated Peptide, Is Synthesized in a Distinct Endocrine Cell Type in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Rats and Humans

2000 • 469 citations

Ghrelin Increases Energy Intake in Cancer Patients with Impaired Appetite: Acute, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2004 • 457 citations

Genetic deletion of ghrelin does not decrease food intake but influences metabolic fuel preference

2004 • 455 citations

The Novel Hypothalamic Peptide Ghrelin Stimulates Food Intake and Growth Hormone Secretion

2000 • 454 citations

Ghrelin cells replace insulin-producing β cells in two mouse models of pancreas development

2004 • 442 citations

Elevated Circulating Level of Ghrelin in Cachexia Associated With Chronic Heart Failure

2001 • 432 citations

Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery on Fasting and Postprandial Concentrations of Plasma Ghrelin, Peptide YY, and Insulin

2005 • 424 citations

Acute Central Ghrelin and GH Secretagogues Induce Feeding and Activate Brain Appetite Centers

2002 • 420 citations

Ghrelin and Des-Octanoyl Ghrelin Promote Adipogenesis Directly in Vivo by a Mechanism Independent of the Type 1a Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor

2003 • 417 citations

Orexigen-sensitive NPY/AgRP pacemaker neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus

2004 • 416 citations

Ghrelin induces feeding in the mesolimbic reward pathway between the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens

2005 • 391 citations

Ghrelin Acts in the Central Nervous System to Stimulate Gastric Acid Secretion

2001 • 384 citations

Genetics and Pathophysiology of Human Obesity

2003 • 381 citations

Serum Ghrelin Levels Are Inversely Correlated with Body Mass Index, Age, and Insulin Concentrations in Normal Children and Are Markedly Increased in Prader-Willi Syndrome

2003 • 380 citations

Ghrelin increases food intake in obese as well as lean subjects

2005 • 378 citations

Cholecystokinin persistently suppresses meal size but not food intake in free-feeding rats

1984 • 372 citations

Stomach Is a Major Source of Circulating Ghrelin, and Feeding State Determines Plasma Ghrelin-Like Immunoreactivity Levels in Humans

2001 • 372 citations

Absence of ghrelin protects against early-onset obesity

2005 • 370 citations

Ghrelin Directly Interacts With Neuropeptide-Y-Containing Neurons in the Rat Arcuate Nucleus

2003 • 369 citations

Central Effect of Ghrelin, an Endogenous Growth Hormone Secretagogue, on Hypothalamic Peptide Gene Expression

2000 • 362 citations

The Tissue Distribution of the mRNA of Ghrelin and Subtypes of Its Receptor, GHS-R, in Humans

2002 • 356 citations

Ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations, 24-h satiety, and energy and substrate metabolism during a high-protein diet and measured in a respiration chamber

2006 • 352 citations

Systemic Administration of Ghrelin Induces Fos and Egr‐1 Proteins in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus of Fasted and Fed Rats

2000 • 352 citations

Endogenous Ghrelin in Pancreatic Islets Restricts Insulin Release by Attenuating Ca2+ Signaling in β-Cells

2004 • 351 citations

High Circulating Ghrelin: A Potential Cause for Hyperphagia and Obesity in Prader-Willi Syndrome

2002 • 343 citations

Plasma Ghrelin Levels in Lean and Obese Humans and the Effect of Glucose on Ghrelin Secretion

2002 • 342 citations

Programmed obesity in intrauterine growth-restricted newborns: modulation by newborn nutrition

2004 • 336 citations

Balance in Ghrelin and Leptin Plasma Levels in Anorexia Nervosa Patients and Constitutionally Thin Women

2003 • 335 citations

Common Structural Basis for Constitutive Activity of the Ghrelin Receptor Family

2004 • 335 citations

Differential role of the hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal raphe nucleus in regulating feeding, memory, and anxiety-like behavioral responses to ghrelin

2003 • 333 citations

Peripheral ghrelin selectively increases Fos expression in neuropeptide Y – synthesizing neurons in mouse hypothalamic arcuate nucleus

2002 • 330 citations

Effects of a Fixed Meal Pattern on Ghrelin Secretion: Evidence for a Learned Response Independent of Nutrient Status

2005 • 328 citations

Current status of medical and surgical therapy for obesity

2001 • 322 citations

Ghrelin and Adipose Tissue Regulatory Peptides: Effect of Gastric Bypass Surgery in Obese Humans

2003 • 320 citations

Ghrelin-producing cells exist as two types of cells, closed- and opened-type cells, in the rat gastrointestinal tract

2002 • 318 citations

Postprandial Suppression of Plasma Ghrelin Level Is Proportional to Ingested Caloric Load but Does Not Predict Intermeal Interval in Humans

2004 • 311 citations

Hyperphagic Effects of Brainstem Ghrelin Administration

2003 • 299 citations

Rhythms of ghrelin, leptin, and sleep in rats: effects of the normal diurnal cycle, restricted feeding, and sleep deprivation

2004 • 296 citations

Treatment of Cachexia With Ghrelin in Patients With COPD

2005 • 294 citations

Plasma ghrelin concentrations in elderly subjects: comparison with anorexic and obese patients

2002 • 293 citations

Hypothalamic growth hormone secretagogue receptor regulates growth hormone secretion, feeding, and adiposity

2002 • 290 citations

Ultradian Rhythmicity of Ghrelin Secretion in Relation with GH, Feeding Behavior, and Sleep-Wake Patterns in Rats

2002 • 288 citations

Induction of c-fos Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Neuropeptide Y and Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Factor Neurons in the Rat Arcuate Nucleus Following Systemic Injection of the GH Secretagogue, GH-Releasing Peptide-6*

1997 • 285 citations

Increased plasma ghrelin level in lung cancer cachexia.

2003 • 283 citations

Roles for Ghrelin in the Regulation of Appetite and Body Weight

2003 • 282 citations

Ghrelin Levels Correlate with Insulin Levels, Insulin Resistance, and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, But Not with Gender, Menopausal Status, or Cortisol Levels in Humans

2003 • 277 citations

Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations Are Decreased in Insulin-Resistant Obese Adults Relative to Equally Obese Insulin-Sensitive Controls

2004 • 275 citations

Ghrelin/motilin-related peptide is a potent prokinetic to reverse gastric postoperative ileus in rat

2002 • 274 citations

Ghrelin, Peptide YY, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide, and Hunger Responses to a Mixed Meal in Anorexic, Obese, and Control Female Adolescents

2005 • 274 citations

Plasma Ghrelin and Desacyl Ghrelin Concentrations in Renal Failure

2002 • 273 citations

Vagotomy Dissociates Short- and Long-Term Controls of Circulating Ghrelin

2003 • 260 citations

Active Ghrelin Levels and Active to Total Ghrelin Ratio in Cancer-Induced Cachexia

2005 • 249 citations

Role for central ghrelin in food intake and secretion profile of stomach ghrelin in rats

2002 • 245 citations

Ghrelin regulates mitochondrial-lipid metabolism gene expression and tissue fat distribution in liver and skeletal muscle

2004 • 245 citations

Structure–Activity Relationship of Ghrelin: Pharmacological Study of Ghrelin Peptides

2001 • 245 citations

Ingested Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Are Directly Utilized for the Acyl Modification of Ghrelin

2005 • 242 citations

Postembryonic ablation of AgRP neurons in mice leads to a lean, hypophagic phenotype

2005 • 235 citations

International Union of Pharmacology. LVI. Ghrelin Receptor Nomenclature, Distribution, and Function

2005 • 234 citations

The Role of Ghrelin and Growth Hormone Secretagogues Receptor on Rat Adipogenesis

2003 • 233 citations

Meal-Related Ghrelin Suppression Requires Postgastric Feedback

2003 • 232 citations

The Mitogenic and Antiapoptotic Actions of Ghrelin in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

2004 • 230 citations

Agouti-Related Peptide, Neuropeptide Y, and Somatostatin-Producing Neurons Are Targets for Ghrelin Actions in the Rat Hypothalamus

2003 • 229 citations

Circulating Ghrelin Is Sensitive to Changes in Body Weight during a Diet and Exercise Program in Normal-Weight Young Women

2004 • 228 citations

Differential BBB interactions of three ingestive peptides: Obestatin, ghrelin, and adiponectin

2006 • 225 citations

Differential Responses of Circulating Ghrelin to High-Fat or High-Carbohydrate Meal in Healthy Women

2003 • 225 citations

Central Administration of Ghrelin and Agouti-Related Protein (83–132) Increases Food Intake and Decreases Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Rats

2004 • 223 citations

Secretory dynamics of leptin in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescents

2005 • 220 citations

Postprandial Response of Plasma Ghrelin Levels to Various Test Meals in Relation to Food Intake, Plasma Insulin, and Glucose

2004 • 220 citations

Roles of Leptin and Ghrelin in the Loss of Body Weight Caused by a Low Fat, High Carbohydrate Diet

2003 • 216 citations

Reversal of Cancer Anorexia by Blockade of Central Melanocortin Receptors in Rats

2001 • 216 citations

Hypothalamic growth hormone secretagogue receptor regulates growth hormone secretion, feeding, and adiposity

2002 • 215 citations

Ghrelin Is Expressed in a Novel Endocrine Cell Type in Developing Rat Islets and Inhibits Insulin Secretion from INS-1 (832/13) Cells

2004 • 210 citations

Central Ghrelin Modulates Sympathetic Activity in Conscious Rabbits

2002 • 208 citations

Role of the Duodenum and Macronutrient Type in Ghrelin Regulation

2004 • 207 citations

Subcutaneous Ghrelin Enhances Acute Food Intake in Malnourished Patients Who Receive Maintenance Peritoneal Dialysis

2005 • 207 citations

Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin both inhibit isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in rat adipocytes via a non-type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor

2004 • 203 citations

Ghrelin: a Gut-Brain Hormone: Effect of Gastric Bypass Surgery

2003 • 202 citations

Ghrelin and Energy Balance: Focus on Current Controversies

2005 • 202 citations

Differential effect of protein and fat on plasma ghrelin levels in man

2003 • 202 citations

Changes of Body Weight and Plasma Ghrelin Levels after Gastric Banding and Gastric Bypass

2004 • 194 citations

Ghrelin and Gastric Bypass: Is There a Hormonal Contribution to Surgical Weight Loss?

2003 • 189 citations

Role of Ghrelin Polymorphisms in Obesity Based on Three Different Studies

2002 • 189 citations

Identification of ghrelin and its receptor in neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus

2004 • 178 citations

Genetic determinants of pancreatic ε-cell development

2005 • 176 citations

Ghrelin stimulates gastric emptying but is without effect on acid secretion and gastric endocrine cells

2004 • 173 citations

Fasting Ghrelin Levels in Physically Active Women: Relationship with Menstrual Disturbances and Metabolic Hormones

2004 • 171 citations

Different Plasma Ghrelin Levels after Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass and Adjustable Gastric Banding in Morbid Obese Subjects

2003 • 170 citations

Ghrelin Stimulates Appetite, Imagination of Food, GH, ACTH, and Cortisol, but does not Affect Leptin in Normal Controls

2005 • 167 citations

The Decrease in Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations following Bariatric Surgery Depends on the Functional Integrity of the Fundus

2004 • 165 citations

Loss of Meal-Induced Decrease in Plasma Ghrelin Levels in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2003 • 165 citations

Changes in ghrelin and ghrelin receptor expression according to feeding status

2003 • 164 citations

Centrally administered ghrelin suppresses sympathetic nerve activity in brown adipose tissue of rats

2003 • 161 citations

Molecular Forms of Hypothalamic Ghrelin and Its Regulation by Fasting and 2-Deoxy-d-Glucose Administration

2005 • 160 citations

Ghrelin-leptin tango in body-weight regulation

2003 • 160 citations

Ghrelin levels from fetal life through early adulthood: relationship with endocrine and metabolic and anthropometric measures

2004 • 157 citations

Anti-cachectic effect of ghrelin in nude mice bearing human melanoma cells

2003 • 154 citations

Exogenous and endogenous ghrelin in gastroprotection against stress-induced gastric damage

2004 • 153 citations

Plasma ghrelin levels during exercise in healthy subjects and in growth hormone-deficient patients

2002 • 150 citations

Acute Central Ghrelin and GH Secretagogues Induce Feeding and Activate Brain Appetite Centers

2002 • 146 citations

Secretory dynamics of ghrelin in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescents

2005 • 146 citations

Intracellular Signaling Mechanisms Mediating Ghrelin-Stimulated Growth Hormone Release in Somatotropes

2003 • 146 citations

Rigorous Running Increases Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Without Altering Ghrelin

2004 • 141 citations

Elevated Plasma Ghrelin Level in Underweight Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2004 • 141 citations

Ghrelin Neutralization by a Ribonucleic Acid-SPM Ameliorates Obesity in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2005 • 141 citations

Regulation of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Gene Expression in the Arcuate Nuclei of the Rat by Leptin and Ghrelin

2004 • 136 citations

Inhibition of ghrelin actionin vitroandin vivoby an RNA-Spiegelmer

2004 • 135 citations

Plasma levels of active form of ghrelin during oral glucose tolerance test in patients with anorexia nervosa

2003 • 134 citations

Ghrelin response to carbohydrate-enriched breakfast is related to insulin1–3

2005 • 132 citations

Serum Ghrelin Levels in Response to Glucose Load in Obese Subjects Post‐Gastric Bypass Surgery

2003 • 132 citations

Fasting Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations 6 Months after Gastric Bypass are not Determined by Weight Loss or Changes in Insulinemia

2004 • 131 citations

Ghrelin, Macronutrient Intake and Dietary Preferences in Long–Evans Rats

2002 • 131 citations

The Effects of Gastric Surgery on Systemic Ghrelin Levels in the Morbidly Obese

2004 • 130 citations

Vagal stimulation exaggerates the inhibitory ghrelin response to oral fat in humans

2004 • 128 citations

Somatostatin Infusion Lowers Plasma Ghrelin without Reducing Appetite in Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome

2004 • 126 citations

Ghrelin is an orexigenic and metabolic signaling peptide in the arcuate and paraventricular nuclei

2005 • 126 citations

Ghrelin regulates adiposity in white adipose tissue and UCP1 mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue in mice

2005 • 124 citations

A transient surge of ghrelin secretion before feeding is modified by different feeding regimens in sheep

2002 • 123 citations

Central administration of ghrelin preferentially enhances fat ingestion

2004 • 123 citations

Food Fails to Suppress Ghrelin Levels in Obese Humans

2002 • 122 citations

Ghrelin attenuates the development of acute pancreatitis in rat.

2003 • 122 citations

Resistance to the orexigenic effect of ghrelin in dietary-induced obesity in mice: reversal upon weight loss

2004 • 122 citations

Altered ghrelin and peptide YY responses to meals in bulimia nervosa

2004 • 120 citations

Fasting and Postprandial Hyperghrelinemia in Prader-Willi Syndrome Is Partially Explained by Hypoinsulinemia, and Is Not Due to Peptide YY_3–36Deficiency or Seen in Hypothalamic Obesity Due to Craniopharyngioma

2005 • 118 citations

Endogenous ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide acting in the arcuate nucleus in response to fasting

2003 • 115 citations

Long-term treatment of ghrelin stimulates feeding, fat deposition, and alters the GH/IGF-I axis in the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

2005 • 115 citations

Peripheral ghrelin injections stimulate food intake, foraging, and food hoarding in Siberian hamsters

2004 • 114 citations

Growth Hormone and Ghrelin Responses to an Oral Glucose Load in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa and Controls

2004 • 112 citations

Elevated Umbilical Cord Ghrelin Concentrations in Small for Gestational Age Neonates

2003 • 112 citations

Central Effect of Ghrelin, an Endogenous Growth Hormone Secretagogue, on Hypothalamic Peptide Gene Expression

2000 • 111 citations

Circulating Ghrelin Levels Are Suppressed by Meals and Octreotide Therapy in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome

2003 • 111 citations

Short‐Term Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on Circulating Ghrelin Levels

2004 • 111 citations

Elevated Fasting Plasma Ghrelin in Prader-Willi Syndrome Adults Is Not Solely Explained by Their Reduced Visceral Adiposity and Insulin Resistance

2004 • 111 citations

Ligand Activation Domain of Human Orphan Growth Hormone (GH) Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R) Conserved from Pufferfish to Humans

2000 • 109 citations

Endocrine and metabolic aspects of adult Prader–Willi syndrome with special emphasis on the effect of growth hormone treatment

2003 • 109 citations

Ghrelin Concentration in Cord and Neonatal Blood: Relation to Fetal Growth and Energy Balance

2003 • 109 citations

Low-fat diets and energy balance: how does the evidence stand in 2002?

2002 • 109 citations

Circulating and cerebrospinal fluid ghrelin and leptin: potential role in altered body weight in Huntington's disease

2004 • 108 citations

Ghrelin in chronic liver disease

2003 • 106 citations

Endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids decrease plasma ghrelin in humans

2004 • 106 citations

Malignant Gastric Ghrelinoma with Hyperghrelinemia

2004 • 106 citations

Effects of Modified Sham Feeding on Ghrelin Levels in Healthy Human Subjects

2004 • 105 citations

Circulating levels of ghrelin in human fetuses

2003 • 102 citations

Ghrelin Gene Expression Is Markedly Higher in Fetal Pancreas Compared with Fetal Stomach: Effect of Maternal Fasting

2004 • 102 citations

Effect of ghrelin and growth hormone‐releasing peptide 6 on septic ileus in mice

2004 • 101 citations

Acute Exercise has no Effect on Ghrelin Plasma Concentrations

2004 • 100 citations

Ghrelin treatment reverses the reduction in weight gain and body fat in gastrectomised mice

2005 • 98 citations

Changes in ghrelin and ghrelin receptor expression according to feeding status

2003 • 95 citations

Plasma ghrelin levels in patients undergoing haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

2004 • 95 citations

Regulation of PIT-1 Expression By Ghrelin and GHRP-6 Through the GH Secretagogue Receptor

2001 • 94 citations

Induction of c-fos Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Neuropeptide Y and Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Factor Neurons in the Rat Arcuate Nucleus Following Systemic Injection of the GH Secretagogue, GH-Releasing Peptide-6

1997 • 93 citations

Ultradian Rhythmicity of Ghrelin Secretion in Relation with GH, Feeding Behavior, and Sleep-Wake Patterns in Rats

2002 • 90 citations

Diet, behavior modification, and exercise: a review of obesity treatments from a long-term perspective.

1991 • 89 citations

Changes in Plasma Ghrelin Concentration Immediately after Gastrectomy in Patients with Early Gastric Cancer

2004 • 88 citations

Diurnal Rhythm of Agouti-Related Protein and Its Relation to Corticosterone and Food Intake

2002 • 85 citations

Progress in Implantable Gastric Stimulation: Summary of Results of the European Multi-Center Study

2004 • 84 citations

Ghrelin levels before and after reduction of overweight due to a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet in obese children and adolescents

2005 • 84 citations

Diurnal rhythms of leptin and ghrelin in the systemic circulation and in the gastric mucosa are related to food intake in rats

2004 • 83 citations

Immunoreactive Ghrelin in Human Cord Blood: Relation to Anthropometry, Leptin, and Growth Hormone

2002 • 82 citations

Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations, Food Intake, and Anorexia in Liver Failure

2004 • 78 citations

Novel analogs of ghrelin: physiological and clinical implications

2004 • 77 citations

Ghrelin secretion in severely obese subjects before and after a 3-week integrated body mass reduction program

2003 • 77 citations

Effect of Uncontrolled Diabetes on Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations and Ghrelin-Induced Feeding

2004 • 76 citations

Postprandial ghrelin release in anorectic patients before and after weight gain

2005 • 74 citations

Effects of high-fat feeding and fasting on ghrelin expression in the mouse stomach

2004 • 71 citations

Umbilical cord ghrelin concentrations in small- and appropriate-for-gestational age newborn infants: relationship to anthropometric markers

2004 • 70 citations

Reversal of Cancer Anorexia by Blockade of Central Melanocortin Receptors in Rats

2001 • 70 citations

Fasting and Post-Glucose Ghrelin Levels in SGA Infants: Relationships with Size and Weight Gain at One Year of Age

2002 • 69 citations

Diet, Behavior Modification, and Exercise

1991 • 68 citations

Anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer NOX-B11 inhibits neurostimulatory and orexigenic effects of peripheral ghrelin in rats

2005 • 67 citations

Effect of moderate incremental exercise, performed in fed and fasted state on cardio-respiratory variables and leptin and ghrelin concentrations in young healthy men.

2005 • 67 citations

Differential Effects of High-fat and High-carbohydrate Content Isoenergetic Meals on Plasma Active Ghrelin Concentrations in Lean and Obese Women

2004 • 65 citations

Upregulation of ghrelin expression in cachectic nude mice bearing human melanoma cells

2003 • 65 citations

Changes in Expression of the Genes for the Leptin Receptor and the Growth Hormone‐Releasing Peptide/Ghrelin Receptor in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus with Long‐Term Manipulation of Adiposity by Dietary Means

2005 • 63 citations

PLASMA GHRELIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME

2002 • 62 citations

Plasma ghrelin response following a period of acute overfeeding in normal weight men

2004 • 61 citations

Two new peptides to improve post-operative gastric ileus in dog

2003 • 60 citations

Effect of nutritional rehabilitation on circulating ghrelin and growth hormone levels in patients with anorexia nervosa

2004 • 60 citations

Correlation between Fasting Plasma Ghrelin Levels and Age, Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI Percentiles, and 24-Hour Plasma Ghrelin Profiles in Prader-Willi Syndrome

2004 • 57 citations

Loss of G_q/11 Family G Proteins in the Nervous System Causes Pituitary Somatotroph Hypoplasia and Dwarfism in Mice

2005 • 57 citations

Ghrelin levels in young children with Prader-Willi syndrome

2006 • 56 citations

Plasma Peptide YY and Ghrelin Levels in Infants and Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome

2004 • 55 citations

Ultrastructure of islet ghrelin cells in the human fetus

2005 • 54 citations

Central Administration of Ghrelin Stimulates Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion via the Vagus in Conscious Rats

2003 • 52 citations

The interoceptive cue properties of ghrelin generalize to cues produced by food deprivation

2005 • 52 citations

Periprandial changes in growth hormone release in goldfish: role of somatostatin, ghrelin, and gastrin-releasing peptide

2005 • 52 citations

Distribution of ghrelin-immunoreactive cells in human gastric mucosa: comparison with that of parietal cells

2005 • 51 citations

Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-2 (GHRP-2), Like Ghrelin, Increases Food Intake in Healthy Men

2005 • 51 citations

Changes in plasma ghrelin and growth hormone concentrations in mature Holstein cows and three-month-old calves1

2004 • 51 citations

Circulating Ghrelin Levels and Central Ghrelin Receptor Expression are Elevated in Response to Food Deprivation in a Seasonal Mammal (Phodopus sungorus)

2004 • 50 citations

Ligand Activation Domain of Human Orphan Growth Hormone (GH) Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R) Conserved from Pufferfish to Humans

2000 • 50 citations

Ghrelin in preterm and term newborns: relation to anthropometry, leptin and insulin

2005 • 49 citations

Hyperghrelinemia Is a Common Feature of Prader-Willi Syndrome and Pituitary Stalk Interruption: A Pathophysiological Hypothesis

2004 • 48 citations

Overfeeding-induced weight gain suppresses plasma ghrelin levels in rats

2006 • 47 citations

High‐fat Diet‐induced Ultradian Leptin and Insulin Hypersecretion are Absent in Obesity‐resistant Rats*

2005 • 47 citations

Fetal Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and Ghrelin in Association with Birth Weight and Postnatal Growth in Monozygotic Twins with Discordant Growth

2005 • 47 citations

Changes in serum ghrelin predict weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in rats

2005 • 45 citations

Low Cord Ghrelin Levels in Term Infants Are Associated with Slow Weight Gain Over the First 3 Months of Life

2004 • 42 citations

Concentration of the n-Octanoylated Active Form of Ghrelin in Fetal and Neonatal Circulation

2005 • 41 citations

Ghrelin injected into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus of male rats induces feeding but not penile erection

2002 • 40 citations

Reduced plasma ghrelin concentration in celiac disease after gluten-free diet treatment

2005 • 39 citations

Increased Density of Ghrelin-Expressing Cells in the Gastric Fundus and Body in Prader-Willi Syndrome

2005 • 38 citations

Exercise, hormones, and body temperature. Regulation and action of GH during exercise

2003 • 36 citations

Progress in Implantable Gastric Stimulation: Summary of Results of the European Multi-Center Study

2004 • 36 citations

Regulation of PIT-1 Expression By Ghrelin and GHRP-6 Through the GH Secretagogue Receptor

2001 • 35 citations

Differential effects of methamphetamine on expression of neuropeptide Y mRNA in hypothalamus and on serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations in ad libitum-fed and schedule-fed rats

2005 • 34 citations

Hyperghrelinemia Does Not Accelerate Gastric Emptying in Prader-Willi Syndrome Patients

2005 • 34 citations

The relationship of plasma ghrelin level to energy regulation, feeding and left ventricular function in non-diabetic haemodialysis patients

2005 • 31 citations

Effect of weight reduction on serum ghrelin and TNFα concentrations in obese women

2004 • 31 citations

Influencing the between-feeding and endocrine responses of plasma ghrelin in healthy dogs

2005 • 30 citations

Central Responsiveness to a Ghrelin Mimetic (GHRP‐6) is Rapidly Altered by Acute Changes in Nutritional Status in Rats

2005 • 28 citations

Fasting Ghrelin Levels Are Not Elevated in Children with Hypothalamic Obesity

2005 • 26 citations

Is There a Role for Ghrelin and Peptide-YY in the Pathogenesis of Obesity in Adults with Acquired Structural Hypothalamic Damage?

2005 • 26 citations

Long-term infusion of nutrients (total parenteral nutrition) suppresses circulating ghrelin in food-deprived rats

2005 • 25 citations

Hypothalamic expression of NPY mRNA, vasopressin mRNA and CRF mRNA in response to food restriction and central administration of the orexigenic peptide GHRP-6

2005 • 22 citations

Restricción del crecimiento fetal e insulinorresistencia: Nuevos hallazgos y revisión de la literatura

2005 • 18 citations

Ghrelin in plants: What is the function of an appetite hormone in plants?

2006 • 14 citations

Ghrelin and truncated ghrelin variant plasmid vectors administration into skeletal muscle augments long-term growth in rats

2004 • 14 citations

Effect of ghrelin on activities of some lysosomal hydrolases in rabbits.

2005 • 11 citations

Inhibition of Insulin, Glucose-Dependant Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Secretion by Octreotide has no Effect on Post-Heparin Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase Activity

1999 • 9 citations

Inhibitory Effects of Octreotide on Luminal Cholecystokinin-releasing Factor, Plasma Cholecystokinin, and Pancreatic Secretion in Conscious Rats

2002 • 6 citations