Hormonal and metabolic strategies to attenuate catabolism in critically ill patients

Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients

2001 • 9,943 citations

Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill: Insulin dose versus glycemic control*

2003 • 1,473 citations

INCREASED MORTALITY ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH HORMONE TREATMENT IN CRITICALLY ILL ADULTS

1999 • 894 citations

Reversal of Catabolism by Beta-Blockade after Severe Burns

2001 • 607 citations

Modulation of stress-induced ACTH release by corticotropin-releasing factor, catecholamines and vasopressin

1983 • 535 citations

Aggressive Nutritional Support Does Not Prevent Protein Loss Despite Fat Gain in Septic Intensive Care Patients

1987 • 475 citations

Reduced Activation and Increased Inactivation of Thyroid Hormone in Tissues of Critically Ill Patients

2003 • 414 citations

Acute and Prolonged Critical Illness as Different Neuroendocrine Paradigms¹

1998 • 349 citations

The effect of growth hormone administration in growth hormone deficient adults on bone, protein, carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis, as well as on body composition

1992 • 313 citations

Critically ill patients have high basal growth hormone levels with attenuated oscillatory activity associated with low levels of insulin–like growth factor‐I

1991 • 286 citations

Differential Cardiac Effects of Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor1 in the Rat

1996 • 275 citations

Muscle wasting and energy balance in critical illness

2003 • 236 citations

Effect of Tri-Iodothyronine Replacement on the Metabolic and Pituitary Responses to Starvation

1979 • 235 citations

Gender differences in drug metabolism regulated by growth hormone

1995 • 227 citations

Reactivation of Pituitary Hormone Release and Metabolic Improvement by Infusion of Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Patients with Protracted Critical Illness1

1999 • 227 citations

The Relationship between Serum Triiodothyronine and Thyrotropin during Systemic Illness*

1982 • 203 citations

Insulinlike Growth Factor 1 Production Is Inhibited in Human Sepsis

1988 • 198 citations

Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Accelerates Wound Healing in Children with Large Cutaneous Burns

1994 • 181 citations

A trial of thyroxine in acute renal failure

2000 • 167 citations

Thyrotrophin and prolactin release in prolonged critical illness: dynamics of spontaneous secretion and effects of growth hormone‐secretagogues

1997 • 158 citations

Testosterone administration in severe burns ameliorates muscle catabolism

2001 • 152 citations

The Somatotropic Axis in Critical Illness: Effect of Continuous Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Hormone and GH-Releasing Peptide-2 Infusion¹

1997 • 141 citations

Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 during Protracted Critical Illness

2002 • 137 citations

Testosterone: the culprit for producing splenocyte immune depression after trauma hemorrhage

1998 • 137 citations

Comparison of the anabolic effects and complications of human growth hormone and the testosterone analog, oxandrolone, after severe burn injury

1999 • 134 citations

Is There Still a Place for Dopamine in the Modern Intensive Care Unit?

2004 • 132 citations

The combined administration of GH‐releasing peptide‐2 (GHRP‐2), TRH and GnRH to men with prolonged critical illness evokes superior endocrine and metabolic effects compared to treatment with GHRP‐2 alone

2002 • 128 citations

Efficacy of a high-carbohydrate diet in catabolic illness

2001 • 121 citations

Endocrine evaluation of patients with critical illness

2003 • 118 citations

Five-Day Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Administration Unveils Combined Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Defects Underlying Profound Hypoandrogenism in Men with Prolonged Critical Illness1

2001 • 112 citations

Use of a leucine clamp to demonstrate that IGF-I actively stimulates protein synthesis in normal humans

1994 • 111 citations

EFFECT OF SURGICAL STRESS ON PITUITARY‐TESTICULAR FUNCTION

1978 • 105 citations

A Paradoxical Gender Dissociation within the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Axis during Protracted Critical Illness1

2000 • 104 citations

Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and the Cortisol-Cortisone Shuttle

2001 • 103 citations

Low phagocytic activity of resident peritoneal macrophages in diabetic mice: relevance to the formation of advanced glycation end products.

1999 • 100 citations

Longitudinal changes of biochemical parameters in muscle during critical illness

1997 • 99 citations

Growth Hormone Therapy in Adults

2003 • 95 citations

Measurement of Human Growth Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid by a Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Assay: Demonstration of Reduced Expression after Elective Surgery*

1997 • 95 citations

Extreme hyperinsulinemia unmasks insulin’s effect to stimulate protein synthesis in the human forearm

1998 • 92 citations

GH insensitivity induced by endotoxin injection is associated with decreased liver GH receptors

1999 • 92 citations

The controversy of the treatment of critically ill patients with thyroid hormone

2001 • 88 citations

Enteral nutrition and mucosal immunity: implications for feeding strategies in surgery and trauma.

2004 • 85 citations

Role of L-glutamine in critical illness: new insights

2003 • 83 citations

Growth Hormone After Abdominal Surgery Attenuated Forearm Glutamine, Alanine, 3-Methylhistidine, and Total Amino Acid Efflux in Patients Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition

1993 • 78 citations

Effects of growth hormone administration on fuel oxidation and thyroid function in normal man

1992 • 73 citations

A Novel in Vivo Rabbit Model of Hypercatabolic Critical Illness Reveals a Biphasic Neuroendocrine Stress Response

2002 • 73 citations

Pituitary responsiveness to GH‐releasing hormone, GH‐releasing peptide‐2 and thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone in critical illness

1996 • 73 citations

Protein-Sparing Effect in Skeletal Muscle of Growth Hormone Treatment in Critically Ill Patients

2000 • 66 citations

Regulation of the Somatotropic Axis by Intensive Insulin Therapy during Protracted Critical Illness

2004 • 58 citations

Growth Hormone and the Immune Response to Bacterial Infection

1996 • 54 citations

Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Decreases Lung and Liver Tissue Lipid Peroxidation and Increases Antioxidant Activity After Thermal Injury in Rats

1998 • 51 citations

Transgenic rabbits overexpressing growth hormone develop acromegaly and diabetes mellitus

1998 • 50 citations

Endocrine and Metabolic Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) Compared with GH-Releasing Peptide, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, and Insulin Infusion in a Rabbit Model of Prolonged Critical Illness

2003 • 48 citations

Anabolic action of insulin on skin wound protein is augmented by exogenous amino acids

2002 • 46 citations

Growth Hormone, Alone and in Combination With Insulin, Increases Whole Body and Skeletal Muscle Protein Kinetics in Cancer Patients After Surgery

1999 • 44 citations

Intravenous Fat Emulsion Acutely Suppresses Neutrophil Chemiluminescence

1989 • 43 citations

Growth hormone potentiates the in vivo biological activities of endotoxin in the rat

1996 • 42 citations

Effects of glutamine supplementation, GH, and IGF-I on glutamine metabolism in critically ill patients

2000 • 41 citations

Combined growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I in addition to glutamine-supplemented TPN results in net protein anabolism in critical illness

2004 • 39 citations

Dangers of growth hormone therapy in critically ill patients

2002 • 39 citations

Anabolic strategies in critical illness

2002 • 39 citations

Growth Hormone and Lipids

1991 • 38 citations

Anabolic and cardiovascular effects of recombinant human growth hormone in surgical patients with sepsis

1996 • 37 citations

The role of insulin, growth hormone and IGF-I as anabolic agents in the critically ill

1993 • 24 citations

Growth Hormone Impaired Compensation of Hemorrhagic Shock after Trauma and Sepsis in Swine

1996 • 24 citations

Physiological and Pathophysiological Aspects of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression in the Human Hypothalamus

1998 • 20 citations

Is parenteral nutrition really that risky in the intensive care unit?

2004 • 19 citations

Effects of growth hormone in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition following major gastrointestinal surgery.

1992 • 19 citations

Growth Hormone Increases Circulating Neutrophil Activation and Provokes Lung Microvascular Injury in Septic Peritonitis Rats

2002 • 17 citations

Effect of growth hormone on muscle and liver protein synthesis in septic rats receiving glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrition

2002 • 16 citations

Can it all be done by enteral nutrition?

2004 • 14 citations