Progress in Clinical Neurosciences: The Neuropathogenesis of HIV Infection: Host-Virus Interaction and the Impact of Therapy

HIV-1 Entry Cofactor: Functional cDNA Cloning of a Seven-Transmembrane, G Protein-Coupled Receptor

1996 • 4,184 citations

Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1

1996 • 3,649 citations

Structure of an HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein in complex with the CD4 receptor and a neutralizing human antibody

1998 • 2,929 citations

CC CKR5: A RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β Receptor as a Fusion Cofactor for Macrophage-Tropic HIV-1

1996 • 2,735 citations

Knockout of Glutamate Transporters Reveals a Major Role for Astroglial Transport in Excitotoxicity and Clearance of Glutamate

1996 • 2,470 citations

Decay characteristics of HIV-1-infected compartments during combination therapy

1997 • 1,849 citations

Detection of AIDS Virus in Macrophages in Brain Tissue from AIDS Patients with Encephalopathy

1986 • 1,694 citations

The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features

1986 • 1,679 citations

The AIDS Dementia Complex

1988 • 1,387 citations

The AIDS dementia complex: II. Neuropathology

1986 • 1,280 citations

Cellular localization of human immunodeficiency virus infection within the brains of acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients.

1986 • 1,242 citations

The changing landscape of ischaemic brain injury mechanisms

1999 • 1,111 citations

MICROGLIA AS MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATORY AND DEGENERATIVE DISEASES

1999 • 977 citations

CCR3 and CCR5 are co-receptors for HIV-1 infection of microglia

1997 • 923 citations

HTLV-III Infection in Brains of Children and Adults with AIDS Encephalopathy

1985 • 899 citations

Dual Infection of the Central Nervous System by AIDS Viruses with Distinct Cellular Tropisms

1987 • 831 citations

Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus‐type 1 (HIV‐1) infection

1991 • 755 citations

Chemokines regulate hippocampal neuronal signaling and gp120 neurotoxicity

1998 • 697 citations

Central nervous system damage produced by expression of the HIV-1 coat protein gpl20 in transgenic mice

1994 • 678 citations

Dementia in AIDS patients

1993 • 671 citations

Immunocytochemical quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in the brain: Correlations with dementia

1995 • 663 citations

Matrix metalloproteinases and diseases of the CNS

1998 • 646 citations

Secretion of Neurotoxins by Mononuclear Phagocytes Infected with HIV-1

1990 • 628 citations

HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes:

2001 • 597 citations

HIV-1 Coat Protein Neurotoxicity Prevented by Calcium Channel Antagonists

1990 • 595 citations

Macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus isolates from different patients exhibit unusual V3 envelope sequence homogeneity in comparison with T-cell-tropic isolates: definition of critical amino acids involved in cell tropism

1992 • 594 citations

Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Testing in Adults With HIV Infection

1998 • 582 citations

Cytokine expression in the brain during the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1992 • 572 citations

Induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in HIV-1 Tat-stimulated astrocytes and elevation in AIDS dementia

1998 • 568 citations

Quinolinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in HIV‐1 Infection: Relationship to clinical and neurological status

1991 • 563 citations

Pathogenesis of lentivirus infections

1986 • 558 citations

Cytokines and arachidonic metabolites produced during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected macrophage-astroglia interactions: implications for the neuropathogenesis of HIV disease.

1992 • 531 citations

Reservoirs for HIV-1: Mechanisms for Viral Persistence in the Presence of Antiviral Immune Responses and Antiretroviral Therapy

2000 • 528 citations

Inhibition of Entry of HIV-1 in Neural Cell Lines by Antibodies Against Galactosyl Ceramide

1991 • 523 citations

Chemokines and activated macrophages in HIV gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis

1999 • 513 citations

Cutaneous innervation in sensory neuropathies

1995 • 466 citations

Dementia Associated with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

1995 • 465 citations

Neocortical damage during HIV infection

1991 • 456 citations

Neurologic Manifestations of AIDS

1987 • 438 citations

Immunologic NO Synthase: Elevation in Severe AIDS Dementia and Induction by HIV-1 gp41

1996 • 422 citations

Changes to AIDS dementia complex in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

1999 • 422 citations

Intracerebral cytokine messenger RNA expression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dememtia

1993 • 418 citations

Cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 in the central nervous system of infected individuals

1996 • 412 citations

Neuropathology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

1991 • 411 citations

Localization of HIV‐1 in human brain using polymerase chain reaction/in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry

1996 • 405 citations

Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus—associated dementia and viral load in cerebrospinal fluid and brain

1997 • 397 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtypes Differ in Disease Progression

1999 • 385 citations

HIV‐1, macrophages, glial cells, and cytokines in AIDS nervous system disease

1991 • 359 citations

Loss of neurons in the frontal cortex in AIDS brains

1990 • 355 citations

An infectious molecular clone of an unusual macrophage-tropic and highly cytopathic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

1992 • 353 citations

HIV-1 biological phenotype in long-term infected individuals evaluated with an MT-2 cocultivation assay

1992 • 353 citations

Transient Exposure to HIV-1 Tat Protein Results in Cytokine Production in Macrophages and Astrocytes

1999 • 351 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coat protein neurotoxicity mediated by nitric oxide in primary cortical cultures.

1993 • 348 citations

Tryptophan metabolism and brain function: focus on kynurenine and other indole metabolites

1999 • 345 citations

HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS

1995 • 343 citations

Specific Tropism of HIV-1 for Microglial Cells in Primary Human Brain Cultures

1990 • 343 citations

Latent reservoirs of HIV: Obstacles to the eradication of virus

1999 • 337 citations

Cerebral white matter changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia: Alterations of the blood‐brain barrier

1993 • 333 citations

?-Chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES are selectively increased in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia

1998 • 331 citations

Hodgkin's Disease, Lymphomatoid Papulosis, and Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Derived from a Common T-Cell Clone

1992 • 326 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels are elevated in neurocognitively impaired individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1997 • 322 citations

Platelet-activating factor: a candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced neurotoxin

1994 • 317 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibits Glutamate Uptake by Primary Human Astrocytes

1996 • 317 citations

Chemokines and receptors in HIV encephalitis

1998 • 315 citations

Identification of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat epitope that is neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic

1996 • 310 citations

Plasma viral load and CD4 lymphocytes predict HIV-associated dementia and sensory neuropathy

1999 • 306 citations

Pathologic features of AIDS encephalopathy in children: Evidence for LAV/HTLV-III infection of brain

1986 • 300 citations

Prevalence of genotypic resistance to nucleoside analogues in antiretroviral-naive and antiretroviral-experienced HIV-infected patients in Spain

1998 • 299 citations

Macrophage tropism determinants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo

1992 • 292 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected macrophages produce soluble factors that cause histological and neurochemical alterations in cultured human brains.

1991 • 289 citations

Cortical Synaptic Density is Reduced in Mild to Moderate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurocognitive Disorder

1999 • 289 citations

In situ detection of polymerase chain reaction-amplified HIV-1 nucleic acids and tumor necrosis factor-alpha RNA in the central nervous system.

1994 • 283 citations

In vivo compartmentalization of human immunodeficiency virus: evidence from the examination of pol sequences from autopsy tissues

1997 • 283 citations

The Molecular Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

1991 • 278 citations

Blood‐brain barrier abnormalities in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Immunohistochemical localization of serum proteins in postmortem brain

1992 • 275 citations

A phase II trial of nerve growth factor for sensory neuropathy associated with HIV infection

2000 • 275 citations

Epidermal nerve fiber density and sural nerve morphometry in peripheral neuropathies

1999 • 266 citations

Viral Infections of the Nervous System.

1983 • 265 citations

Demented and nondemented patients with AIDS differ in brain-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope sequences

1994 • 259 citations

HIV-infected subjects with the E4 allele for APOE have excess dementia and peripheral neuropathy

1998 • 255 citations

AIDS dementia complex and HIV‐1 brain infection: Clinical‐virological correlations

1995 • 254 citations

Pathology of HIV-1 Infection of the Central Nervous System. A review

1992 • 244 citations

Neuronal apoptosis in HIV infection in adults

1995 • 244 citations

Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlate with AIDS Dementia Stage

1997 • 241 citations

Cerebral metabolite abnormalities correlate with clinical severity of HIV-1 cognitive motor complex

1999 • 238 citations

Neurological complications of HIV infection

1996 • 234 citations

Isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from the brain may constitute a special group of the AIDS virus.

1989 • 233 citations

Neurobiological aspects of human immunodeficiency virus infection:Neurotoxic mechanisms

1998 • 231 citations

Apoptosis induced by HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system.

1996 • 230 citations

Neuronal apoptosis does not correlate with dementia in HIV infection but is related to microglial activation and axonal damage

1999 • 230 citations

The envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 stimulates release of neurotoxins from monocytes.

1993 • 230 citations

Elevated central nervous system prostaglandins in human immunodeficiency virus—associated dementia

1994 • 226 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human brain capillary endothelial cells occurs via a CD4/galactosylceramide-independent mechanism.

1993 • 224 citations

Apoptotic neurons in brains from paediatric patients with HIV‐I encephalitis and progressive encephalopathy

1995 • 220 citations

The Tat Protein of HIV-1 Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production

1997 • 220 citations

Selective Neuronal Vulnerability in HIV Encephalitis

1992 • 216 citations

Neurologic Manifestations of HIV Infection

1994 • 213 citations

Morphology and distribution of HIV-1 gp41-positive microglia in subacute AIDS encephalitis

1990 • 212 citations

Neurocognitive Impairment Is an Independent Risk Factor for Death in HIV Infection

1997 • 208 citations

Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus, immune activation factors, and quinolinic acid in AIDS brains.

1993 • 205 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of MMP-2, 7, and 9 are elevated in association with human immunodeficiency virus dementia

1999 • 204 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA originates from both local CNS and systemic sources

2000 • 196 citations

Do chemokines mediate leukocyte recruitment in post-traumatic CNS inflammation?

1998 • 195 citations

Cortical dendritic pathology in human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis.

1992 • 194 citations

Highly active antiretroviral treatment in HIV infection

1998 • 190 citations

Positive and sustained effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1-associated neurocognitive impairment

1999 • 190 citations

Emerging cytopathic and antigenic simian immunodeficiency virus variants influence AIDS progression

1999 • 185 citations

Infection of brain microglial cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is CD4 dependent

1991 • 184 citations

Combination antiretroviral therapy improves psychomotor speed performance in HIV-seropositive homosexual men

1999 • 179 citations

Neuronal Death Induced by Brain-Derived Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Genes Differs between Demented and Nondemented AIDS Patients

1998 • 177 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Brain Biopsies of Patients with AIDS and Progressive Encephalopathy

1987 • 176 citations

Apoptosis Induced by Infection of Primary Brain Cultures with Diverse Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates: Evidence for a Role of the Envelope

1999 • 167 citations

Study of Receptor-Mediated Neurotoxins Released by HIV-1-Infected Mononuclear Phagocytes Found in Human Brain

1996 • 165 citations

Patterns of cerebral atrophy in HIV–1–infected individuals

1992 • 164 citations

HIV‐1 Tat‐Mediated Activation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3β Contributes to Tat‐Mediated Neurotoxicity

1999 • 163 citations

Identification of human immunodeficiency virus envelope gene sequences influencing viral entry into CD4-positive HeLa cells, T-leukemia cells, and macrophages

1991 • 160 citations

Increased Peroxynitrite Activity in AIDS Dementia Complex: Implications for the Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection

1999 • 158 citations

Memantine prevents HIV coat protein‐induced neuronal injury in vitro

1992 • 153 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Brain: Investigation of Virus Load and Neuropathologic Changes in Pre-AIDS Subjects

1993 • 153 citations

Excitotoxins in Neuronal Apoptosis and Necrosis

1999 • 146 citations

Correlation between neurological progression and astrocyte apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia

2001 • 146 citations

Characterization of Chemokine Receptor Utilization of Viruses in the Latent Reservoir for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2000 • 144 citations

Neurological outcomes in late HIV infection: adverse impact of neurological impairment on survival and protective effect of antiviral therapy

1999 • 142 citations

Pathogenesis of simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis: viral determinants of neurovirulence

1997 • 139 citations

In vitro evidence for a dual role of tumor necrosis factor‐α in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 encephalopathy

1995 • 138 citations

Parkinsonism with HIV infection

1998 • 135 citations

Lymphotropic Virions Affect Chemokine Receptor-Mediated Neural Signaling and Apoptosis: Implications for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia

1999 • 134 citations

Neurological Abnormalities Associated with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

1994 • 131 citations

The neuropathogenesis of the AIDS dementia complex.

1997 • 129 citations

Neuropsychological studies of asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type-1 infected individuals

1995 • 129 citations

Loss of A1 adenosine receptors in human temporal lobe epilepsy

1996 • 128 citations

HIV-1 Tat neurotoxicity is prevented by matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors

2001 • 127 citations

Infection of primary human microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates: evidence of differential tropism

1996 • 126 citations

Quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus in brains of demented and nondemented patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1996 • 120 citations

Cerebrospinal Fluid β Chemokine Concentrations in Neurocognitively Impaired Individuals Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

1999 • 118 citations

HIV Infection of Human Choroid Plexus

1995 • 115 citations

gp120 Induces Cell Death in Human Neuroblastoma Cells Through the CXCR4 and CCR5 Chemokine Receptors

2000 • 114 citations

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of deprenyl and thioctic acid in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cognitive impairment

1998 • 113 citations

HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS

1998 • 113 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its coat protein gp 120 induce apoptosis and activate JNK and ERK mitogen‐activated protein kinases in human neurons

1997 • 113 citations

Nature and incidence of peripheral nerve syndromes in HIV infection.

1993 • 111 citations

A phase I/II trial of nimodipine for HIV-related neurologic complications

1998 • 111 citations

Neurovirulent simian immunodeficiency virus replicates productively in endothelial cells of the central nervous system in vivo and in vitro

1994 • 110 citations

Investigation of the dynamics of the spread of human immunodeficiency virus to brain and other tissues by evolutionary analysis of sequences from the p17gag and env genes

1997 • 98 citations

Lentivirus Infection in the Brain Induces Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression: Role of Envelope Diversity

2000 • 97 citations

CCR5 Signal Transduction in Macrophages by Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelopes

2000 • 96 citations

HIV-1 gp120-induced neurotoxicity to midbrain dopamine cultures

1995 • 95 citations

HIV-1 Associated Dementia: Clinical Features and Pathogenesis

1995 • 94 citations

Cytokines and HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 stimulate Na+/H+ exchange in astrocytes.

1994 • 91 citations

HIV glycoprotein 120 enhances intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression in glial cells. Involvement of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription and protein kinase C signaling pathways.

1996 • 90 citations

Expression Directed from HIV Long Terminal Repeats in the Central Nervous System of Transgenic Mice

1992 • 89 citations

Mosaic Structure of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome Infecting Lymphoid Cells and the Brain: Evidence for Frequent In Vivo Recombination Events in the Evolution of Regional Populations

1999 • 88 citations

Increased frequency of the tumor necrosis factor‐α‐308 a allele in adults with human immunodeficiency virus dementia

2001 • 87 citations

Low levels of human immunodeficiency virus replication in the brain tissue of children with severe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome encephalopathy.

1992 • 86 citations

Neuronal density in the superior frontal and temporal gyri does not correlate with the degree of human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia

1994 • 85 citations

Neuronal injury due to HIV‐1 envelope protein is blocked by anti‐gp120 antibodies but not by anti‐CD4 antibodies

1990 • 83 citations

V3 Recombinants Indicate a Central Role for CCR5 as a Coreceptor in Tissue Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

1999 • 81 citations

HIV-1 Tat Molecular Diversity and Induction of TNF-α: Implications for HIV-Induced Neurological Disease

1998 • 80 citations

Randomized trial of the platelet-activating factor antagonist lexipafant in HIV–associated cognitive impairment

1999 • 80 citations

Viral infections of the nervous system

1998 • 80 citations

The role of the blood-brain barrier in HIV infection of the central nervous system

1994 • 79 citations

Increased Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptors in the Brains of Patients With AIDS

1995 • 79 citations

Neurodegeneration of Somatostatin-immunoreactive Neurons in HIV Encephalitis

1997 • 77 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus infection, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and microglial activation: Pathogenetic relationship to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex

1999 • 77 citations

Characterization of a novel binding site for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein gp120 on human fetal astrocytes

1994 • 76 citations

POLYGENIC AND MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASE GENE ASSOCIATION IN MAN: Lessons from AIDS

2000 • 76 citations

Varied Tropism of HIV-1 Isolates Derived from Different Regions of Adult Brain Cortex Discriminate between Patients with and without AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC): Evidence for Neurotropic HIV Variants

2001 • 75 citations

HIV-1 Infection of Human Brain-Derived Microvascular Endothelial Cells In Vitro

1995 • 74 citations

Sequence Analysis of the V3 Loop in Brain and Spleen of Patients with HIV Encephalitis

1996 • 73 citations

Toxicity of TNFα and platelet activating factor for human NT2N neurons: A tissue culture model for human immunodeficiency virus dementia

1996 • 70 citations

Neurovirulence in Feline Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Neonatal Cats Is Viral Strain Specific and Dependent on Systemic Immune Suppression

1998 • 68 citations

Distinct HIV-1 env Sequences Are Associated with Neurotropism and Neurovirulence

1995 • 66 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Dementia

2000 • 63 citations

Comparisons of HIV-1 viral sequences in brain, choroid plexus and spleen: Potential role of choroid plexus in the pathogenesis of HIV encephalitis

2000 • 61 citations

Viral infections of the nervous system, 2nd ed

1999 • 59 citations

Astrocyte apoptosis induced by HIV-1 transactivation of the c -kit protooncogene

1997 • 58 citations

Increased Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 DNA Content and Quinolinic Acid Concentration in Brain Tissues from Patients with HIV Encephalopathy

1995 • 55 citations

gp120, a human immunodeficiency virus-1 coat protein, augments excitotoxic hippocampal injury in perinatal rats

1997 • 53 citations

Neuropathology of Aids

1989 • 49 citations

The human immunodeficiency virus-1 envelope protein gp120 binds through its V3 sequence to the glycine site of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors mediating noradrenaline release in the hippocampus

1998 • 48 citations

Brain-derived HIV-1 tat sequences from AIDS patients with dementia show increased molecular heterogeneity

1998 • 48 citations

Overexpression of nerve growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in AIDS dementia complex

1999 • 47 citations

Retroviral diseases of the nervous system: pathogenic host response or viral gene-mediated neurovirulence?

2001 • 47 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) p24 antigen levels in HIV‐1–related dementia

1994 • 47 citations

Reduced Prevalence of the CCR5 Δ32 Heterozygous Genotype in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Individuals with AIDS Dementia Complex

1999 • 45 citations

NFKB activation, TNF-α expression, and apoptosis in the AIDS-Dementia-Complex

2000 • 44 citations

HIV-1 Infection of Primary Human Neuroblasts

1995 • 41 citations

AIDS dementia complex with generalized myoclonus

1997 • 37 citations

Virtues of being faithful: can we limit the genetic variation in human immunodeficiency virus?

1998 • 34 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA and RNA load in brains of demented and nondemented patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1997 • 33 citations

Neuropathies in HIV infection.

1996 • 31 citations

Kynurenine Pathway Enzymes in Brain

1996 • 29 citations

HIV-1 Infection Induces Differentiation of Immature Neural Cells through Autocrine Tumor Necrosis Factor and Nitric Oxide Production

1999 • 28 citations

Potential role of CCR5 polymorphism in the development of AIDS dementia complex

1999 • 27 citations

The global impact of HIV infection and disease.

1999 • 26 citations

Kynurenine pathway enzymes in brain. Properties of enzymes and regulation of quinolinic acid synthesis.

1996 • 25 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clade A and D Neurotropism: Molecular Evolution, Recombination, and Coreceptor Use

2001 • 24 citations

Biochemical Functions of a Pool of Arachidonic Acid Associated with Triglycerides in Human Inflammatory Cells

1995 • 22 citations

Immunological and infectious diseases of the peripheral nerves

1999 • 14 citations

PCR Detection of Host and HIV-1 Sequences from Archival Brain Tissue

2000 • 11 citations

Selection of drug-resistant HIV

1999 • 10 citations

HIV-1 and the Developing Human Nervous System: In vivo and in vitro Aspects

1994 • 10 citations

Nonallelism for the Audiogenic Seizure Prone (ASP1) and the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) Loci in Mice

1998 • 5 citations