The controversial abscopal effect

Tolerance, Danger, and the Extended Family

1994 • 4,654 citations

The Danger Model: A Renewed Sense of Self

2002 • 4,107 citations

Studies on Prostatic Cancer. I. The Effect of Castration, of Estrogen and of Androgen Injection on Serum Phosphatases in Metastatic Carcinoma of the Prostate

1941 • 3,235 citations

Immunol. Cell Biol.

1995 • 2,564 citations

Nephrectomy Followed by Interferon Alfa-2b Compared with Interferon Alfa-2b Alone for Metastatic Renal-Cell Cancer

2001 • 1,690 citations

ON THE TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE CASES OF CARCINOMA OF THE MAMMA: SUGGESTIONS FOR A NEW METHOD OF TREATMENT, WITH ILLUSTRATIVE CASES.

1896 • 1,633 citations

Consequences of Cell Death

2000 • 1,382 citations

Ionizing radiation inhibition of distant untreated tumors (abscopal effect) is immune mediated

2004 • 1,253 citations

ON THE TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE CASES OF CARCINOMA OF THE MAMMA: SUGGESTIONS FOR A NEW METHOD OF TREATMENT, WITH ILLUSTRATIVE CASES.1

1896 • 1,240 citations

Tumor Rejection After Direct Costimulation of CD8 ⁺ T Cells by B7-Transfected Melanoma Cells

1993 • 1,154 citations

Costimulation of antitumor immunity by the B7 counterreceptor for the T lymphocyte molecules CD28 and CTLA-4

1992 • 1,076 citations

Whole Body Irradiation—Radiobiology or Medicine?

1953 • 1,004 citations

Interleukin-2 production by tumor cells bypasses T helper function in the generation of an antitumor response

1990 • 926 citations

Acute-phase response of human hepatocytes: Regulation of acute-phase protein synthesis by interleukin-6

1990 • 742 citations

The use of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy

2003 • 641 citations

Unravelling natural killer cell function: triggering and inhibitory human NK receptors

2003 • 602 citations

WOODPECKERS' TONGUES

1976 • 553 citations

Targeted anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer: a review of the rationale and clinical evidence.

2003 • 516 citations

Interleukin-6 in the Injured Patient

1996 • 500 citations

What does it take to make a natural killer?

2003 • 481 citations

MHC class I antigens, immune surveillance, and tumor immune escape

2003 • 475 citations

Tumor-specific killer cells in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration

1998 • 449 citations

Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) functions as an in vitro autocrine growth factor in renal cell carcinomas

1989 • 420 citations

Evidence that stress and surgical interventions promote tumor development by suppressing natural killer cell activity

1999 • 414 citations

[Whole body irradiation].

1992 • 364 citations

Tumour necrosis factor α: a potential target for the therapy of solid tumours

2003 • 353 citations

Induction of acute phase gene expression by brain irradiation

1995 • 338 citations

Potential Prophylactic Measures Against Postoperative Immunosuppression: Could They Reduce Recurrence Rates in Oncological Patients?

2003 • 318 citations

Significant Detection of Circulating Cancer Cells in the Blood by Reverse Transcriptase–Polymerase Chain Reaction During Colorectal Cancer Resection

2000 • 312 citations

Workshop R: Tumor Immunology, Abstract R1 bis R30

2001 • 312 citations

Factors Associated With Response to High-Dose Interleukin-2 in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

2001 • 308 citations

Immature myeloid cells and cancer-associated immune suppression

2002 • 304 citations

Tumor Eradication by Adoptive Transfer of Cytototic T Lymphocytes

1992 • 281 citations

Role of organ-associated NK cells in decreased formation of experimental metastases in lung and liver.

1985 • 275 citations

Abscopal regression of hepatocellular carcinoma after radiotherapy for bone metastasis

1998 • 266 citations

Radiation abscopal antitumor effect is mediated through p53.

2003 • 243 citations

Role of interleukin-6 in the paraneoplastic inflammatory syndrome associated with renal-cell carcinoma

1997 • 241 citations

Prognostic risk assessment in primary breast cancer by behavioral and immunological parameters.

1985 • 235 citations

Celecoxib: A Specific COX-2 Inhibitor with Anticancer Properties

2002 • 226 citations

Haematogenous dissemination of prostatic epithelial cells during radical prostatectomy

1995 • 225 citations

Flt3-ligand administration after radiation therapy prolongs survival in a murine model of metastatic lung cancer.

1999 • 211 citations

Effect of phorbol ester and cytokines on matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase expression in tumor and normal cell lines.

1992 • 206 citations

Comparative analysis of necrotic and apoptotic tumor cells as a source of antigen(s) in dendritic cell-based immunization.

2001 • 202 citations

Immune Modulation by Ionizing Radiation and its Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy

2002 • 200 citations

Isolation and characterization of an immunosuppressive acidic protein from ascitic fluids of cancer patients.

1981 • 184 citations

The Prognostic Significance of Natural Killer Cytotoxicity in Patients With Colorectal Cancer

1987 • 182 citations

Prognostic risk assessment in primary breast cancer by behavioral and immunological parameters.

1985 • 181 citations

Radiation-induced normal tissue injury: Role of adhesion molecules in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions

1999 • 166 citations

Partial volume rat lung irradiation: An evaluation of early DNA damage

1998 • 164 citations

An interesting case of possible abscopal effect in malignant melanoma

1975 • 161 citations

Tumor-specific up-regulation of the nonclassical class I HLA-G antigen expression in renal carcinoma.

2001 • 160 citations

The radiation abscopal anti-tumor effect is mediated through p53

2002 • 151 citations

Functional role of human leukocyte antigen-G up-regulation in renal cell carcinoma.

2003 • 140 citations

The Abscopal Effect in Malignant Lymphoma and Its Relationship to Lymphocyte Circulation

1969 • 137 citations

Intratumoral delivery of dendritic cells engineered to secrete both interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 effectively treats local and distant disease in association with broadly reactive Tc1-type immunity.

2003 • 135 citations

Enhanced Expression of Interleukin-6 in Primary Human Renal Cell Carcinomas

1991 • 133 citations

Cyclooxygenase-2 is up-regulated by interleukin-1 beta in human colorectal cancer cells via multiple signaling pathways.

2003 • 132 citations

Suppression of angiogenesis, tumorigenicity, and metastasis by human prostate cancer cells engineered to produce interferon-beta.

1999 • 132 citations

Combination of ?-irradiation and dendritic cell administration induces a potent antitumor response in tumor-bearing mice: Approach to treatment of advanced stage cancer

2001 • 131 citations

Molecular mechanisms of ionizing radiation‐induced apoptosis

1999 • 130 citations

Tumor Cell Adhesion to Endothelial Cells: Endothelial Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule-1 as an Inducible Adhesive Receptor Specific for Colon Carcinoma Cells

1991 • 129 citations

Sensitization of human renal cell carcinoma cells to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) by anti-interleukin 6 monoclonal antibody or anti-interleukin 6 receptor monoclonal antibody.

1995 • 127 citations

Regulation of COX-2 expression in human intestinal myofibroblasts: mechanisms of IL-1-mediated induction

2002 • 125 citations

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 parallels expression of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and NF-kappaB in human colorectal cancer

2003 • 125 citations

Evidence for the role of natural immunity in the control of metastatic spread of head and neck cancer

1987 • 123 citations

The effect of laparotomy and laparoscopy on the establishment of spontaneous tumor metastases

1998 • 113 citations

Coley toxins immunotherapy: a retrospective review.

1999 • 112 citations

Perioperative Immunosuppression in Cancer Patients

2003 • 112 citations

Effect of different components of laser immunotherapy in treatment of metastatic tumors in rats.

2002 • 111 citations

Abscopal effect of radiation in papillary adenocarcinoma

1973 • 110 citations

Spontaneous regression: a hidden treasure buried in time

2002 • 104 citations

Medical adrenalectomy using aminoglutethimide and dexamethasone in advanced breast cancer

1974 • 102 citations

Preoperative Elevation of Serum C-Reactive Protein Is Related to Impaired Immunity in Patients With Colorectal Cancer

2000 • 99 citations

The Immunologic Consequences of Laparoscopy in Oncology

2001 • 96 citations

Spontaneous Regression of Pulmonary Metastases From Renal Cell Carcinoma After Radio Frequency Ablation of Primary Tumor: In Situ Tumor Vaccine?

2003 • 96 citations

Abscopal regression following radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma

1983 • 95 citations

Prognostic value of prostate-specific antigen for women with breast cancer: a large United States cohort study.

1998 • 91 citations

NF-κB activation and interleukin 6 production in fibroblasts by estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cell-derived interleukin 1α

1998 • 91 citations

High Serum Levels of Soluble IL-2 Receptor, Cytokines, and C Reactive Protein Correlate with Impairment of T Cell Response in Patients with Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

1998 • 91 citations

STAT3, but not ERKs, mediates the IL-6–induced proliferation of renal cancer cells, ACHN and 769P

2002 • 90 citations

Interleukin 1 alpha acts as an autocrine growth stimulator for human gastric carcinoma cells.

1993 • 85 citations

Lymphangiographic demonstration of the abscopal effect in patients with malignant lymphomas

1977 • 81 citations

Effects of interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, and neutralizing antibody on proinflammatory cytokine expression by human squamous cell carcinoma lines.

1998 • 79 citations

Processing and presentation of antigens by dendritic cells: implications for vaccines

2001 • 76 citations

Enhanced Therapeutic Effect of HSV-tk+GCV Gene Therapy and Ionizing Radiation for Prostate Cancer

2001 • 75 citations

Regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma following nephrectomy

1972 • 74 citations

Interleukin-1α Promotes Tumor Growth and Cachexia in MCF-7 Xenograft Model of Breast Cancer

2003 • 73 citations

Ueber Carcinoma mammae

1886 • 69 citations

The Molecular Biology of Interleukin 6 and its Receptor

2007 • 68 citations

Radiation-enhanced expression of E6/E7 transforming oncogenes of human papillomavirus-16 in human cervical carcinoma

1998 • 67 citations

Irradiation of a primary tumor, unlike surgical removal, enhances angiogenesis suppression at a distal site: potential role of host-tumor interaction.

2000 • 66 citations

Autologous tumor killing activity as a prognostic factor in primary resected nonsmall cell carcinoma of the lung

1997 • 66 citations

Hyperthermia in Humans Enhances Interferon-γ Synthesis and Alters the Peripheral Lymphocyte Population

1988 • 65 citations

NK cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response to human prostate cancer cell, PC-3: immunogene therapy using a highly secretable form of interleukin-15 gene transfer

2001 • 65 citations

Effect of radiation on the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells

1991 • 64 citations

An HSVtk-mediated local and distant antitumor bystander effect in tumors of head and neck origin in athymic mice.

1997 • 63 citations

Significant Antitumor Effects Obtained by Autologous Tumor Cell Vaccine Engineered to Secrete Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 by Means of the EBV/Lipoplex

2002 • 63 citations

Effect of Canarypox Virus (ALVAC)-Mediated Cytokine Expression on Murine Prostate Tumor Growth

1997 • 63 citations

Gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term remission of primary and metastatic tumors in mice by interleukin-2 gene therapy in vivo.

1996 • 63 citations

Significant correlation between expression of interleukin-1? and liver metastasis in gastric carcinoma

2001 • 62 citations

Human ovarian epithelial cancer cells cultures in vitro express both interleukin 1 alpha and beta genes.

1992 • 60 citations

Cytokines in human breast cancer: IL-1alpha and IL-1beta expression.

1999 • 59 citations

Interleukin 1-Dependent and -Independent Mouse Melanoma Metastases

1997 • 59 citations

Abscopal regression in lymphoma: A mechanism in common with total body irradiation?

1981 • 58 citations

Murine Tumor Cells Metastasizing Selectively in the Liver: Ability to Produce Hepatocyte‐activating Cytokines Interleukin‐1 and/or ‐6

1991 • 57 citations

Local Tumor Irradiation Augments the Response to IL-2 Therapy in a Murine Renal Adenocarcinoma

1995 • 56 citations

Preoperative natural killer cell activity: correlation with distant metastases in curatively research colorectal carcinomas.

1997 • 54 citations

E‐selectin expression induced by pancreas‐carcinoma‐derived interleukin‐1α results in enhanced adhesion of pancreas‐carcinoma cells to endothelial cells

1995 • 54 citations

Induced antitumor immunity against DMBA‐4 metastatic mammary tumors in rats using laser immunotherapy

2003 • 52 citations

Predictive values of acute phase reactants, basic fetoprotein, and immunosuppressive acidic protein for staging and survival in renal cell carcinoma

2001 • 50 citations

Detrimental Immunologic Effects of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Advanced Rectal Cancer

2003 • 50 citations

The expression of thymidine phosphorylase and thrombomodulin in human colorectal carcinomas

1995 • 49 citations

Laparoscopic-assisted cecectomy is associated with decreased formation of postoperative pulmonary metastases compared with open cecectomy in a murine model

2003 • 48 citations

Evaluation of immune response in patients after open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

2001 • 47 citations

Interleukin‐1β induces cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 expression in gastric cancer cells by the p38 and p44/42 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways

2001 • 46 citations

Immune-dependent distant bystander effect after adenovirus-mediated suicide gene transfer in a rat model of liver colorectal metastasis

2001 • 46 citations

The abscopal effect and chronic lymphocytic leukemia

1995 • 46 citations

IL-1α-induced COX-2 expression in human intestinal myofibroblasts is dependent on a PKCζ-ROS pathway1 1The authors thank L. Vergara, M. Cooper, and J. Vertrees of the Optical Imaging Laboratory at the University of Texas Medical Branch for their help in performing the confocal and ROS experiments. The authors also thank Allan Brasier and Lee Jamieson for their advice and assistance in preparing this manuscript and Alan Fields for antibodies and reagents.

2003 • 43 citations

The price of anticancer intervention. Does surgery promote metastasis?

2002 • 42 citations

The relative roles of vitronectin receptor, E-selectin and α4β1 in cancer cell adhesion to interleukin-1-treated endothelial cells

1994 • 42 citations

Natural killer cells and metastases from pharyngeal carcinoma

1989 • 42 citations

Modulation of the plasminogen activation system by inflammatory cytokines in human colon carcinoma cells

1996 • 41 citations

SERUM IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE ACIDIC PROTEIN AND NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA BEFORE AND AFTER NEPHRECTOMY

2000 • 34 citations

Effects of X-RAY Irradiation on Natural Killer (NK) Cell System. L Elevation of Sensitivity of Tumor Cells and Lytic Function of NK Cells

1989 • 33 citations

Natural killer activity and serum immunosuppressive acidic protein levels in esophageal and gastric cancers

1993 • 33 citations

Indomethacin attenuates the immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting effects of surgery

2002 • 32 citations

Immunosuppressive substance in the sera of head and neck cancer patients

1988 • 32 citations

Possible Mechanism for Seeding of Tumor During Radical Prostatectomy

1993 • 32 citations

Anti-tumor effects of local irradiation in combination with peritumoral administration of low doses of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2)

1997 • 27 citations

AV.TK-mediated killing of subcutaneous tumors in situ results in effective immunization against established secondary intracranial tumor deposits

2001 • 27 citations

A role for NK cells in greater susceptibility of young rats to metastatic formation

1999 • 26 citations

Phase II trial of sequential radiation and interleukin 2 in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

1998 • 26 citations

Radiation-Induced Effects on Murine Kidney Tumor Cells: Role in the Interaction of Local Irradiation and Immunotherapy

1995 • 25 citations

Tumor irradiation followed by intratumoral cytokine gene therapy for murine renal adenocarcinoma

2003 • 25 citations

Complete tumor prevention by engineered tumor cell vaccines employing nonviral vectors

2003 • 23 citations

Colony-stimulating factor-producing tumours: Production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 is secondary to interleukin-1 production

1994 • 22 citations

The price of anticancer intervention

2002 • 21 citations

[Therapeutic efficacy of pre-operative radiotherapy on breast carcinoma: in special reference to its abscopal effect on metastatic lymph-nodes].

1990 • 21 citations

Lymphoid irradiation results in long-term increases in natural killer cells in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease

1992 • 20 citations

Effects of local hyperthermia on natural killer activity in mice

1990 • 18 citations

Effects of Retinoic Acid Combined with Irradiation on the Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules and Adhesion/Costimulation Molecules ICAM-1 in Human Cervical Cancer

1998 • 18 citations

Importance, mechanisms and limitations of the distant bystander effect in cancer gene therapy of experimental liver tumors

2002 • 17 citations

Effect of radiotherapy on serum level of interleukin 6 in patients with cervical carcinoma.

1996 • 17 citations

Recovery and abscopal effects after inhibitory x‐irradiation in earthworm regeneration

1972 • 16 citations

Enhanced normal tissue response to radiation in a patient with discoid lupus erythematosus

1992 • 16 citations

Subcutaneous or intrahepatic injection of suicide gene modified tumour cells induces a systemic antitumour response in a metastatic model of colon carcinoma in rats

2002 • 16 citations

Antitumoral vaccination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-12-expressing DHD/K12 colon adenocarcinoma cells

2000 • 15 citations

Impaired NK Response of Cancer Patients to IFN‐α but Not to IL‐2: Correlation with Serum Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein (IAP) and Role of Suppressor Macrophage

1992 • 14 citations

Serum Immunosuppressive Acidic Protein as an Interleukin-6 Related Index of Deteriorating Condition in Gastric Cancer Patients

2003 • 13 citations

Abscopal Radiation Damage to Chick Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius

1971 • 10 citations

Prognostic value of preoperative serum immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

2003 • 10 citations

Antitumor effect of secreted Flt3-ligand can act at distant tumor sites in a murine model of head and neck cancer

2003 • 10 citations

Abscopal and Direct Effects on Calcium Mobilization, Alkaline Phosphatase Levels, and Dentin Formation following X-Irradiation of either the Rat Incisor or the Thyroid-Parathyroid Region

1966 • 9 citations

Unexpected consequence of splenectomy in composite lymphoma. The abscopal effect.

2000 • 9 citations

Antitumor effects of local hyperthermia on a mouse fibrosarcoma.

1993 • 9 citations

Abscopal Delay of Embryonic Development after Prefertilization X-Irradiation

1973 • 7 citations

[Effect of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) on the activity of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (pyNPase) in normal and tumor tissues of human stomach].

1995 • 5 citations

Prognostic value of preoperative immunosuppressive acidic protein levels in patients with gastric carcinoma.

2003 • 3 citations

Archives d'Électricité Médicale

1906 • 2 citations