Mechanisms of T-cell inhibition: implications for cancer immunotherapy

Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3

2003 • 7,902 citations

Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival

2004 • 4,872 citations

Engagement of the Pd-1 Immunoinhibitory Receptor by a Novel B7 Family Member Leads to Negative Regulation of Lymphocyte Activation

2000 • 4,853 citations

Conversion of Peripheral CD4+CD25− Naive T Cells to CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells by TGF-β Induction of Transcription Factor Foxp3

2003 • 4,529 citations

A CD4+T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis

1997 • 3,625 citations

Enhancement of Antitumor Immunity by CTLA-4 Blockade

1996 • 3,585 citations

A Gene Encoding an Antigen Recognized by Cytolytic T Lymphocytes on a Human Melanoma

1991 • 3,493 citations

N<scp>aturally</scp>A<scp>rising</scp>CD4⁺R<scp>egulatory</scp>T C<scp>ells for</scp>I<scp>mmunologic</scp>S<scp>elf</scp>-T<scp>olerance and</scp>N<scp>egative</scp>C<scp>ontrol of</scp>I<scp>mmune</scp>R<scp>esponses</scp>

2003 • 3,323 citations

Intratumoral T Cells, Recurrence, and Survival in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

2003 • 3,194 citations

Induced expression of PD-1, a novel member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, upon programmed cell death.

1992 • 2,906 citations

Involvement of PD-L1 on tumor cells in the escape from host immune system and tumor immunotherapy by PD-L1 blockade

2002 • 2,879 citations

Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4

1995 • 2,842 citations

PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation

2001 • 2,746 citations

CTLA-4 Control over Foxp3 ⁺ Regulatory T Cell Function

2008 • 2,656 citations

Development of Lupus-like Autoimmune Diseases by Disruption of the PD-1 Gene Encoding an ITIM Motif-Carrying Immunoreceptor

1999 • 2,574 citations

The tumor microenvironment and its role in promoting tumor growth

2008 • 2,152 citations

CTLA-4 can function as a negative regulator of T cell activation

1994 • 2,107 citations

CD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulation.

1995 • 2,090 citations

Effector Memory T Cells, Early Metastasis, and Survival in Colorectal Cancer

2005 • 1,985 citations

CD4+CD25high Regulatory Cells in Human Peripheral Blood

2001 • 1,882 citations

Autoimmune Dilated Cardiomyopathy in PD-1 Receptor-Deficient Mice

2001 • 1,761 citations

CTLA-4 and PD-1 Receptors Inhibit T-Cell Activation by Distinct Mechanisms

2005 • 1,746 citations

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Linking Inflammation and Cancer

2009 • 1,676 citations

CTLA-4 is a second receptor for the B cell activation antigen B7.

1991 • 1,662 citations

Programmed Death-1 Ligand 1 Interacts Specifically with the B7-1 Costimulatory Molecule to Inhibit T Cell Responses

2007 • 1,603 citations

Induction of Interleukin 10–Producing, Nonproliferating Cd4+ T Cells with Regulatory Properties by Repetitive Stimulation with Allogeneic Immature Human Dendritic Cells

2000 • 1,577 citations

CD28-mediated signalling co-stimulates murine T cells and prevents induction of anergy in T-cell clones

1992 • 1,573 citations

Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma

2003 • 1,564 citations

Clonal Expansion Versus Functional Clonal Inactivation: A Costimulatory Signalling Pathway Determines the Outcome of T Cell Antigen Receptor Occupancy

1989 • 1,512 citations

Induction of Tumor Immunity by Removing CD25+CD4+ T Cells: A Common Basis Between Tumor Immunity and Autoimmunity

1999 • 1,475 citations

T Cell Anergy

2003 • 1,418 citations

Gr-1+CD115+ Immature Myeloid Suppressor Cells Mediate the Development of Tumor-Induced T Regulatory Cells and T-Cell Anergy in Tumor-Bearing Host

2006 • 1,366 citations

Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺T lymphocytes are prognostic factors of human ovarian cancer

2007 • 1,317 citations

Differential T Cell Costimulatory Requirements in CD28-Deficient Mice

1993 • 1,271 citations

Model Predicting Survival in Stage I Melanoma Based on Tumor Progression

1989 • 1,235 citations

A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily—CTLA-4

1987 • 1,214 citations

CD8+ T cells infiltrated within cancer cell nests as a prognostic factor in human colorectal cancer.

1998 • 1,175 citations

Interleukin‐10‐secreting type 1 regulatory T cells in rodents and humans

2006 • 1,156 citations

FOXP3 Controls Regulatory T Cell Function through Cooperation with NFAT

2006 • 1,135 citations

Binding of the B cell activation antigen B7 to CD28 costimulates T cell proliferation and interleukin 2 mRNA accumulation.

1991 • 1,132 citations

SHP-1 and SHP-2 Associate with Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Switch Motif of Programmed Death 1 upon Primary Human T Cell Stimulation, but Only Receptor Ligation Prevents T Cell Activation

2004 • 1,128 citations

Quantification of Regulatory T Cells Enables the Identification of High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients and Those at Risk of Late Relapse

2006 • 1,118 citations

Prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the vertical growth phase of primary cutaneous melanoma

1996 • 1,110 citations

Altered recognition of antigen is a mechanism of CD8+ T cell tolerance in cancer

2007 • 1,079 citations

Tumor rejection by in vivo administration of anti-CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor alpha) monoclonal antibody.

1999 • 1,066 citations

Intratumoral Balance of Regulatory and Cytotoxic T Cells Is Associated With Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Resection

2007 • 1,060 citations

Synergism of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–Associated Antigen 4 Blockade and Depletion of Cd25+ Regulatory T Cells in Antitumor Therapy Reveals Alternative Pathways for Suppression of Autoreactive Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses

2001 • 1,033 citations

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tumor-induced tolerance

2007 • 1,006 citations

Combination Immunotherapy of B16 Melanoma Using Anti–Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–Associated Antigen 4 (Ctla-4) and Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (Gm-Csf)-Producing Vaccines Induces Rejection of Subcutaneous and Metastatic Tumors Accompanied by Autoimmune Depigmentation

1999 • 1,000 citations

Enhancement of vaccine-mediated antitumor immunity in cancer patients after depletion of regulatory T cells

2005 • 998 citations

Biologic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 antibody blockade in previously vaccinated metastatic melanoma and ovarian carcinoma patients

2003 • 981 citations

Regulatory T Cells Selectively Express Toll-like Receptors and Are Activated by Lipopolysaccharide

2003 • 976 citations

Blockade of B7-H1 and PD-1 by Monoclonal Antibodies Potentiates Cancer Therapeutic Immunity

2005 • 972 citations

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibits the Development of Dendritic Cells and Dramatically Affects the Differentiation of Multiple Hematopoietic Lineages In Vivo

1998 • 933 citations

Tumor-Infiltrating FOXP3⁺ T Regulatory Cells Show Strong Prognostic Significance in Colorectal Cancer

2008 • 926 citations

CTLA-4 engagement inhibits IL-2 accumulation and cell cycle progression upon activation of resting T cells.

1996 • 917 citations

B70 antigen is a second ligand for CTLA-4 and CD28

1993 • 907 citations

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor–β–dependent manner

2005 • 889 citations

Inhibition of CD4+25+ T regulatory cell function implicated in enhanced immune response by low-dose cyclophosphamide

2005 • 878 citations

Induction and mechanism of action of transforming growth factor‐β‐secreting Th3 regulatory cells

2001 • 856 citations

Cancer Immunosurveillance and Immunoediting: The Roles of Immunity in Suppressing Tumor Development and Shaping Tumor Immunogenicity

2006 • 829 citations

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibits the Development of Dendritic Cells and Dramatically Affects the Differentiation of Multiple Hematopoietic Lineages In Vivo

1998 • 828 citations

Antigen-Specific Inhibition of CD8+ T Cell Response by Immature Myeloid Cells in Cancer Is Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species

2004 • 825 citations

CD28 and CTLA‐4 coreceptor expression and signal transduction

2009 • 824 citations

Arginase-Producing Myeloid Suppressor Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Mechanism of Tumor Evasion

2005 • 811 citations

Cross-Talk between Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Macrophages Subverts Tumor Immunity toward a Type 2 Response

2007 • 795 citations

Immune-mediated eradication of tumors through the blockade of transforming growth factor-β signaling in T cells

2001 • 759 citations

PD-L1/B7H-1 Inhibits the Effector Phase of Tumor Rejection by T Cell Receptor (TCR) Transgenic CD8+ T Cells

2004 • 748 citations

Costimulatory B7-H1 in renal cell carcinoma patients: Indicator of tumor aggressiveness and potential therapeutic target

2004 • 742 citations

In Vivo Instruction of Suppressor Commitment in Naive T Cells

2004 • 726 citations

Mechanism Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor-Induced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

2009 • 706 citations

Molecular Basis of T Cell Inactivation by CTLA-4

1998 • 678 citations

Ipilimumab (Anti-CTLA4 Antibody) Causes Regression of Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Associated With Enteritis and Hypophysitis

2007 • 673 citations

Foxp3 controls regulatory T-cell function by interacting with AML1/Runx1

2007 • 661 citations

Phase I Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of CT-011, a Humanized Antibody Interacting with PD-1, in Patients with Advanced Hematologic Malignancies

2008 • 653 citations

PD-1:PD-L inhibitory pathway affects both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and is overcome by IL-2

2002 • 646 citations

Autoantibodies against cardiac troponin I are responsible for dilated cardiomyopathy in PD-1-deficient mice

2003 • 644 citations

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Promote Cross-Tolerance in B-Cell Lymphoma by Expanding Regulatory T Cells

2008 • 640 citations

Identification of a New Subset of Myeloid Suppressor Cells in Peripheral Blood of Melanoma Patients With Modulation by a Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulation Factor–Based Antitumor Vaccine

2007 • 636 citations

Proliferative activity of intratumoral CD8(+) T-lymphocytes as a prognostic factor in human renal cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic demonstration of antitumor immunity.

2001 • 625 citations

IFN-α and IL-10 Induce the Differentiation of Human Type 1 T Regulatory Cells

2001 • 610 citations

Antitumor Activity in Melanoma and Anti-Self Responses in a Phase I Trial With the Anti-Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–Associated Antigen 4 Monoclonal Antibody CP-675,206

2005 • 584 citations

Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Immunotherapy

2006 • 558 citations

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Human Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 4

1996 • 547 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β Production and Myeloid Cells Are an Effector Mechanism through Which CD1d-restricted T Cells Block Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–mediated Tumor Immunosurveillance

2003 • 539 citations

All-trans-Retinoic Acid Improves Differentiation of Myeloid Cells and Immune Response in Cancer Patients

2006 • 529 citations

Identification of a CD11b+/Gr-1+/CD31+ myeloid progenitor capable of activating or suppressing CD8+T cells

2000 • 516 citations

IL-4-Induced Arginase 1 Suppresses Alloreactive T Cells in Tumor-Bearing Mice

2003 • 499 citations

CTLA-4 blockade increases IFNγ-producing CD4 ⁺ ICOS ^hi cells to shift the ratio of effector to regulatory T cells in cancer patients

2008 • 498 citations

A MOLECULAR PERSPECTIVE OF CTLA-4 FUNCTION

2005 • 497 citations

Prognostic significance of activated CD8(+) T cell infiltrations within esophageal carcinomas.

2001 • 496 citations

CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are predictive of survival in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma

2007 • 494 citations

The Expression of the Regulatory T Cell–Specific Forkhead Box Transcription Factor FoxP3 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer

2005 • 494 citations

Tumor Progression Can Occur despite the Induction of Very High Levels of Self/Tumor Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Patients with Melanoma

2005 • 462 citations

All-trans-retinoic acid eliminates immature myeloid cells from tumor-bearing mice and improves the effect of vaccination.

2003 • 457 citations

Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel enhance the antitumor immune response of granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor-secreting whole-cell vaccines in HER-2/neu tolerized mice.

2001 • 454 citations

Antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by improving endogenous dendritic cell function.

1999 • 452 citations

Phase I/II Study of Ipilimumab for Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

2008 • 446 citations

Autoimmunity in a Phase I Trial of a Fully Human Anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Monoclonal Antibody With Multiple Melanoma Peptides and Montanide ISA 51 for Patients With Resected Stages III and IV Melanoma

2004 • 432 citations

A Unique Subset of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T Cells Secreting Interleukin-10 and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Mediates Suppression in the Tumor Microenvironment

2007 • 429 citations

Combination immunotherapy of primary prostate cancer in a transgenic mouse model using CTLA-4 blockade.

2000 • 421 citations

FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells Affect the Development and Progression of Hepatocarcinogenesis

2007 • 412 citations

PD‐L1 (B7‐H1) expression by urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and BCG‐induced granulomata

2007 • 407 citations

Lymphoproliferation in CTLA-4–Deficient Mice Is Mediated by Costimulation-Dependent Activation of CD4 + T Cells

1997 • 405 citations

A Pilot Trial of CTLA-4 Blockade with Human Anti-CTLA-4 in Patients with Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer

2007 • 397 citations

Manipulation of T cell costimulatory and inhibitory signals for immunotherapy of prostate cancer

1997 • 383 citations

Lymphopenia and interleukin-2 therapy alter homeostasis of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

2005 • 378 citations

CTLA-4 blockade synergizes with tumor-derived granulocyte– macrophage colony-stimulating factor for treatment of an experimental mammary carcinoma

1998 • 375 citations

Duration of TCR Stimulation Determines Costimulatory Requirement of T Cells

1996 • 372 citations

Gr-1+ Myeloid Cells Derived from Tumor-Bearing Mice Inhibit Primary T Cell Activation Induced Through CD3/CD28 Costimulation

2000 • 361 citations

618: Costimulatory B7-H1 In Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: Indicator of Tumor Aggressiveness and Potential Therapeutic Target

2005 • 358 citations

PD-L1 is induced in hepatocytes by viral infection and by interferon-α and -γ and mediates T cell apoptosis

2006 • 357 citations

Creating immune privilege: active local suppression that benefits friends, but protects foes

2007 • 328 citations

Regulatory T-cell compartmentalization and trafficking

2006 • 323 citations

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in lymph node melanoma metastases: a histopathologic prognostic indicator and an expression of local immune response.

1996 • 319 citations

Tumor-Associated CD8+ T Cell Tolerance Induced by Bone Marrow-Derived Immature Myeloid Cells

2005 • 302 citations

Human Ig superfamily CTLA‐4 gene: chromosomal localization and identity of protein sequence between murine and human CTLA‐4 cytoplasmic domains

1988 • 296 citations

Inability of a Fusion Protein of IL-2 and Diphtheria Toxin (Denileukin Diftitox, DAB389IL-2, ONTAK) to Eliminate Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Patients With Melanoma

2005 • 293 citations

Depletion of CD25+ regulatory cells uncovers immune responses to shared murine tumor rejection antigens

2002 • 289 citations

Inhibition of myeloid cell differentiation in cancer: the role of reactive oxygen species

2003 • 289 citations

CTLA-4 Blockade Reverses CD8+ T Cell Tolerance to Tumor by a CD4+ T Cell– and IL-2-Dependent Mechanism

1999 • 287 citations

Nitroaspirin corrects immune dysfunction in tumor-bearing hosts and promotes tumor eradication by cancer vaccination

2005 • 282 citations

Amplification of tumor-specific regulatory T cells following therapeutic cancer vaccines

2005 • 275 citations

Costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors in anti‐tumor immunity

2009 • 269 citations

Intrapatient Dose Escalation of Anti–CTLA-4 Antibody in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

2006 • 261 citations

Histological grade, perineural infiltration, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and apoptosis as determinants of long-term prognosis in prostatic adenocarcinoma

1994 • 257 citations

Tumor-Induced Expansion of Regulatory T Cells by Conversion of CD4+CD25− Lymphocytes Is Thymus and Proliferation Independent

2006 • 252 citations

Migration matters: regulatory T-cell compartmentalization determines suppressive activity in vivo

2005 • 250 citations

Tumor-Induced Immune Dysfunctions Caused by Myeloid Suppressor Cells

2001 • 245 citations

Regulatory T Cells in Ovarian Cancer: Biology and Therapeutic Potential

2005 • 239 citations

Covalent Dimerization of CD28/CTLA-4 and Oligomerization of CD80/CD86 Regulate T Cell Costimulatory Interactions

1996 • 228 citations

Tumor-derived CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell suppression of dendritic cell function involves TGF-β and IL-10

2006 • 223 citations

Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I, MHC Class I Chain-Related Molecule A, and CD8+/Regulatory T-Cell Ratio: Which Variable Determines Survival of Cervical Cancer Patients?

2008 • 220 citations

Cell intrinsic mechanisms of T‐cell inhibition and application to cancer therapy

2008 • 219 citations

Depletion of CD25+ regulatory cells results in suppression of melanoma growth and induction of autoreactivity in mice.

2002 • 214 citations

Natural Regulatory T Cells and De Novo-Induced Regulatory T Cells Contribute Independently to Tumor-Specific Tolerance

2007 • 213 citations

Limited tumor infiltration by activated T effector cells restricts the therapeutic activity of regulatory T cell depletion against established melanoma

2008 • 206 citations

Study of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and transforming growth factor-β as prognostic factors in breast carcinoma

1997 • 182 citations

The heterogeneity of the kinetics of response to ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma: patient cases.

2008 • 166 citations

Tumor Gangliosides Inhibit the Tumor-Specific Immune Response

1999 • 164 citations

Phase III, open-label, randomized, comparative study of tremelimumab (CP-675,206) and chemotherapy (temozolomide [TMZ] or dacarbazine [DTIC]) in patients with advanced melanoma

2008 • 159 citations

In vivoblockade of CTLA-4 enhances the priming of responsive T cells but fails to prevent the induction of tumor antigen-specific tolerance

1999 • 157 citations

Regulation of Cell Surface Expression of CTLA-4 by Secretion of CTLA-4-Containing Lysosomes Upon Activation of CD4+ T Cells

2000 • 146 citations

Protection against a nonimmunogenic mouse leukemia by an immunogenic variant obtained by mutagenesis.

1982 • 143 citations

Definition of target antigens for naturally occurring CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells

2005 • 131 citations

HLA class I antigen loss, tumor immune escape and immune selection

2002 • 127 citations

Tumor specific cytolysis by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer

1994 • 109 citations

Oral Tolerance and TGF-&amp;#946; -Producing Cells

2006 • 107 citations

CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Depletion Augments Immunotherapy of Micrometastases by an IL-21-Secreting Cellular Vaccine

2006 • 105 citations

Lung cancer patients’ CD4+ T cells are activated in vitro by MHC II cell-based vaccines despite the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells

2008 • 101 citations

CTLA4 ligation attenuates AP-1, NFAT and NF-κB activity in activated T cells

1999 • 100 citations

Prostate-Specific Antigen Kinetics as a Measure of the Biologic Effect of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients With Serologic Progression of Prostate Cancer

2002 • 97 citations

Reversal of Tumor-Mediated Immunosuppression

2007 • 92 citations

CTLA-4 regulates the requirement for cytokine-induced signals in TH2 lineage commitment

2003 • 90 citations

CTLA-4 Ligation Suppresses CD28-induced NF-κB and AP-1 Activity in Mouse T Cell Blasts

1999 • 78 citations

T cell co-stimulation and in vivo tolerance

1993 • 77 citations

NY-ESO-1 DNA Vaccine Induces T-Cell Responses That Are Suppressed by Regulatory T Cells

2009 • 75 citations

Peripherally Induced Treg: Mode, Stability, and Role in Specific Tolerance

2008 • 72 citations

Targeting Immunosupportive Cancer Therapies: Accentuate the Positive, Eliminate the Negative

2007 • 72 citations

Randomized phase II study comparing 4 monthly doses of ipilimumab (MDX-010) as a single agent or in combination with a single dose of docetaxel in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer

2006 • 67 citations

Regulatory T-cell development: is Foxp3 the decider?

2007 • 58 citations

Secretion of interleukin-10 from murine colon carcinoma cells suppresses systemic antitumor immunity and impairs protective immunity induced against the tumors

2002 • 56 citations

Use of IL‐2 receptor antagonists to reduce delayed graft function following renal transplantation: a review

2005 • 47 citations

Safety and activity of MDX-1106 (ONO-4538), an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, in patients with selected refractory or relapsed malignancies

2008 • 44 citations

Therapeutic vaccines in cancer: moving from immunomonitoring to immunoguiding

2008 • 40 citations

Generation of primary tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from autologous and human lymphocyte antigen class I-matched allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes by B7 gene-modified melanoma cells.

1997 • 39 citations

Results of a phase II clinical trial of 2 doses and schedules of CP-675,206, an anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibody, in patients (pts) with advanced melanoma

2007 • 39 citations

The efficacy and safety of ipilimumab (MDX-010) in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV malignant melanoma

2007 • 36 citations

Src Kinases Fyn and Lck Facilitate the Accumulation of Phosphorylated CTLA-4 and Its Association with PI-3 Kinase in Intracellular Compartments of T-Cells

2001 • 36 citations

CTLA-4 engagement regulates NF-κB activation in vivo

2002 • 26 citations

Phase II experience with MDX-1106 (Ono-4538), an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, in patients with selected refractory or relapsed malignancies

2009 • 23 citations

Phase 3 study of immunotherapy to treat advanced prostate cancer

2010 • 19 citations

T-regulatory cells in tumour-specific vaccination strategies

2008 • 17 citations

Human CD4+ regulatory T cells and activation-induced tolerance

2005 • 16 citations

Biochemical and immunologic correlates of clinical response in a combination trial of the GM-CSF-gene transduced allogeneic prostate cancer immunotherapy and ipilimumab in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (mHRPC)

2007 • 15 citations

Combination immunotherapy with GM-CSF and CTLA-4 blockade for hormone refractory prostate cancer: Balancing the expansion of activated effector and regulatory T cells

2007 • 12 citations