Review : Neuroprotection in Brain Ischemia: An Update (Part II

Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.

1990 • 7,068 citations

The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway

1993 • 6,737 citations

Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells

1992 • 4,437 citations

Elevation of the Extracellular Concentrations of Glutamate and Aspartate in Rat Hippocampus During Transient Cerebral Ischemia Monitored by Intracerebral Microdialysis

1984 • 2,884 citations

Excitatory Amino Acids as a Final Common Pathway for Neurologic Disorders

1994 • 2,668 citations

Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic–ischemic brain damage

1986 • 2,428 citations

Excitotoxic cell death

1992 • 2,307 citations

INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS

1987 • 2,183 citations

Small Differences in Intraischemic Brain Temperature Critically Determine the Extent of Ischemic Neuronal Injury

1987 • 1,821 citations

The anticonvulsant MK-801 is a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist.

1986 • 1,814 citations

Brain Lesions, Obesity, and Other Disturbances in Mice Treated with Monosodium Glutamate

1969 • 1,802 citations

Blockade of N -Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors May Protect Against Ischemic Damage in the Brain

1984 • 1,689 citations

Effects of Cerebral Ischemia in Mice Deficient in Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase

1994 • 1,578 citations

Calcium Dependence of Toxic Cell Death: A Final Common Pathway

1979 • 1,478 citations

Calcium Fluxes, Calcium Antagonists, and Calcium-Related Pathology in Brain Ischemia, Hypoglycemia, and Spreading Depression: A Unifying Hypothesis

1989 • 1,237 citations

Pathological Changes Induced in Cerebrocortical Neurons by Phencyclidine and Related Drugs

1989 • 1,235 citations

2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline: a Neuroprotectant for Cerebral Ischemia

1990 • 1,125 citations

Effect of mild hypothermia on ischemia-induced release of neurotransmitters and free fatty acids in rat brain.

1989 • 1,110 citations

Effect of oral nimodipine on cerebral infarction and outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage: British aneurysm nimodipine trial.

1989 • 1,087 citations

The Toxic Effect of Sodium L-Glutamate on the Inner Layers of the Retina

1957 • 1,061 citations

Glutamate becomes neurotoxic via the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor when intracellular energy levels are reduced

1988 • 972 citations

Activity dependent regulation of BDNF and NGF mRNAs in the rat hippocampus is mediated by non-NMDA glutamate receptors.

1990 • 899 citations

Synaptic release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter mediates anoxic neuronal death

1984 • 893 citations

Metabotropic glutamate receptors in brain function and pathology

1993 • 799 citations

Block of N-methyl-D-aspartate-activated current by the anticonvulsant MK-801: selective binding to open channels.

1988 • 747 citations

ITS POSSIBLE ROLE IN CARDIAC SURGERY

1950 • 712 citations

Delayed hippocampal damage in humans following cardiorespiratory arrest

1987 • 710 citations

Effect of Ischemia on the In Vivo Release of Striatal Dopamine, Glutamate, and γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Studied by Intracerebral Microdialysis

1988 • 704 citations

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition and Cerebrovascular Regulation

1994 • 669 citations

Rodent models of cerebral ischemia.

1989 • 663 citations

Oxygen radical mechanisms of brain injury following ischemia and reperfusion

1991 • 657 citations

Systemic administration of MK-801 protects against ischemia-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in the gerbil

1987 • 647 citations

Nitric Oxide Measured by a Porphyrinic Micro Sensor in Rat Brain after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion

1993 • 632 citations

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and stroke.

1992 • 617 citations

Promotion of central cholinergic and dopaminergic neuron differentiation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor but not neurotrophin 3.

1991 • 610 citations

Attenuation of focal cerebral ischemic injury in transgenic mice overexpressing CuZn superoxide dismutase.

1991 • 591 citations

Hypothermia but not the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, MK-801, attenuates neuronal damage in gerbils subjected to transient global ischemia

1990 • 589 citations

Human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase transgenic mice are highly resistant to reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia.

1994 • 571 citations

The glutamate antagonist MK‐801 reduces focal ischemic brain damage in the rat

1988 • 547 citations

Urgent therapy for stroke. Part I. Pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administered within 90 minutes.

1992 • 541 citations

Marked Protection by Moderate Hypothermia after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

1991 • 529 citations

Intraischemic but Not Postischemic Brain Hypothermia Protects Chronically following Global Forebrain Ischemia in Rats

1993 • 481 citations

Postischemic moderate hypothermia inhibits CA1 hippocampal ischemic neuronal injury

1989 • 461 citations

Synaptic Activity Mediates Death of Hypoxic Neurons

1983 • 441 citations

The glycine site of the NMDA receptor — five years on

1993 • 440 citations

Current status of antioxidant therapy

1993 • 429 citations

A Controlled Trial of Nimodipine in Acute Ischemic Stroke

1988 • 423 citations

Delayed and prolonged post-ischemic hypothermia is neuroprotective in the gerbil

1994 • 418 citations

The effect of mild hyperthermia and hypothermia on brain damage following 5, 10, and 15 minutes of forebrain ischemia

1990 • 409 citations

A molecular switch activated by metabotropic glutamate receptors regulates induction of long-term potentiation

1994 • 405 citations

Switch in glutamate receptor subunit gene expression in CA1 subfield of hippocampus following global ischemia in rats.

1992 • 399 citations

Type and extent of hemispheric brain infarctions and clinical outcome in early and delayed middle cerebral artery recanalization

1992 • 396 citations

Functional recovery of cortical neurons as related to degree and duration of ischemia

1983 • 396 citations

Calcium Accumulation and Neuronal Damage in the Rat Hippocampus following Cerebral Ischemia

1987 • 374 citations

The Importance of Brain Temperature in Alterations of the Blood-Brain Barrier Following Cerebral Ischemia

1990 • 373 citations

Protective Effect of the Glutamate Antagonist, MK-801 in Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Cat

1988 • 370 citations

Inhibition of proteolysis protects hippocampal neurons from ischemia.

1991 • 363 citations

Repeated Negative DC Deflections in Rat Cortex following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion are Abolished by MK-801: Effect on Volume of Ischemic Injury

1992 • 361 citations

The Significance of Brain Temperature in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Histopathological Consequences of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat

1992 • 353 citations

The Influence of Mild Body and Brain Hypothermia on Ischemic Brain Damage

1990 • 351 citations

Infarct Rim: Effect of Hyperglycemia on Direct Current Potential and [¹⁴C]2-Deoxyglucose Phosphorylation

1986 • 334 citations

Amelioration of delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus by nerve growth factor

1991 • 333 citations

Effects of normothermic versus mild hyperthermic forebrain ischemia in rats.

1990 • 327 citations

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Protects against Ischemic Cell Damage in Rat Hippocampus

1994 • 326 citations

Background Review and Current Concepts of Reperfusion Injury

1990 • 323 citations

Regional Accumulation of Calcium in Postischemic Rat Brain

1984 • 320 citations

Postischemic Blockade of AMPA but Not NMDA Receptors Mitigates Neuronal Damage in the Rat Brain following Transient Severe Cerebral Ischemia

1992 • 315 citations

Immunolocalization of calpain I-mediated spectrin degradation to vulnerable neurons in the ischemic gerbil brain

1994 • 314 citations

Post-traumatic brain hypothermia reduces histopathological damage following concussive brain injury in the rat

1994 • 304 citations

Comparative Effect of Transient Global Ischemia on Extracellular Levels of Glutamate, Glycine, and γ‐Aminobutyric Acid in Vulnerable and Nonvulnerable Brain Regions in the Rat

1991 • 299 citations

Cortical Negative DC Deflections following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and KCl-Induced Spreading Depression: Effect on Blood Flow, Tissue Oxygenation, and Electroencephalogram

1994 • 297 citations

The Effect of MK-801 on Cortical Spreading Depression in the Penumbral Zone following Focal Ischaemia in the Rat

1992 • 290 citations

Correlation between amino acid release and neuropathologic outcome in rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion.

1990 • 276 citations

MK-801 is neuroprotective in gerbils when administered during the post-ischaemic period

1988 • 276 citations

Mild Hypothermia Prevents Ischemic Injury in Gerbil Hippocampus

1990 • 275 citations

Spatial resolution of fodrin proteolysis in postischemic brain.

1993 • 270 citations

Safety and efficacy of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and heparin in acute middle cerebral artery stroke.

1992 • 267 citations

Liposome-entrapped superoxide dismutase reduces cerebral infarction in cerebral ischemia in rats.

1990 • 266 citations

Neuronal Vacuolization and Necrosis Induced by the Noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Antagonist MK(+)801 (Dizocilpine Maleate): A Light and Electron Microscopic Evaluation of the Rat Retrosplenial Cortex

1993 • 257 citations

Nimodipine Improves Outcome when Given after Complete Cerebral Ischemia in Primates

1985 • 256 citations

Blockade of the AMPA receptor prevents CA1 hippocampal injury following severe but transient forebrain ischemia in adult rats

1991 • 253 citations

A selective N-type calcium channel antagonist protects against neuronal loss after global cerebral ischemia.

1993 • 250 citations

The N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonists CGS 19755 and CPP reduce ischemic brain damage in gerbils

1988 • 246 citations

Glutamate Antagonist Therapy Reduces Neurologic Deficits Produced by Focal Central Nervous System Ischemia

1988 • 245 citations

Focal Cerebral Ischaemia in the Cat: Treatment with the Glutamate Antagonist MK-801 after Induction of Ischaemia

1988 • 244 citations

The Metabolic Effects of Mild Hypothermia on Global Cerebral Ischemia and Recirculation in the Cat: Comparison to Normothermia and Hyperthermia

1989 • 240 citations

The N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, MK-801, fails to protect against neuronal damage caused by transient, severe forebrain ischemia in adult rats

1991 • 239 citations

Ifenprodil and SL 82.0715 as cerebral anti-ischemic agents. I. Evidence for efficacy in models of focal cerebral ischemia.

1988 • 237 citations

Improving the outcome of severe head injury with the oxygen radical scavenger polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase: a Phase II trial

1993 • 234 citations

MK‐801 and ketamine induce heat shock protein HSP72 in injured neurons in posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex

1991 • 233 citations

Clinical trial of nimodipine in acute ischemic stroke. The American Nimodipine Study Group.

1992 • 233 citations

L-arginine infusion promotes nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation, increases regional cerebral blood flow, and reduces infarction volume in the rat.

1994 • 233 citations

Dynamic Penumbra Demonstrated by Sequential Multitracer PET after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Cats

1994 • 232 citations

Anti‐CD11b monoclonal antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rat

1994 • 231 citations

CPP, a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type receptor antagonist: characterization in vitro and in vivo.

1987 • 231 citations

Delayed Transneuronal Death of Substantia Nigra Neurons Prevented by γ-Aminobutyric Acid Agonist

1987 • 221 citations

Changes in Amino Acid Neurotransmitters and Cerebral Blood Flow in the Ischemic Penumbral Region following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat: Correlation with Histopathology

1993 • 220 citations

CGS 19755, a selective and competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate-type excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist.

1988 • 219 citations

Calpain inhibitor AK295 protects neurons from focal brain ischemia. Effects of postocclusion intra-arterial administration.

1994 • 219 citations

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Protects against Hypoxia-Ischemia and NMDA Neurotoxicity in Neonatal Rats

1993 • 218 citations

Mild hypothermia reduces infarct size resulting from temporary but not permanent focal ischemia in rats.

1992 • 210 citations

MK-801 reduced cerebral ischemic injury by inducing hypothermia

1990 • 205 citations

Temperature Modulation of Cerebral Depolarization during Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: Correlation with Ischemic Injury

1993 • 201 citations

The non-NMDA antagonists, NBQX and GYKI 52466, protect against cortical and striatal cell loss following transient global ischaemia in the rat

1992 • 201 citations

AMPA, but not NMDA, receptor antagonism is neuroprotective in gerbil global ischaemia, even when delayed 24 h

1993 • 192 citations

Intra-ischemic extracellular release of dopamine and glutamate is associated with striatal vulnerability to ischemia

1988 • 191 citations

Moderate Hypothermia Reduces Postischemic Edema Development and Leukotriene Production

1987 • 191 citations

Prevention of Postischemic Hyperthermia Prevents Ischemic Injury of CA₁ Neurons in Gerbils

1990 • 186 citations

The neuroprotective actions of 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX) in a rat focal ischaemia model

1992 • 184 citations

Immediate or delayed mild hypothermia prevents focal cerebral infarction

1992 • 184 citations

Neuroprotection with a calpain inhibitor in a model of focal cerebral ischemia.

1994 • 183 citations

BW619C89, a glutamate release inhibitor, protects against focal cerebral ischemic damage.

1993 • 180 citations

Delayed Treatment with AMPA, but Not NMDA, Antagonists Reduces Neocortical Infarction

1994 • 178 citations

Excitotoxic index — a biochemical marker of selective vulnerability

1991 • 178 citations

Cerebral Blood Flow and Neurologic Outcome When Nimodipine is Given after Complete Cerebral Ischemia in the Dog

1984 • 177 citations

Effect of pretreatment with the calcium antagonist nimodipine on local cerebral blood flow and histopathology after middle cerebral artery occlusion

1985 • 173 citations

Postischemic Administration of AK275, a Calpain Inhibitor, Provides Substantial Protection against Focal Ischemic Brain Damage

1994 • 173 citations

Local glucose utilization in acute focal cerebral ischemia

1977 • 172 citations

Direct Evidence for Acute and Massive Norepinephrine Release in the Hippocampus during Transient Ischemia

1989 • 169 citations

Meta-Analysis of Oral Nimodipine Trials in Acute Ischemic Stroke

1994 • 160 citations

The Cortical Ischaemic Penumbra Associated with Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Cat: 1. Topography of Changes in Blood Flow, Potassium Ion Activity, and EEG

1983 • 155 citations

N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate antagonist reduces stroke size and regional glucose metabolism

1990 • 155 citations

Effect of mild hyperthermia on the ischemic infarct volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

1991 • 155 citations

Ifenprodil and SL 82.0715 as cerebral antiischemic agents. III. Evidence for antagonistic effects at the polyamine modulatory site within the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex.

1990 • 154 citations

Limiting Ischemic Injury by Inhibition of Excitatory Amino Acid Release

1993 • 154 citations

Role of dopamine in ischemic striatal injury

1987 • 154 citations

Pretreatment with intraventricular basic fibroblast growth factor decreases infarct size following focal cerebral ischemia in rats

1994 • 153 citations

Delayed induction of mild hypothermia to reduce infarct volume after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

1994 • 153 citations

Temperature modulation of ischemic neuronal death and inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in gerbils.

1990 • 150 citations

Treatment with an AMPA Antagonist 12 Hours following Severe Normothermic Forebrain Ischemia Prevents CA₁ Neuronal Injury

1993 • 148 citations

Nimodipine and the Haemodynamic and Histopathological Consequences of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat

1986 • 147 citations

Hypothermia Prevents the Ischemia‐Induced Translocation and Inhibition of Protein Kinase C in the Rat Striatum

1991 • 146 citations

Tirilazad reduces cortical infarction after transient but not permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

1992 • 146 citations

Cerebroprotective effect of a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, GYKI 52466, after focal ischemia in the rat.

1992 • 145 citations

Protection from cerebral ischemia by brain cooling without reduced lactate accumulation in dogs.

1989 • 145 citations

The effect of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on cerebral blood flow and infarct volume in experimental focal stroke

1992 • 142 citations

Interrelationships between increased vascular permeability and acute neuronal damage following temperature-controlled brain ischemia in rats

1991 • 142 citations

(S)‐Emopamil, a novel calcium channel blocker and serotonin S ₂ antagonist, markedly reduces infarct size following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

1988 • 139 citations

Induction and suppression of immediate early genes in specific rat brain regions by the non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801

1993 • 137 citations

Seizures and brain injury in neonatal rats induced by 1S,3R-ACPD, a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist

1993 • 134 citations

Nimodipine after resuscitation from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial

1990 • 134 citations

The Effect of Mild Hypothermia on Permanent Focal Ischemia in the Rat

1992 • 133 citations

A Report on the Use of Both Extracorporeal Circulation and Hypothermia for Open Heart Surgery

1958 • 129 citations

The neuroprotective action of dizocilpine (MK‐801) in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of focal ischaemia

1991 • 128 citations

Brain infarction is not reduced in SOD-1 transgenic mice after a permanent focal cerebral ischemia

1993 • 126 citations

Nimodipine attenuates both increase in cytosolic free calcium and histologic damage following focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in cats.

1989 • 120 citations

CGS‐19755, A competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, reduces calcium‐calmodulin binding and improves outcome after global cerebral ischemia

1990 • 119 citations

Postischemic (1 hour) hypothermia significantly reduces ischemic cell damage in rats subjected to 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion.

1993 • 118 citations

Combined therapy with MK‐801 and nimodipine for protection of ischemic brain damage

1991 • 118 citations

Prevention of Periinfarct Direct Current Shifts with Glutamate Antagonist NBQX following Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat

1994 • 117 citations

Dextromethorphan protects against cerebral injury following transient focal ischemia in rabbits.

1988 • 115 citations

The Role of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Transient Forebrain Ischemia in the Rat Brain

1994 • 115 citations

Comparative protective effects of nicardipine, flunarizine, lidoflazine and nimodipine against ischaemic injury in the hippocampus of the Mongolian gerbil

1988 • 114 citations

Pre- and post-treatment with MK-801 but not pretreatment alone reduces neocortical damage after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat

1990 • 112 citations

Antagonism of non-NMDA receptors augments the neuroprotective effect of NMDA receptor blockade in cortical cultures subjected to prolonged deprivation of oxygen and glucose

1991 • 110 citations

Circulating Catecholamines Modulate Ischemic Brain Damage

1986 • 110 citations

Attenuation of Excitatory Amino Acid Toxicity by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists and Aniracetam in Primary Cultures of Cerebellar Granule Cells

1993 • 109 citations

Reduction of glutamate release and protection against ischemic brain damage by BW 1003C87

1992 • 107 citations

Hydrogen ion buffering during complete brain ischemia

1985 • 107 citations

Long-Term Development of Selective Neuronal Loss and the Mechanism of Protection by 2-Amino-7-Phosphonoheptanoate in a Rat Model of Incomplete Forebrain Ischaemia

1988 • 102 citations

Regional Alterations of Protein Kinase C Activity Following Transient Cerebral Ischemia: Effects of Intraischemic Brain Temperature Modulation

1994 • 102 citations

Nimodipine After Resuscitation From Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Fibrillation

1990 • 101 citations

The Effects of Dizocilpine Maleate (MK-801), an Antagonist of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor, on Neurologic Recovery and Histopathology following Complete Cerebral Ischemia in Primates

1990 • 100 citations

Continuous Nimodipine Treatment Attenuates Cortical Infarction in Rats Subjected to 24 Hours of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

1990 • 97 citations

Sequential Metabolic Changes in Rat Brain following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: A 2-Deoxyglucose Study

1989 • 97 citations

Combination therapy protects ischemic brain in rats. A glutamate antagonist plus a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist.

1994 • 96 citations

The neuroprotective actions of kynurenic acid and MK-801 in gerbils are synergistic and not related to hypothermia

1990 • 93 citations

Dextrorphan and dextromethorphan attenuate hypoxic injury in neuronal culture

1987 • 91 citations

GABAergic neocortical neurons are resistant to NMDA receptor‐mediated injury

1989 • 87 citations

Neuroprotective properties of 5-HT1A receptor agonists En rodent models of focal and global cerebral ischemia

1991 • 86 citations

Spontaneous cerebral hypothermia diminishes focal infarction in rat brain.

1992 • 85 citations

Protection against Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Damage by the α₂-Adrenoceptor Antagonist Idazoxan: Influence of Time of Administration and Possible Mechanisms of Action

1990 • 83 citations

Effect of the Calcium Antagonist Nimodipine on Local Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolic Coupling

1985 • 81 citations

High affinity [3H]dextrorphan binding in rat brain is localized to a noncompetitive antagonist site of the activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-cation channel.

1992 • 80 citations

Protective effect of synaptic inhibition during cerebral ischemia in rats and rabbits.

1992 • 80 citations

REVIEW ■ : Neuroprotection in Brain Ischemia: An Update (Part I

1995 • 77 citations

Effects of MK-801 upon Local Cerebral Glucose Utilisation in Conscious Rats and in Rats Anaesthetised with Halothane

1989 • 76 citations

Dose-response analysis of the effect of 21-aminosteroid tirilazad mesylate (U-74006F) upon neurological outcome and ischemic brain damage in permanent focal cerebral ischemia

1994 • 75 citations

Pre- and Post-Ischemic Administration of Dizocilpine (MK-801) Reduces Cerebral Necrosis in the Rat

1989 • 73 citations

The influence of body temperature on infarct volume and thrombolytic therapy in a rat embolic stroke model

1994 • 73 citations

Potential Therapeutic Uses of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Antagonists in Cerebral Ischemia

1990 • 73 citations

Flunarizine reduces cerebral infarct size after photochemically induced thrombosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

1987 • 71 citations

Cerebral Acidosis in Focal Ischemia: II. Nimodipine and Verapamil Normalize Cerebral pH following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat

1986 • 71 citations

Ischemia-induced extracellular release of serotonin plays a role in CA1 neuronal cell death in rats.

1992 • 69 citations

Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization and Cytoskeletal Proteolysis as Indices of Evolving Focal Ischemic Injury in Core and Penumbra

1995 • 67 citations

Evaluation of a competitive NMDA antagonist (<scp>D</scp>‐CPPene) in feline focal cerebral ischemia

1991 • 66 citations

The nature and time course of neuronal vacuolation induced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK-801

1994 • 66 citations

A novel treatment of global cerebral ischaemia with a glycine partial agonist

1992 • 65 citations

The ω‐conopeptide SNX‐111, an N‐type calcium channel blocker, dramatically ameliorates brain damage due to transient focal ischaemia

1994 • 61 citations

Reduction of Vasogenic Edema and Infarction by MK-801 in Rats after Temporary Focal Cerebral Ischemia

1994 • 61 citations

Nimodipine Pretreatment Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Reduces Brain Edema in Conscious Rats Subjected to Focal Cerebral Ischemia

1990 • 61 citations

Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid modulation on neuronal ischemia in rabbits.

1994 • 61 citations

Excitotoxins: Possible Mechanisms of Action^a

1992 • 60 citations

Effects of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Cerebral Blood Flow following Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusion and Recirculation in the Rat

1993 • 59 citations

Cerebal norepinephrine depletion enhances recovery after brain ischemia

1985 • 58 citations

N-Methyl-&lt;i&gt;D&lt;/i&gt;-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists: A Novel Therapeutic Perspective for the Treatment of Ischemic Brain Injury

1991 • 58 citations

Effect of MK-801 on focal brain infarction in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

1992 • 58 citations

Effect of U74006F on forebrain ischemia in rats.

1991 • 58 citations

Safety study of tirilazad mesylate in patients with acute ischemic stroke (STIPAS).

1994 • 58 citations

Cerebroprotective effect of BW619C89 after focal or global cerebral ischaemia in the rat

1993 • 56 citations

Duration dependent post-ischemic hypothermia alleviates cortical damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

1993 • 56 citations

Evaluation of the glutamate antagonist dizocilipine maleate (MK-801) on neurologic outcome in a canine model of complete cerebral ischemia: correlation with hippocampal histopathology

1989 • 56 citations

Neuroprotection by excitatory amino acid antagonist augments the benefit of thrombolysis in embolic stroke in rats.

1993 • 54 citations

The effects of two 21-aminosteroids on overt infarct size 48 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

1991 • 54 citations

Pretreatment with U74006F improves neurologic outcome following complete cerebral ischemia in dogs.

1991 • 52 citations

Funktionelle und histologische Ver�nderungen des Kaninchengehirns nach kompletter Gehirnisch�mie

1962 • 52 citations

Neuroprotection following focal cerebral ischaemia with the NMDA antagonist dextromethorphan, has a favourable dose response profile

1993 • 50 citations

Failure of the lipid peroxidation inhibitor U74006F to improve neurological outcome after transient forebrain ischemia in the rat

1990 • 48 citations

Dopamine has inhibitory and accelerating effects on ischemia-induced neuronal cell damage in the rat striatum

1994 • 47 citations

MK-801, a glutamate antagonist, lowers flow threshold for inhibition of protein synthesis after middle cerebral artery occlusion of rat

1993 • 46 citations

Delayed Treatment with a Noncompetitive NMDA Antagonist, CNS-1102, Reduces Infarct Size in Rats

1993 • 40 citations

Efficacy of d-CPPene, a competitive antagonist in focal cerebral ischemia in the rat

1992 • 38 citations

MK-801 (Dizocilpine) Protects the Brain from Repeated Normothermic Global Ischemic Insults in the Rat

1993 • 37 citations

(S)-emopamil protects against global ischemic brain injury in rats.

1990 • 37 citations

A glycine antagonist 7–chlorokynurenic acid attenuates ischemiainduced learning deficits

1993 • 36 citations

Graded focal cerebral ischemia in the rat by unilateral carotid artery occlusion and elevated intracranial pressure: hemodynamic and biochemical characterization.

1985 • 36 citations

Failure of the Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitor, U74006F, to Prevent Postischemic Selective Neuronal Injury

1992 • 34 citations

Postischemic (S)-emopamil therapy ameliorates focal ischemic brain injury in rats.

1991 • 33 citations

Baclofen does not protect against cerebral ischemia in rats.

1990 • 32 citations

Thermal Sensitivity of Hypoxic Responses in Neocortical Brain Slices

1993 • 28 citations

Tirilazad treatment does not decrease early brain injury after transient focal ischemia in cats.

1994 • 28 citations

Therapeutic efficacy of tirilazad in experimental multiple cerebral emboli

1994 • 27 citations

The Efficacy of Intravenous Nimodipine in the Treatment of Focal Cerebral Ischemia in a Primate Model

1989 • 25 citations

Ischemia‐Induced Changes in Extracellular Lévels of Striatal Cyclic AMP: Role of Dopamine Neurotransmission

1992 • 24 citations

Glutamate antagonist MK-801 attenuates incomplete but not complete infarction in thrombotic distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in Wistar rats

1994 • 24 citations

The effect of ritanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, on ischemic cerebral blood flow and infarct volume in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion.

1994 • 19 citations

Emerging strategies for the treatment of ischemic brain injury.

1993 • 17 citations

MK-801 is neuroprotective but does not improve survival in severe forebrain ischemia

1993 • 16 citations

Effects of naftidrofuryl oxalate, a 5-HT2 antagonist, on neuronal damage and local cerebral blood flow following transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils

1994 • 16 citations