Malignant cells, directors of the malignant process: role of transforming growth factor-beta.

NEW EMBO MEMBERS REVIEW: Transcriptional control by the TGF-beta/Smad signaling system

2000 • 1,935 citations

REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES BY TGF-β

1998 • 1,908 citations

Peptide Growth Factors and Their Receptors

1991 • 1,221 citations

TGF-β stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation: New mechanistic insights

1990 • 992 citations

TGF-β signaling blockade inhibits PTHrP secretion by breast cancer cells and bone metastases development

1999 • 969 citations

Specificity, diversity, and regulation in TGF-beta superfamily signaling.

1999 • 788 citations

Microsatellite instability and mutations of the transforming growth factor beta type II receptor gene in colorectal cancer.

1995 • 743 citations

Hepatic expression of mature transforming growth factor beta 1 in transgenic mice results in multiple tissue lesions.

1995 • 668 citations

TGFβ1 Inhibits the Formation of Benign Skin Tumors, but Enhances Progression to Invasive Spindle Carcinomas in Transgenic Mice

1996 • 619 citations

Signaling of transforming growth factor‐β family members through Smad proteins

2000 • 530 citations

Role of Transforming Growth Factor-beta Signaling in Cancer

2000 • 525 citations

Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer: the Syndrome, the Genes, and Historical Perspectives

1995 • 521 citations

A transforming growth factor beta receptor type II gene mutation common in colon and gastric but rare in endometrial cancers with microsatellite instability.

1995 • 445 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β in Leishmanial Infection: a Parasite Escape Mechanism

1992 • 439 citations

In vitro and in vivo association of transforming growth factor-beta 1 with hepatic fibrosis.

1989 • 420 citations

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β in the Rat Ventral Prostate during Castration-Induced Programmed Cell Death

1989 • 417 citations

A highly immunogenic tumor transfected with a murine transforming growth factor type beta 1 cDNA escapes immune surveillance.

1990 • 409 citations

Anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta antibodies inhibit breast cancer cell tumorigenicity and increase mouse spleen natural killer cell activity. Implications for a possible role of tumor cell/host TGF-beta interactions in human breast cancer progression.

1993 • 356 citations

Effects of pirfenidone on transforming growth factor-beta gene expression at the transcriptional level in bleomycin hamster model of lung fibrosis.

1999 • 354 citations

Cellular distribution of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and procollagen types I, III, and IV transcripts in carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver fibrosis.

1990 • 354 citations

In vivo inhibition of rat stellate cell activation by soluble transforming growth factor β type II receptor: A potential new therapy for hepatic fibrosis

1999 • 325 citations

Expression of transforming growth factor beta type II receptor leads to reduced malignancy in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells

1994 • 325 citations

The role for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in human cancer.

1999 • 323 citations

Transforming Growth Factor β as a Predictor of Liver and Lung Fibrosis after Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Advanced Breast Cancer

1993 • 318 citations

Acquired multicellular-mediated resistance to alkylating agents in cancer.

1993 • 280 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta-induced inhibition of T cell function. Susceptibility difference in T cells of various phenotypes and functions and its relevance to immunosuppression in the tumor-bearing state.

1991 • 266 citations

Microsatellite instability in inherited and sporadic neoplasms

1995 • 257 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta complexes with thrombospondin.

1992 • 256 citations

Inhibition of skin development by overexpression of transforming growth factor beta 1 in the epidermis of transgenic mice.

1993 • 252 citations

Transforming growth factor-?1 level correlates with angiogenesis, tumor progression, and prognosis in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma

2001 • 242 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 overproduction in prostate cancer: effects on growth in vivo and in vitro.

1992 • 242 citations

Role of Transforming Growth Factor- in Tissue Injury and Repair

1997 • 237 citations

Transforming growth factor beta mediates the progesterone suppression of an epithelial metalloproteinase by adjacent stroma in the human endometrium.

1995 • 226 citations

Transforming growth factor—beta 1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β1 receptors in normal, cirrhotic, and neoplastic human livers

1995 • 219 citations

Reversal of tumor-induced immunosuppression: a new approach to cancer therapy.

1997 • 219 citations

Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-β¹on Proliferation and Death of Rat Prostatic Cells*

1990 • 218 citations

Missense mutations of the transforming growth factor beta type II receptor in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells.

1995 • 216 citations

Plasma transforming growth factor-β1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Comparison with chronic liver diseases

1994 • 215 citations

Targeted mutations of transforming growth factor‐β genes reveal important roles in mouse development and adult homeostasis

2000 • 210 citations

Genetic change in transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor type I gene correlates with insensitivity to TGF-beta 1 in human prostate cancer cells.

1996 • 195 citations

Identification of a Cellular Receptor for Transforming Growth Factor-β in Rat Ventral Prostate and Its Negative Regulation by Androgens*

1988 • 178 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inhibition of Macrophage Activation Is Mediated via Smad3

2000 • 167 citations

Loss of expression of transforming growth factor beta type I and type II receptors correlates with tumor grade in human prostate cancer tissues.

1996 • 167 citations

Suppression of antioxidative enzyme expression by transforming growth factor-beta 1 in rat hepatocytes.

1994 • 166 citations

TbetaR-I(6A) is a candidate tumor susceptibility allele.

1999 • 163 citations

TGF-β: A Critical Modulator of Immune Cell Function

1997 • 160 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta1 circulates in normal human plasma and is unchanged in advanced metastatic breast cancer.

1995 • 159 citations

Trypanosome invasion of mammalian cells requires activation of the TGFβ signaling pathway

1995 • 158 citations

Transforming growth factor-? in benign and malignant prostate

1999 • 156 citations

Elevated levels of transforming growth factor beta messenger RNA and its polypeptide in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

1991 • 150 citations

TGFβ in prostate cancer: A growth inhibitor that can enhance tumorigenicity

1997 • 150 citations

Control of human glioma cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro by transforming growth factor β1

1994 • 150 citations

In vitrorestoration of T cell responses in tuberculosis and augmentation of monocyte effector function againstMycobacterium tuberculosisby natural inhibitors of transforming growth factor β

1997 • 148 citations

Invasion and metastasis of a mammary tumor involves TGF-? signaling

2000 • 148 citations

Changes in plasma TGFβ levels during pulmonary radiotherapy as a predictor of the risk of developing radiation pneumonitis

1994 • 147 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) isoforms in rat liver regeneration: messenger RNA expression and activation of latent TGF-beta.

1991 • 145 citations

Transforming growth factor beta 1 can induce estrogen-independent tumorigenicity of human breast cancer cells in athymic mice.

1993 • 138 citations

Increased expression of transforming growth factor beta isoforms and basic fibroblast growth factor in complex hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium: evidence for paracrine and autocrine action.

1994 • 136 citations

Association Between the T29→C Polymorphism in the Transforming Growth Factor β1 Gene and Breast Cancer Among Elderly White Women

2001 • 132 citations

Plasma transforming growth factor-?1 level before radiotherapy correlates with long term outcome of patients with lung carcinoma

1999 • 132 citations

Down-regulation of protein and mRNA expression for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) type I and type II receptors in human prostate cancer

1997 • 130 citations

Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in prostate cancer.

1994 • 128 citations

Enhanced expression of transforming growth factor‐β and its type‐I and type‐II receptors in human glioblastoma

1995 • 127 citations

Expression of tissue factor in tumor stroma correlates with progression to invasive human breast cancer: paracrine regulation by carcinoma cell-derived members of the transforming growth factor beta family.

1996 • 125 citations

A role for TGFbeta1 in langerhans cell biology. Further characterization of the epidermal Langerhans cell defect in TGFbeta1 null mice.

1997 • 125 citations

Transforming growth factor beta production and responsiveness in normal human melanocytes and melanoma cells.

1994 • 124 citations

A systems approach to cancer therapy

1996 • 123 citations

How tumors escape immune destruction and what we can do about it

1999 • 122 citations

Identifying Breast Cancer Patients at High Risk for Bone Metastases

2000 • 121 citations

Regulation of apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 in nontumorigenic rat prostatic epithelial cell lines.

1996 • 118 citations

Angiogenesis and cancer metastasis.

2000 • 118 citations

A soluble transforming growth factor beta type III receptor suppresses tumorigenicity and metastasis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.

1999 • 116 citations

Imaging of tumour neovasculature by targeting the TGF-β binding receptor endoglin

2000 • 115 citations

TGF-β and cancer

1999 • 115 citations

Modulation of insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptors and transforming growth factor-beta 1 during liver regeneration.

1991 • 113 citations

Extracellular matrix is reduced by inhibition of transforming growth factor beta1 in pancreatitis in the rat

1997 • 104 citations

Positive correlation of plasma transforming growth factor-β1 levels with tumor vascularity in hepatocellular carcinoma

1995 • 96 citations

TGF-β-mediated hepatocellular apoptosis by rat and human hepatoma cells and primary rat hepatocytes

1997 • 93 citations

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) Promotes the Invasive Properties of Human Breast Cancer

1996 • 92 citations

Autocrine stimulatory mechanism by transforming growth factor beta in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

2000 • 91 citations

Constitutive expression of mature transforming growth factor beta1 in the liver accelerates hepatocarcinogenesis in transgenic mice.

1997 • 91 citations

Relationship of transforming growth factor β1 to extracellular matrix and stromal infiltrates in invasive breast carcinoma

1994 • 90 citations

Liver tumor promotion: Effect of phenobarbital on EGF and protein kinase C signal transduction and transforming growth factor-?1 expression

1991 • 89 citations

Colon carcinoma cells switch their response to transforming growth factor beta 1 with tumor progression.

1994 • 87 citations

Development of resistance mechanisms to the growth-inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-beta during tumor progression.

1993 • 86 citations

Loss of responsiveness to transforming growth factor beta induces malignant transformation of nontumorigenic rat prostate epithelial cells.

1999 • 84 citations

Reduced levels of transforming growth factor beta receptor type II in human prostate cancer: an immunohistochemical study.

1996 • 84 citations

In vitro growth inhibition of ovarian cancer cells by decorin: synergism of action between decorin and carboplatin.

1999 • 81 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 down-regulates basal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced cytochromes P-450 1A1 and 1A2 in adult human hepatocytes in primary culture.

1994 • 80 citations

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Mouse Skin During the Acute Phase of Radiation Damage

1995 • 80 citations

Immunocytochemical localization of transforming growth factors (TGFs) TGF-alpha and TGF-beta in human ovarian tissues.

1992 • 78 citations

Expression of transforming growth factors beta 1, beta 2, beta 3 in neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system.

1994 • 72 citations

Thrombospondin and transforming growth factor-beta 1 increase expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells

1995 • 72 citations

The role of transforming growth factor beta 1 in the fibroblastic reaction associated with rat colorectal tumor development.

1994 • 70 citations

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor β Type III Receptor Suppresses Tumorigenicity of Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells

1997 • 69 citations

Alterations in transforming growth factor-alpha and -beta production and cell responsiveness during the progression of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to estrogen-autonomous growth.

1994 • 69 citations

Decorin inhibits cell attachment to thrombospondin-1 by binding to a KKTR-dependent cell adhesive site present within the N-terminal domain of thrombospondin-1.

1997 • 65 citations

A benign cultured colon adenoma bears three genetically altered colon cancer oncogenes, but progresses to tumorigenicity and transforming growth factor-beta independence without inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor gene.

1994 • 65 citations

Defective transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as evidenced by the lack of expression of activated Smad2.

2001 • 63 citations

Disruption of TGF-β growth inhibition by oncogenic ras is linked to p27Kip1 mislocalization

2000 • 59 citations

Expression of an antisense transforming growth factor-beta1 transgene reduces tumorigenicity of EMT6 mammary tumor cells.

1997 • 58 citations

Development of resistance to the growth inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 during the spontaneous transformation of rat liver epithelial cells.

1991 • 58 citations

Mechanism of transforming growth factor-β1-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

2000 • 57 citations

Transforming growth factor β 1 secreted from scirrhous gastric cancer cells is associated with excess collagen deposition in the tissue

1994 • 54 citations

Elevated urinary transforming growth factor-β1 level as a tumour marker and predictor of poor survival in cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma

1997 • 53 citations

Expression of transforming growth factor beta mRNA isoforms in human breast cancer

1994 • 52 citations

The transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in tumorigenesis

2001 • 51 citations

TGF-β Knockout and Dominant-Negative Receptor Transgenic Mice

1998 • 51 citations

Involvement of transforming growth factor beta1 in autocrine enhancement of gelatinase B secretion by murine metastatic colon carcinoma cells.

1996 • 51 citations

Reversal of in vivo drug resistance by the transforming growth factor-β inhibitor decorin

1997 • 50 citations

Thrombospondin (TSP) and Transforming Growth Factor β 1 (TGF-β) Promote Human A549 Lung Carcinoma Cell Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (Pal-1) Production and Stimulate Tumor Cell Attachment in Vitro

1994 • 49 citations

Dynamics of tumor oxygenation, CD31 staining and transforming growth factor-β levels after treatment with radiation or cyclophosphamide in the rat 13762 mammary carcinoma

1997 • 49 citations

TGF‐β autocrine loop regulates cell growth and myogenic differentiation in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells

2000 • 47 citations

Transforming growth factor‐β negatively modulates T‐cell responses in sepsis

1997 • 47 citations

Expression and autoregulation of transforming growth factor β receptor mRNA in small-cell lung cancer cell lines

1996 • 46 citations

Transforming growth factor-β in in vivo resistance

1996 • 46 citations

Down-regulation of TGF-β 1 production restores immunogenicity in prostate cancer cells

2000 • 46 citations

Mutations of the transforming growth factor β type II receptor gene and microsatellite instability in gastric cancer

1996 • 46 citations

Modulation of Sensitivity to Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the Level of Type II TGF-β Receptor in LNCaP Cells by Dihydrotestosterone

1996 • 45 citations

Paracrine and autocrine regulation of human melanocyte and melanoma cell growth by transforming growth factor beta in vitro.

1994 • 43 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 overexpression produces drug resistance in vivo: reversal by decorin.

1998 • 42 citations

Effects of TGF‐β1 (transforming growth factor‐β1) on the cell cycle regulation of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) cells

1995 • 40 citations

Oxygen regulation of TGF-beta 1 mRNA in human hepatoma (Hep G2) cells.

1994 • 38 citations

TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 are potential growth regulators for medulloblastomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and ependymomas: Evidence in support of an autocrine hypothesis

1994 • 38 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta and response to anticancer therapies in human liver and gastric tumors in vitro and in vivo.

2000 • 36 citations

Induction of transforming growth factor beta in hormonally treated human prostate cancer

1994 • 36 citations

Transforming growth factor beta 1 regulation of metalloproteinase production in cultured human cervical epithelial cells.

1994 • 35 citations

Differentially expressed genes in TGF-β1 sensitive and resistant human hepatoma cells

1995 • 35 citations

Regulation of prostatic stromal cell growth and function by transforming growth factor beta (TGF?)

1999 • 34 citations

Human breast-cancer cells stimulate the fusion, migration and resorptive activity of osteoclasts in bone explants

2001 • 33 citations

Acquisition of TGF-beta 1 resistance: an important progression factor in human renal cell carcinoma.

1997 • 33 citations

Growth factor balance and tumor progression

1994 • 32 citations

Differential expression of transforming growth factor-?1 and ?3 as well as C-FOS mRNA in normal human prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer

1994 • 31 citations

Growth factors in mechanisms of malignancy: roles for TGF-beta and FGF.

1996 • 29 citations

Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat.

1991 • 28 citations

Transforming growth factor-? and prostate cancer

1995 • 28 citations

Mutational analysis of the transforming growth factor beta receptor type II gene in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and early-onset colorectal cancer patients.

2000 • 27 citations

TGF-?-1 up-regulates cyclin D1 expression in colo-357 cells, whereas suppression of cyclin d1 levels is associated with down-regulation of the type I TGF-? receptor

1999 • 27 citations

Human breast cancer cells induce angiogenesis, recruitment, and activation of osteoclasts in osteolytic metastasis

2000 • 27 citations

The role of transcription factors involved in TGFbeta superfamily signaling during development.

1999 • 27 citations

Evidence for a positive role of transforming growth factor-β in human breast cancer cell tumorigenesis

1993 • 26 citations

Anti-tumor effects of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor, alone or in combination with local irradiation, in mice inoculated with lewis lung carcinoma cells

1991 • 25 citations

Augmentation of host immune responses to cancer: overcoming the barrier of tumor antigen-specific T-cell tolerance.

2000 • 24 citations

Suppression of proline-directed protein kinase FA systemically inhibits the growth of human acute leukemia cells

2001 • 24 citations

Retroviral‐mediated transduction of p53 gene increases TGF‐β expression in a human glioblastoma cell line

1994 • 24 citations

Early gene responses associated with transforming growth factor-β1 growth inhibition and autoinduction in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells

1995 • 23 citations

Molecular characterization of the in vivo alkylating agent resistant murine EMT-6 mammary carcinoma tumors

1995 • 23 citations

TGFbeta signaling pathways and human diseases.

1999 • 20 citations

Protection of bone-marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units in mice bearing in vivo alkylating-agent-resistant EMT-6 tumors

1993 • 18 citations

Improvement of Macrophage Dysfunction by Administration of Anti‐transforming Growth Factor‐β Antibody in EL4‐bearing Hosts

1994 • 17 citations

Distribution of Transforming Growth Factor‐β and Its Receptors in Gastric Carcinoma Tissue

1996 • 16 citations

Effects of Transforming Growth Factor β1 on the Adenylyl Cyclase-cAMP Pathway in Prostate Cancer

1994 • 15 citations

The effect of endocrine therapy on the levels of oestrogen and progesterone receptor and transforming growth factor-β1 in metastatic human breast cancer: an immunocytochemical study

1994 • 15 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Gene Polymorphism and Bone Mineral Density

2001 • 14 citations

Drug resistance and gene amplification potential regulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 gene expression.

1995 • 13 citations

Regulation of Transforming Growth Factor β1 by Radiation in Cells of Two Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

1999 • 12 citations

Identification of transforming growth factor-?1-binding protein overexpression in carmustine-resistant glioma cells by MRNA differential display

2000 • 9 citations

Comparison between immunocytochemical and polymerase chain reaction techniques for detection of oestrogen receptor and transforming growth factor β in breast cancer

1996 • 9 citations

Correlation of TGF-(Si Expression with Medroxiprogesterone Acetate Responsiveness in Mouse Mammary Adenocarcinomas

1995 • 7 citations

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) expression in proliferating thyroid disease

1996 • 5 citations

Cancer Models: Manipulating the Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathway in Mice

2003 • 2 citations

TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA (TGF-BETA) MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION AND GROWTH-CONTROL IN HUMAN LUNG SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA CELL-LINES

1994 • 1 citations