Quinolinic Acid in Neurological Disease: Opportunities for Novel Drug Discovery

Data for biochemical research

1987 • 3,056 citations

Perivascular Microglial Cells of the CNS Are Bone Marrow-Derived and Present Antigen in Vivo

1988 • 1,451 citations

Excitatory amino acid receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system.

1989 • 1,316 citations

Quinolinic Acid: An Endogenous Metabolite That Produces Axon-Sparing Lesions in Rat Brain

1983 • 1,247 citations

Data for biochemical research

1987 • 1,200 citations

Metabolism of the neurotoxic tertiary amine, MPTP, by brain monoamine oxidase

1984 • 1,092 citations

EXACERBATIONS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH GAMMA INTERFERON

1987 • 1,062 citations

Interferon gamma blocks the growth of Toxoplasma gondii in human fibroblasts by inducing the host cells to degrade tryptophan.

1984 • 847 citations

Quinolinic acid: A potent endogenous excitant at amino acid receptors in CNS

1981 • 728 citations

Blood–Brain Barrier Transport of Kynurenines: Implications for Brain Synthesis and Metabolism

1991 • 705 citations

QUINOLINIC ACID AND KYNURENINE PATHWAY METABOLISM IN INFLAMMATORY AND NON-INFLAMMATORY NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE

1992 • 655 citations

Quinolinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in HIV‐1 Infection: Relationship to clinical and neurological status

1991 • 563 citations

Chronic quinolinic acid lesions in rats closely resemble Huntington's disease

1991 • 497 citations

Human macrophages convert <scp>l</scp>-tryptophan into the neurotoxin quinolinic acid

1992 • 450 citations

Kynurenic acid blocks neurotoxicity and seizures induced in rats by the related brain metabolite quinolinic acid

1984 • 416 citations

Tryptophan degradation in mice initiated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.

1986 • 372 citations

A Textbook of Neuropathology

1950 • 325 citations

Kynurenine Pathway Measurements in Huntington's Disease Striatum: Evidence for Reduced Formation of Kynurenic Acid

1990 • 312 citations

Delayed Demyelination and Macrophage Invasion: A Candidate for Secondary Cell Damage in Spinal Cord Injury

1985 • 295 citations

Control of Metabolic Processes

1990 • 290 citations

The Calcium Channel Blocker Nifedipine Attenuates Slow Excitatory Amino Acid Neurotoxicity

1990 • 271 citations

Quinolinic acid is a potent lipid peroxidant in rat brain homogenates

1991 • 263 citations

Studies on the Biosynthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

1963 • 255 citations

Quantitative changes in the synaptic vesicle proteins synapsin I and p38 and the astrocyte-specific protein glial fibrillary acidic protein are associated with chemical-induced injury to the rat central nervous system

1987 • 249 citations

Models of neuronal injury in AIDS: another role for the NMDA receptor?

1992 • 247 citations

Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: a mechanism of the antitumor activity of interferon gamma.

1988 • 241 citations

Differential vulnerability of central neurons of the rat to quinolinic acid

1983 • 232 citations

Neuroprotective effects of MK-801 in vivo: selectivity and evidence for delayed degeneration mediated by NMDA receptor activation

1988 • 216 citations

Differential sparing of somatostatin‐neuropeptide y and cholinergic neurons following striatal excitotoxin lesions

1989 • 197 citations

Effects of immune activation on quinolinic acid and neuroactive kynurenines in the mouse

1992 • 193 citations

On the excitotoxic properties of quinolinic acid, 2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acids and structurally related compounds

1983 • 193 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid concentrations are increased in acquired immune deficiency syndrome

1989 • 190 citations

Identification of quinolinic acid in rat and human brain tissue

1983 • 182 citations

Stimulant and convulsive effects of kynurenines injected into brain ventricles in mice

1978 • 181 citations

A mechanism for increased quinolinic acid formation following acute systemic immune stimulation

1993 • 181 citations

[26] Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

1987 • 176 citations

Prolonged exposure to submicromolar concentrations of quinolinic acid causes excitotoxic damage in organotypic cultures of rat corticostriatal system

1989 • 175 citations

Kynurenine as an Intermediate in the Formation of Nicotinic Acid from Tryptophane by Neurospora

1947 • 172 citations

The Pyridine Nucleotide Cycle

1966 • 172 citations

Mechanism of Delayed Increases in Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism in Damaged Brain Regions Following Transient Cerebral Ischemia

1993 • 164 citations

Major histocompatibility complex antigen expression on rat microglia following epidural kainic acid lesions

1988 • 162 citations

Kynurenines and Seizures

1981 • 155 citations

Quinolinate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture

1987 • 146 citations

Two mechanisms which increase in vivo the liver tryptophan peroxidase activity: specific enzyme adaptation and stimulation of the pituitary adrenal system.

1951 • 145 citations

Quantification of the importance of individual steps in the control of aromatic amino acid metabolism

1986 • 141 citations

Kynurenic acid derivatives. Structure-activity relationships for excitatory amino acid antagonism and identification of potent and selective antagonists at the glycine site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

1991 • 139 citations

The Enzymatic Conversion of Quinolinate to Nicotinic Acid Mononucleotide in Mammalian Liver

1964 • 138 citations

The role of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in the hormonal control of tryptophan metabolism in isolated rat liver cells. Effects of glucocorticoids and experimental diabetes

1985 • 134 citations

Modulation of the Kynurenine Pathway in Search for New Neuroprotective Agents.Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of (m-Nitrobenzoyl)alanine, a Potent Inhibitor of Kynurenine-3-hydroxylase

1994 • 134 citations

The excitotoxin quinolinic acid is present and unevenly distributed in the rat brain

1984 • 132 citations

Neuroprotective Effects of L-Kynurenine on Hypoxia—Ischemia and NMDA Lesions in Neonatal Rats

1992 • 132 citations

Quantification of quinolinic acid in rat brain, whole blood, and plasma by gas chromatography and negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry: Effects of systemic l-tryptophan administration on brain and blood quinolinic acid concentrations

1988 • 126 citations

Neuroactive kynurenines in Lyme borreliasis

1992 • 125 citations

Synthesis of Quinolinic Acid by 3‐Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Oxygenase in Rat Brain Tissue In Vitro

1986 • 124 citations

Localization of kynurenine aminotransferase immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus

1992 • 122 citations

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Characterization and properties of enzyme. O2- complex.

1977 • 115 citations

Studies on the disposition of quinolinic acid after intracerebral or systemic administration in the rat

1984 • 115 citations

New degradative routes of 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin by intestinal tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase

1972 • 112 citations

Brain Quinolinic Acid in Huntington's Disease

1988 • 111 citations

Determination of serum kynurenine and hepatic tryptophan dioxygenase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography

1988 • 111 citations

Progressive slowing of reaction time and increasing cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of quinolinic acid in HIV-infected individuals

1992 • 110 citations

The excitotoxin quinolinic acid is present in the brain of several mammals and its cortical content increases during the aging process

1984 • 108 citations

Systemic approaches to modifying quinolinic acid striatal lesions in rats

1988 • 107 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of quinolinic acid in Huntington's disease and schizophrenia

1988 • 105 citations

Modulation of Quinolinic and Kynurenic Acid Content in the Rat Brain: Effects of Endotoxins and Nicotinylalanine

1991 • 103 citations

Neurotypic and gliotypic proteins as biochemical markers of neurotoxicity

1988 • 102 citations

On the submitochondrial localization of L-kynurenine-3-hydroxylase

1967 • 101 citations

Poliovirus induces indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase and quinolinic acid synthesis in macaque brain

1992 • 98 citations

4-Chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate, 6-chlorotryptophan and norharmane attenuate quinolinic acid formation by interferon-γ-stimulated monocytes (THP-1 cells)

1993 • 97 citations

Divergent effects of astroglial and microglial secretions on neuron growth and survival

1992 • 95 citations

Relationship of neurologic status in macaques infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus to cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid

1992 • 95 citations

Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of human interferon-γ-inducible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase cDNA

1990 • 92 citations

Increase in the Content of Quinolinic Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Frontal Cortex of Patients with Hepatic Failure

1986 • 91 citations

STUDIES ON OXYGENASES

1957 • 91 citations

Textbook of Neuropathology

1991 • 90 citations

Nicotinylalanine Increases the Formation of Kynurenic Acid in the Brain and Antagonizes Convulsions

1992 • 88 citations

REDUCED TRIPHOSPHOPYRIDINENUCLEOTIDE REQUIREMENT FOR THE ENZYMATIC FORMATION OF 3-HYDROXYKYNURENINE FROM L-KYNURENINE

1956 • 82 citations

Quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase in human and rat brain: Activity in Huntington's disease and in quinolinate-lesioned rat striatum

1985 • 81 citations

Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Quinolinic Acid, Kynurenic Acid, and L‐Kynurenine in Acute Septicemia

1990 • 80 citations

Chronic effects of γ-interferon on quinolinic acid and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in brain of C57BL6 mice

1991 • 80 citations

Rat 3‐Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Oxygenase: Purification from the Liver and Immunocytochemical Localization in the Brain

1987 • 80 citations

Identification of Tryptophan 2,3‐Dioxygenase RNA in Rodent Brain

1993 • 79 citations

TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM

1949 • 77 citations

Kynurenine and Serotonin Pathways

1991 • 76 citations

Systemic endotoxin increasesl-tryptophan, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine and quinolinic acid content of mouse cerebral cortex

1989 • 76 citations

Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase by β-carboline and indole derivatives

1984 • 73 citations

Increased ratio of quinolinic acid to kynurenic acid in cerebrospinal fluid of D retrovirus—infected rhesus macaques: Relationship to clinical and viral status

1990 • 73 citations

Content of Quinolinic Acid and of Other Tryptophan Metabolites Increases in Brain Regions of Rats Used as Experimental Models of Hepatic Encephalopathy

1986 • 72 citations

Quinolinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase in Rat Brain

1985 • 72 citations

Regional brain and cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid concentrations in Huntington's disease

1991 • 69 citations

Neurotoxin Quinolinic Acid Is Selectively Elevated in Spinal Cords of Rats with Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis

1995 • 69 citations

Hypothesis: A Role for Quinolinic Acid in the Neuropathology of Glutaric Aciduria Type I

1987 • 69 citations

Quinolinic‐Phosphoribosyl Transferase Activity is Decreased in Epileptic Human Brain Tissue

1988 • 64 citations

S-Aryl-L-cysteine S,S-dioxides: design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new class of inhibitors of kynureninase

1993 • 64 citations

Effects of Vitamin B-6 Deficiency and Tryptophan Loading on Urinary Excretion of Tryptophan Metabolites in Mammals

1977 • 60 citations

Extensive studies of the heme coordination structure of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and of tryptophan binding with magnetic and natural circular dichroism and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

1984 • 60 citations

Delayed Increases in Regional Brain Quinolinic Acid Follow Transient Ischemia in the Gerbil

1990 • 59 citations

Alpha-Aminoadipate aminotransferase and kynurenine aminotransferase. Purification, characterization, and further evidence for identity.

1977 • 58 citations

Quinolinic Acid Concentrations in Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Intractable Complex Partial Seizures

1990 • 58 citations

Determination of 3-hydroxykynurenine in human brain and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

1991 • 57 citations

Abnormalities of somatosensory evoked potentials in the quinolinic acid model of Huntington's disease: Evidence that basal ganglia modulate sensory cortical input

1992 • 55 citations

[50] l-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (tryptophan pyrrolase) (rat liver)

1970 • 55 citations

Quinolinic acid concentrations in striatal extracellular fluid reach potentially neurotoxic levels following systemic l-tryptophan loading

1989 • 55 citations

Regulatory Properties of Hepatic Tryptophan Oxygenase

1972 • 49 citations

Cerebral cortex and lung indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity is increased in type-D retrovirus infected macaques

1991 • 49 citations

3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid metabolism. IV. Spectrophotometric evidence for the formation of an intermediate

1951 • 48 citations

(18O)quinolinic acid: Its esterification without back exchange for use as internal standard in the quantification of brain and CSF quinolinic acid

1988 • 47 citations

Metabolism and neuropathologic significance of quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid

1993 • 47 citations

Quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase: preferential glial localization in the rat brain visualized by immunocytochemistry.

1987 • 46 citations

4-Halo-3-hydroxyanthranilic acids: Potent competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid oxygenase in vitro

1991 • 46 citations

Quinolinic acid metabolism in the rat brain. Immunohistochemical identification of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid oxygenase and quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase in the hippocampal region

1988 • 45 citations

Production of extracellular quinolinic acid in the striatum studied by microdialysis in unanesthetized rats

1989 • 44 citations

A radiometric assay for kynurenine 3-hydroxylase based on the release of 3H2O during hydroxylation of l-[3,5-3H]kynurenine

1992 • 42 citations

Organ Distribution of Rat Kynureninase and Changes of Its Activity during Development

1988 • 42 citations

Systemic Lipopolysaccharide and Pokeweed Mitogen Increase Quinolinic Acid Content of Mouse Cerebral Cortex

1988 • 41 citations

L-kynurenine aminotransferase and L-α-aminoadipate aminotransferase. I. Evidence for identity

1975 • 41 citations

4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilate inhibits brain 3-hydroxyanthranate oxidase

1988 • 40 citations

Cofactor activity of dihydroflavin mononucleotide and tetrahydrobiopterin for murine epididymal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

1986 • 40 citations

An investigation of the mechanisms of delayed neurodegeneration caused by direct injection of quinolinate into the rat striatum in vivo

1991 • 40 citations

Utilization of dihydroflavin mononucleotide and superoxide anion for the decyclization of l-tryptophan by murine epididymal indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

1987 • 39 citations

Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 - An Atypical Presentation Together with some Observations upon Treatment and the Possible Cause of Cerebral Damage

1992 • 37 citations

Purification and Properties of Kynureninase from Rat Liver

1980 • 34 citations

Intravenous administration of L-kynurenine to rhesus monkeys: Effect on quinolinate and kynurenate levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid

1993 • 34 citations

CONCERNING THE MECHANISM OF THE MAMMALIAN CONVERSION OF TRYPTOPHAN INTO KYNURENINE, KYNURENIC ACID, AND NICOTINIC ACID

1948 • 34 citations

Deduced primary structure of rat tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase

1990 • 34 citations

Increased quinolinic acid metabolism following neuronal degeneration in the rat hippocampus

1987 • 33 citations

Quinolinate mimics neurotoxic actions of in rat cerebellar slices

1987 • 33 citations

High levels of quinolinic acid in brain of epilepsy-prone E1 mice

1993 • 32 citations

Sustained increases in cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid concentrations in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) naturally infected with simian retrovirus type-D

1990 • 32 citations

Quinolinic Acid: A Pathogen in Seizure Disorders?

1986 • 32 citations

Biosynthesis of NAD and nicotinic acid by Clostridium butylicum

1966 • 32 citations

Neurotoxicity induced by continuous infusion of quinolinic acid into the lateral ventricle in rats

1990 • 30 citations

Cell proliferation after ischemic infarction in gerbil brain

1985 • 28 citations

Studies on the Biological Activity of Nicotinylalanine, an Analogue of Kynurenine

1963 • 27 citations

Experimental models of aging and quinolinic acid.

1985 • 27 citations

Neurotoxicity of quinolinic acid and its derivatives in hypoxic rat hippocampal slices

1991 • 27 citations

A radioenzymatic assay for quinolinic acid

1986 • 27 citations

Brain and Plasma Quinolinic Acid in Profound Insulin‐Induced Hypoglycemia

1990 • 25 citations

Effect of kynurenine loading on quinolinic acid production in the rat: Studies and

1988 • 25 citations

NMDA receptor agonists derived from ibotenic acid. Preparation, neuroexcitation and neurotoxicity

1990 • 25 citations

Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in alveolar interstitial cells of mouse lung by bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

1983 • 24 citations

Quinolinate in Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rat Models of Congenital Hyperammonemia

1992 • 24 citations

Synergistic effects of phorbol ester and INF-gamma on the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells.

1989 • 21 citations

Production of Quinolinic Acid and Kynurenic Acid by Human Glioma

1991 • 20 citations

The Mechanism of Kynurenine Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Kynureninase

1979 • 17 citations

Brain quinolinic acid in Alzheimer's dementia

1989 • 16 citations

Stereochemistry of the kynureninase reaction.

1985 • 16 citations

Kynureninase and Kynurenine 3-Hydroxylase in Mammalian Tissues

1991 • 15 citations

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase--with special reference to the mechanism of interferon action.

1985 • 15 citations

Isolation of L-Kynurenine 3-Hydroxylase from the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane of Rat Liver

1975 • 14 citations

Abnormally high activity of 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase in brain of epilepsy-prone El mice

1992 • 13 citations

4-Halo-3-Hydroxyanthranilates are Potent Inhibitors of 3-Hydroxyanthranilate Oxygenase in the Rat Brain in Vitro and in Vivo

1991 • 10 citations

The excitotoxicity of heterocyclic dicar☐yclic acids in rat hippocampal slices: structure-activity relationships

1992 • 10 citations

The effect of pyridoxine deficiency on the metabolism of the aromatic amino acids by isolated rat liver cells

1985 • 9 citations

Extracellular levels of quinolinic acid are moderately increased in rat neostriatum following severe insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia

1990 • 7 citations

Quinolinic acid in culture media used for in vitro neurotoxicology studies

1992 • 7 citations

Subcellular Distribution and Properties of Kynurenine Pyruvate Transaminase in Rat Kidney

1975 • 6 citations

Tryptophan degradation and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in MRC-5 fibroblasts

1989 • 5 citations

Application of Control Analysis to the Study of Amino Acid Metabolism

1990 • 4 citations

Quinolinic Acid Concentrations are Increased in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta) Naturally Infected with Simian Retrovirus Type

1991 • 2 citations

On Kynureninase Activity

1991 • 2 citations