Reactive Oxygen Species and the Central Nervous System

Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals in Postischemic Tissue Injury

1985 • 5,488 citations

Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease

1984 • 5,301 citations

[1] Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview

1990 • 5,041 citations

Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine

1990 • 4,962 citations

Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants

1997 • 4,454 citations

The Biology of Oxygen Radicals

1978 • 3,361 citations

Peroxynitrite oxidation of sulfhydryls.

1991 • 2,479 citations

Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now?

1992 • 2,223 citations

Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures.

1991 • 2,173 citations

Oxygen free radicals and iron in relation to biology and medicine: Some problems and concepts

1986 • 2,052 citations

DNA Damage and Oxygen Radical Toxicity

1988 • 1,964 citations

Neuronal NADPH diaphorase is a nitric oxide synthase.

1991 • 1,917 citations

Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma.

1989 • 1,876 citations

Continuous Monitoring ofin VztroOxidation of Human Low Density Lipoprotein

1989 • 1,824 citations

DNA damage by oxygen‐derived species Its mechanism and measurement in mammalian systems

1991 • 1,555 citations

Transition Metals, Ferritin, Glutathione, and Ascorbic Acid in Parkinsonian Brains

1989 • 1,367 citations

The antioxidants of human extracellular fluids

1990 • 1,352 citations

Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer disease.

1991 • 1,290 citations

Oxidative Stress: Oxidants and Antioxidants.

1992 • 1,193 citations

Oxidants and human disease: some new concepts ¹

1987 • 1,171 citations

Increased Nigral Iron Content and Alterations in Other Metal Ions Occurring in Brain in Parkinson's Disease

1989 • 1,117 citations

ALTERATIONS IN THE LEVELS OF IRON, FERRITIN AND OTHER TRACE METALS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND OTHER NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES AFFECTING THE BASAL GANGLIA

1991 • 1,012 citations

Superoxide dismutases

1989 • 953 citations

How to Characterize a Biological Antioxidant

1990 • 943 citations

Oxygen Poisoning and X-irradiation: A Mechanism in Common

1954 • 917 citations

Role of Ca2+ in toxic cell killing

1989 • 856 citations

Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase Characterization and purification from different cell types

1991 • 827 citations

Oxygen radicals and the nervous system

1985 • 822 citations

LIPID PEROXIDATION, OXYGEN RADICALS, CELL DAMAGE, AND ANTIOXIDANT THERAPY

1984 • 820 citations

A novel biologically active seleno-organic compound—1

1984 • 810 citations

Oxidative damage to brain proteins, loss of glutamine synthetase activity, and production of free radicals during ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to gerbil brain.

1990 • 787 citations

Reversal of age-related increase in brain protein oxidation, decrease in enzyme activity, and loss in temporal and spatial memory by chronic administration of the spin-trapping compound N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone.

1991 • 734 citations

The oxidative inactivation of mitochondrial electron transport chain components and ATPase.

1990 • 718 citations

Iron transport and storage

1987 • 688 citations

Anatomic and Disease Specificity of NADH CoQ₁ Reductase (Complex I) Deficiency in Parkinson's Disease

1990 • 676 citations

Oxygen radical mechanisms of brain injury following ischemia and reperfusion

1991 • 657 citations

Iron promoters of the Fenton reaction and lipid peroxidation can be released from haemoglobin by peroxides

1986 • 634 citations

Production of superoxide anions by a CNS macrophage, the microglia

1987 • 619 citations

Modulation of fibroblast proliferation by oxygen free radicals

1990 • 617 citations

A review of hemoglobin and the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm.

1991 • 585 citations

Antioxidant and pro-oxidant actions of the plant phenolics quercetin, gossypol and myricetin

1989 • 569 citations

Protection of substantia nigra from MPP+ neurotoxicity by N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists

1991 • 554 citations

Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology

1991 • 521 citations

Iron and Aluminum Increase in the Substantia Nigra of Patients with Parkinson's Disease: An X‐Ray Microanalysis

1991 • 518 citations

Selective Increase of Iron in Substantia Nigra Zona Compacta of Parkinsonian Brains

1991 • 516 citations

Superoxide sensitivity of the Escherichia coli aconitase.

1991 • 499 citations

Copper-ion-dependent damage to the bases in DNA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide

1991 • 487 citations

Protection against oxygen toxicity by intravenous injection of liposome-entrapped catalase and superoxide dismutase.

1984 • 478 citations

Novel 21-amino steroids as potent inhibitors of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation.

1987 • 474 citations

Selective accumulation of aluminum and iron in the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease: A laser microprobe (LAMMA) study

1992 • 474 citations

The double-edged role of nitric oxide in brain function and superoxide-mediated injury.

1991 • 471 citations

Vitamin E as an in Vitro and in Vivo Antioxidant^a

1989 • 447 citations

Glutathione deficiency leads to mitochondrial damage in brain.

1991 • 428 citations

Mechanisms of ischemic brain damage

1988 • 426 citations

Formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron. Is haemoglobin a biological Fenton reagent?

1988 • 408 citations

Protection against tissue damage in vivo by desferrioxamine: What is its mechanism of action?

1989 • 385 citations

Initiation of lipid peroxidation in biological systems

1987 • 385 citations

Immunohistochemical evidence of oxidative [corrected] stress in Alzheimer's disease.

1992 • 362 citations

Free radicals in liver injury

1987 • 338 citations

Mechanism of Kainate Toxicity to Cerebellar Neurons In Vitro Is Analogous to Reperfusion Tissue Injury

1987 • 334 citations

The measurement of free radical reactions in humans

1987 • 325 citations

Aluminium salts accelerate peroxidation of membrane lipids stimulated by iron salts

1985 • 313 citations

Exposure of endothelial cells to free heme potentiates damage mediated by granulocytes and toxic oxygen species.

1991 • 305 citations

Effects of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F on experimental head injury in mice

1988 • 296 citations

The antioxidant activity of haptoglobin towards haemoglobin-stimulated lipid peroxidation

1987 • 286 citations

Protective effects of liposome‐entrapped superoxide dismutase on posttraumatic brain edema

1987 • 283 citations

Antioxidant protection by haemopexin of haem-stimulated lipid peroxidation

1988 • 280 citations

Influence of Acidosis on Lipid Peroxidation in Brain Tissues in vitro

1985 • 278 citations

EPR spin-trapping study on the oxidizing species formed in the reaction of the ferrous ion with hydrogen peroxide

1991 • 274 citations

Reaction of No With O₂⁻. Implications for the Action of Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor (EDRF)

1990 • 273 citations

Hemoglobin potentiates central nervous system damage.

1987 • 262 citations

A yeast mutant lacking mitochondrial manganese-superoxide dismutase is hypersensitive to oxygen.

1986 • 262 citations

Superoxide sensitivity of the Escherichia coli 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase

1991 • 259 citations

Oxygen Radicals and Tissue Injury

1997 • 257 citations

Superoxide-dependent and ascorbate-dependent formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron. Are lactoferrin and transferrin promoters of hydroxyl-radical generation?

1987 • 253 citations

Oxidation reactions in Parkinson's disease.

1990 • 246 citations

Genotoxicity of active oxygen species in mammalian cells

1988 • 244 citations

Identification of Hypoxanthine Transport and Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Brain Capillaries

1985 • 239 citations

Superoxide dismutase-rich bacteria. Paradoxical increase in oxidant toxicity.

1987 • 238 citations

Manganese poisoning and the attack of trivalent manganese upon catecholamines

1987 • 235 citations

ESR spin-trapping studies on the reaction of Fe2+ ions with H2O2-reactive species in oxygen toxicity in biology.

1990 • 226 citations

Action of lead(II) and aluminium(III) ions on iron-stimulated lipid peroxidation in liposomes, erythrocytes and rat liver microsomal fractions

1988 • 226 citations

Caeruloplasmin: Physiological and Pathological Perspectives

1981 • 222 citations

Down's syndrome: Abnormal neuromuscular junction in tongue of transgenic mice with elevated levels of human Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase

1988 • 220 citations

RAISED CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID COPPER CONCENTRATION IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE

1987 • 215 citations

The mechanism of initiation of lipid peroxidation. Evidence against a requirement for an iron(II)-iron(III) complex

1989 • 212 citations

Excitatory Amino Acid Release from Rat Hippocampal Slices as a Consequence of Free‐Radical Formation

1988 • 210 citations

Xanthine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide contributes to ischemia reperfusion-induced edema in gerbil brains.

1988 • 208 citations

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

1987 • 204 citations

Oxidative stress as a cause of Parkinson's disease

1991 • 203 citations

Intranigral Iron Injection Induces Behavioral and Biochemical “Parkinsonism” in Rats

1991 • 194 citations

The Inhibition of Lipid Autoxidation by Human Serum and its Relation to Serum Proteins and α-Tocopherol

1974 • 188 citations

Iron and oxygen radicals in brain

1992 • 186 citations

Oxidative mechanisms underlying methyl mercury neurotoxicity

1991 • 183 citations

Cerebral and Ocular Toxicity Induced by Desferrioxamine

1985 • 179 citations

Mechanisms of oxidant injury of cells

1991 • 177 citations

Effects of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F on posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia in cats

1988 • 176 citations

Stimulation of endogenous endonuclease activity in hepatocytes exposed to oxidative stress

1988 • 174 citations

Breathing 100% oxygen after global brain ischemia in Mongolian Gerbils results in increased lipid peroxidation and increased mortality.

1987 • 171 citations

Free radicals in biology and medicine, second edition

1991 • 163 citations

Oxygen radicals: Common mediators of neurotoxicity

1991 • 158 citations

Identification of a globin free radical in equine myoglobin treated with peroxides

1991 • 149 citations

ALUMINIUM, CHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGY, AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

1988 • 142 citations

Attenuation of postischemic cerebral hypoperfusion by the 21-aminosteroid U74006F.

1988 • 139 citations

Pathology of Oxygen Toxicity

1983 • 136 citations

Pathology of oxygen toxicity

1982 • 136 citations

Selective vulnerability of glutathione metabolism and cellular defense mechanisms in rat striatum to manganese.

1988 • 135 citations

Iron depletion: A defense against intracellular infection and neoplasia

1992 • 134 citations

Serum iron and neuroleptic malignant syndrome

1991 • 131 citations

Invited Commentary:Superoxide, Iron, Vascular Endothelium and Reperfusion Injury

1989 • 128 citations

Neurochemical, neurophysiological, and neuropathological studies in vitamin E deficiency.

1990 • 124 citations

Evidence for superoxide radical-dependent coronary vasospasm after angioplasty in intact dogs.

1991 • 120 citations

Excitatory amino acids and anoxic/ischaemic brain damage

1985 • 118 citations

Copper-phenanthroline-induced site-specific oxygen-radical damage to DNA. Detection of loosely bound trace copper in biological fluids

1984 • 114 citations

On the limited ability of superoxide to release iron from ferritin

1990 • 114 citations

Detection of Myoglobin-Derived Radicals On Reaction of Metmyoglobin With Hydrogen Peroxide and Other Peroxidic Compounds

1990 • 113 citations

Oxidative Damage to Behavior During Aging

1991 • 112 citations

Focal epileptogenesis after intracortical hemoglobin injection

1979 • 108 citations

Neuronal-specific expression of human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene in transgenic mice: animal model of gene dosage effects in Down's syndrome

1991 • 105 citations

Brain iron : neurochemical and behavioural aspects

1988 • 103 citations

Reduced neurotoxicity in transgenic mice overexpressing human copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase.

1990 • 103 citations

Prevention of Reperfusion Injury of the Ischemic Spinal Cord: Use of Recombinant Superoxide Dismutase

1986 • 102 citations

Generation of superoxide anion by brain endothelial cell xanthine oxidase

1991 • 100 citations

Endocytosis of superoxide dismutase is required in order for the enzyme to protect hepatocytes from the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide.

1988 • 98 citations

Free radical production and ischemic brain damage: Influence of postischemic oxygen tension

1991 • 97 citations

Free radicals mediate actions of oxyhemoglobin on cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells.

1991 • 97 citations

Bleomycin‐detectable iron in serum from leukaemic patients before and after chemotherapy Therapeutic implications for treatment with oxidant‐generating drugs

1988 • 94 citations

The role of iron-induced hippocampal peroxidation in acute epileptogenesis

1986 • 93 citations

A Novel biologically active seleno-organic compound-I, glutathione peroxidase-like activity in vitro and antioxidant capacity of PZ51 (ebselen)

1984 • 93 citations

Interaction between free radicals and excitatory amino acids in the formation of ischemic brain edema in rats.

1991 • 91 citations

Biochemical mechanisms of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity

1991 • 90 citations

Effect of acidosis and anoxia on iron delocalization from brain homogenates

1992 • 89 citations

Free radicals accelerate the decay of long-term potentiation in field CA1 of guinea-pig hippocampus

1991 • 89 citations

Aluminum(III) facilitates the oxidation of NADH by the superoxide anion

1992 • 88 citations

Reducing postischemic paraplegia using conjugated superoxide dismutase

1991 • 88 citations

Decreased [3H]serotonin and [3H]spiperone binding consequent to lipid peroxidation in rat cortical membranes

1982 • 81 citations

Inactivation of mammalian brain glutamine synthetase by oxygen radicals

1988 • 75 citations

Model study on the bioreduction of paraquat, MPP+, and analogs. Evidence against a “redox cycling” mechanism in MPTP neurotoxicity

1987 • 74 citations

Neurotoxins, parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease

1987 • 73 citations

Iron in the brain: implications for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.

1988 • 71 citations

The mechanism of pH-dependent hydrogen peroxide cytotoxicity in vitro

1988 • 71 citations

Intraarticular ferritin‐bound iron in rheumatoid arthritis: A factor that increases oxygen free radical‐induced tissue destruction

1986 • 68 citations

Systemic administration of antioxidants does not protect mice against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)

1986 • 68 citations

Increased free intracellular Ca2+ by toxic agents: an index of potential neurotoxicity?

1988 • 65 citations

Xanthine oxidase is not a major source of free radicals in focal cerebral ischemia

1991 • 62 citations

The Molecular Genetics of Superoxide Dismutase inE. Coli. An Approach to Understanding the Biological Role and Regulation of Sods in Relation to Other Elements of the Defence System Against Oxygen Toxicity

1989 • 61 citations

Deoxynucleoside and vitamin transport into the central nervous system.

1984 • 59 citations

Efflux of protons from acidic vesicles contributes to cytosolic acidification of hepatocytes during ATP depletion

1991 • 58 citations

Effect of U74006F on forebrain ischemia in rats.

1991 • 58 citations

Calcium, Excitotoxins, and Brain Damage

1990 • 56 citations

Human Fibroblasts Release Reactive Oxygen Species in Response to Treatment with Synovial Fluids from Patients Suffering from Arthritis

1990 • 55 citations

The action of hydrogen peroxide on paired pulse and long-term potentiation in the hippocampus

1989 • 54 citations

Acidosis protects against lethal oxidative injury of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

1991 • 53 citations

Pretreatment with U74006F improves neurologic outcome following complete cerebral ischemia in dogs.

1991 • 52 citations

Manganese ions, oxidation reactions and the superoxide radical.

1984 • 51 citations

Prevention of H2O2 generation by monoamine oxidase protects against CNS O2 toxicity

1991 • 50 citations

Biochemistry of the neurotoxic action of MPTP: or how a faulty batch of ‘designer drug’ led to parkinsonism in drug abusers

1987 • 49 citations

Down syndrome clinical symptoms are manifested in transfected cells and transgenic mice overexpressing the human Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene.

1990 • 48 citations

Phospholipid peroxidation induced by the catechol-Fe3+(Cu2+) complex: A possible mechanism of nigrostriatal cell damage

1990 • 48 citations

Review Article the B Lymphocyte: A Newly Recognized Source of Reactive Oxygen Species with Immunoregulatory Potential

1990 • 47 citations

Inhibitory Effects of Ebselen on Lipid Peroxidation in Rat Liver Microsomes

1986 • 47 citations

Nonsteroidal lazaroid U78517F in models of focal and global ischemia.

1990 • 42 citations

Ca2+-mediated activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase occurs via release of Fe2+ from rat liver mitochondria.

1982 • 40 citations

Non-Caeruloplasmin Copper and Ferroxidase Activity in Mammalian Serum. Ferroxidase Activity and Phenanthroline-Detectable Copper in Human Serum in Wilson's Disease

1989 • 40 citations

Effect of chlorpromazine on central nervous system concentrations of manganese, iron, and copper

1977 • 39 citations

Dendritic Alterations in Rat Isocortex within an Iron-induced Chronic Epileptic Focus

1980 • 38 citations

The Myoglobin-Derived Radical Formed on Reaction of Metmyoglobin with Hydrogen Peroxide is not a Tyrosine Peroxyl Radical

1992 • 37 citations

Attenuation of hemorrhagic shock by the non-glucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid U74006F

1988 • 37 citations

Iron, transferrin, and ferritin in cerebrospinal fluid of children

1991 • 34 citations

Invited Commentary:Concepts Related to the Study of Reactive Oxygen and Cardiac Reperfusion Injury

1989 • 34 citations

Aluminum uptake and toxicity in cultured mouse hepatocytes.

1991 • 30 citations

The Molecular Genetics of Superoxide Dismutase inE. Coli

1991 • 24 citations

Association of Antioxidant Systems in the Protection of Human Fibroblasts Against Oxygen Derived Free Radicals

1991 • 22 citations

Quicker metabolic recovery after forebrain ischemia in rats treated with the antioxidant U74006F.

1991 • 22 citations

Bleomycin-detectable iron and phenanthroline-detectable copper in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses

1988 • 22 citations

The Effect of Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase Generated Reactive Oxygen Species on Synaptic Transmission

1991 • 21 citations

Oxidation of Dimethylsulphoxide to Formaldehyde by Oxyhaemoglobin and Oxyleghaemoglobin in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide is Not Mediated by “Free” Hydroxyl Radicals

1989 • 19 citations

Polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase fails to blunt postischemic reactive hyperemia

1991 • 16 citations

21‐Aminosteroids Interact with the Dopamine Transporter to Protect Against 1‐Methyl‐4‐Phenylpyridinium‐Induced Neurotoxicity

1992 • 15 citations

Guanyl nucleotide interactions with dopaminergic binding sites labeled by [3H]spiroperidol in human caudate and putamen: guanyl nucleotides enhance ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and cause an apparent loss of high affinity binding sites.

1988 • 14 citations

The neurotoxic component in Parkinson’s disease may involve iron-melanin interaction and lipid peroxidation in the substantia nigra

1990 • 12 citations

Aluminum Salts Stimulate Luminol-Enhanced Chemiluminescence Production by Human Neutrophils

1991 • 12 citations

The Role of Mixed Function Oxidase (Mfo) in the Metabolism of the Spin Trapping Agent α-Phenyl-N-Tert-Butyl-Nitrone (Pbn) in RATS

1991 • 12 citations

Molecular Biology and Pathology

1993 • 12 citations

MR imaging of putamenal iron predicts response to dopaminergic therapy in parkinsonian patients

1990 • 11 citations

Quantitative autoradiographic distribution of [3H]-MPTP binding in the brains of superoxide dismutase transgenic mice

1991 • 7 citations

APPLICATION OF NEW ASSAYS FOR MEASURING FREE RADICAL PRODUCTION TO HUMAN RHEUMATOID PATIENTS

1991 • 2 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations