THE LYSOSOMAL CYSTEINE PROTEASES

MOLSCRIPT: a program to produce both detailed and schematic plots of protein structures

1991 • 14,222 citations

The protein data bank: A computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures

1977 • 8,627 citations

On the size of the active site in proteases. I. Papain

1967 • 5,150 citations

Pycnodysostosis, a Lysosomal Disease Caused by Cathepsin K Deficiency

1996 • 1,003 citations

Cysteine Proteases and Their Inhibitors

1997 • 720 citations

Cathepsin K, but Not Cathepsins B, L, or S, Is Abundantly Expressed in Human Osteoclasts

1996 • 706 citations

Cathepsin L: Critical Role in Ii Degradation and CD4 T Cell Selection in the Thymus

1998 • 654 citations

The refined 2.15 A X-ray crystal structure of human liver cathepsin B: the structural basis for its specificity.

1991 • 595 citations

Essential Role for Cathepsin S in MHC Class II–Associated Invariant Chain Processing and Peptide Loading

1996 • 523 citations

Structure of papain refined at 1.65 Å resolution

1984 • 508 citations

Vinyl Sulfones as Mechanism-Based Cysteine Protease Inhibitors

1995 • 496 citations

The refined 2.4 A X-ray crystal structure of recombinant human stefin B in complex with the cysteine proteinase papain: a novel type of proteinase inhibitor interaction.

1990 • 492 citations

Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor Promotes Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Mediators of Signal Transduction That Contain SH2 Domains

1995 • 480 citations

Structure of Papain

1968 • 473 citations

Human Cathepsin O2, a Matrix Protein-degrading Cysteine Protease Expressed in Osteoclasts

1996 • 427 citations

Alignment/Phylogeny of the Papain Superfamily of Cysteine Proteases

1995 • 387 citations

Structure of human procathepsin L reveals the molecular basis of inhibition by the prosegment.

1996 • 379 citations

Binding of chloromethyl ketone substrate analogs to crystalline papain

1976 • 352 citations

Molecular cloning of a possible cysteine proteinase predominantly expressed in osteoclasts.

1994 • 340 citations

Ionisation of Cysteine Residues at the Termini of Model α-Helical Peptides. Relevance to Unusual Thiol pKaValues in Proteins of the Thioredoxin Family

1995 • 314 citations

Cathepsin S activity regulates antigen presentation and immunity.

1998 • 307 citations

Cross-Class Inhibition of the Cysteine Proteinases Cathepsins K, L, and S by the Serpin Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen 1: A Kinetic Analysis

1998 • 279 citations

The Crystal Structure of Cruzain: A Therapeutic Target for Chagas' Disease

1995 • 264 citations

Revised Definition of Substrate Binding Sites of Papain-Like Cysteine Proteases

1998 • 243 citations

Human Cathepsin O2, a Novel Cysteine Protease Highly Expressed in Osteoclastomas and Ovary Molecular Cloning, Sequencing and Tissue Distribution

1995 • 241 citations

Reactivity and Ionization of the Active Site Cysteine Residues of DsbA, a Protein Required for Disulfide Bond Formation in vivo

1994 • 239 citations

Inhibitors of the major cysteinyl proteinase (GP57/51) impair host cell invasion and arrest the intracellular development of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro

1992 • 220 citations

The osteoclast-associated protease cathepsin K is expressed in human breast carcinoma.

1997 • 218 citations

Cysteine proteinases and metastasis

1984 • 211 citations

Cathepsin S from bovine spleen. Purification, distribution, intracellular localization and action on proteins

1989 • 211 citations

Structural determinants of specificity in the cysteine protease cruzain

1997 • 195 citations

Potency and Selectivity of the Cathepsin L Propeptide as an Inhibitor of Cysteine Proteases

1996 • 193 citations

Degradation of Mouse Invariant Chain: Roles of Cathepsins S and D and the Influence of Major Histocompatibility Complex Polymorphism

1997 • 188 citations

Crystal structure of cathepsin B inhibited with CA030 at 2.0-.ANG. resolution: A basis for the design of specific epoxysuccinyl inhibitors

1995 • 177 citations

Cathepsin B and human tumor progression.

1998 • 173 citations

Structure of rat procathepsin B: model for inhibition of cysteine protease activity by the proregion

1996 • 170 citations

Crystal structure of porcine cathepsin H determined at 2.1 å resolution: location of the mini-chain C-terminal carboxyl group defines cathepsin H aminopeptidase function

1998 • 166 citations

Peptide-fluoromethyl ketones arrest intracellular replication and intercellular transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi

1993 • 163 citations

Major Increase in Endopeptidase Activity of Human Cathepsin B upon Removal of Occluding Loop Contacts

1997 • 160 citations

Functional expression of human cathepsin S in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification and characterization of the recombinant enzyme.

1993 • 159 citations

Cystatin-like cysteine proteinase inhibitors from human liver

1984 • 152 citations

Crystal structure of a papain-E-64 complex

1989 • 150 citations

Cathepsin L2, a novel human cysteine proteinase produced by breast and colorectal carcinomas.

1998 • 144 citations

Peptidyl vinyl sulphones: a new class of potent and selective cysteine protease inhibitors: S2P2 specificity of human cathepsin O2 in comparison with cathepsins S and L

1996 • 139 citations

Mercaptide—imidazolium ion‐pair: The reactive nucleophile in papain catalysis

1974 • 139 citations

Crystal structures of human procathepsin B at 3.2 and 3.3 Å resolution reveal an interaction motif between a papain‐like cysteine protease and its propeptide

1996 • 139 citations

Contribution of the glutamine 19 side chain to transition-state stabilization in the oxyanion hole of papain

1991 • 133 citations

Plasmodium falciparum: Effects of Proteinase Inhibitors on Globin Hydrolysis by Cultured Malaria Parasites

1995 • 131 citations

Participation of cathepsin L on bone resorption

1993 • 130 citations

Über die Proteasen der Magenschleimhaut. Erste Abhandlung über die Enzyme der Leukocyten.

1929 • 129 citations

The specificity of bovine spleen cathepsin S. A comparison with rat liver cathepsins L and B

1989 • 128 citations

Oligomeric Structure and Substrate Induced Inhibition of Human Cathepsin C

1995 • 125 citations

[43] Cathepsin D from porcine and bovine spleen

1981 • 124 citations

Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors Decrease Articular Cartilage and Bone Destruction in Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis

1994 • 124 citations

The crystal structure of human cathepsin L complexed with E‐64

1997 • 124 citations

A protein engineering study of the role of aspartate 158 in the catalytic mechanism of papain

1990 • 123 citations

Design of potent and selective human cathepsin K inhibitors that span the active site

1997 • 119 citations

X‐ray crystallographic structure of a papain‐leupeptin complex

1993 • 118 citations

[13] Crystallographic refinement by simulated annealing: Methods and applications

1997 • 115 citations

Crystal structure of the wild-type human procathepsin B at 2.5 Å resolution reveals the native active site of a papain-like cysteine protease zymogen

1997 • 109 citations

The prosequence of procaricain forms an α-helical domain that prevents access to the substrate-binding cleft

1996 • 107 citations

Identification and characterization of the functional amino acids at the active center of pig liver thioltransferase by site-directed mutagenesis

1991 • 107 citations

Structure and Design of Potent and Selective Cathepsin K Inhibitors

1997 • 106 citations

Suppression by cathepsin L inhibitors of the invasion of amnion membranes by murine cancer cells.

1989 • 103 citations

[42] Cathepsin G

1981 • 101 citations

[42] Crystalline leucine aminopeptidase from lens (α-aminoacyl-peptide hydrolase; EC 3.4.11.1)

1976 • 100 citations

Linkage of pycnodysostosis to chromosome 1q21 by homozygosity mapping

1995 • 97 citations

A Classical Enzyme Active Center Motif Lacks Catalytic Competence until Modulated Electrostatically

1997 • 96 citations

Engineering the S2 subsite specificity of human cathepsin S to a cathepsin L- and cathepsin B-like specificity.

1994 • 89 citations

Crystallographic refinement of the structure of actinidin at 1.7 Å resolution by fast Fourier least-squares methods

1980 • 85 citations

Characterization of the substrate specificity of the major cysteine protease (cruzipain) from Trypanosoma cruzi using a portion-mixing combinatorial library and fluorogenic peptides

1997 • 85 citations

Crystal structure of human cathepsin S

1998 • 76 citations

The active site of papain

1989 • 75 citations

Cathepsin B-like cysteine proteinase-deficient mutants of Leishmania mexicana

1997 • 72 citations

Cathepsin S The cysteine proteinase from bovine lymphoid tissue is distinct from cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15)

1986 • 72 citations

Refined x-ray structure of papain.E-64-c complex at 2.1-A resolution

1991 • 70 citations

Abnormal expression of lysosomal cysteine proteinases in muscle wasting diseases

1987 • 64 citations

Structure of monoclinic papain at 1.60 Å resolution

1992 • 59 citations

Acid sulphydryl protease from calf lymph nodes

1975 • 59 citations

Determination of the structure of papaya protease omega

1991 • 58 citations

Crystal Structure of Glycyl Endopeptidase from Carica papaya: A Cysteine Endopeptidase of Unusual Substrate Specificity

1995 • 58 citations

Differential distribution of messenger RNAs for cathepsins B, L and S in adult rat brain: An in situ hybridization study

1994 • 56 citations

Binding Mode of CA074, a Specific Irreversible Inhibitor, to Bovine Cathepsin B as Determined by X-Ray Crystal Analysis of the Complex

1997 • 55 citations

Cathepsin B-like activity predominates over cathepsin L-like activity in adult Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum

1997 • 54 citations

Structure of Chymopapain at 1.7 Å Resolution

1996 • 53 citations

Cathepsin, a major protease of the marine sponge Geodia cydonium: purification of the enzyme and molecular cloning of cDNA.

1997 • 47 citations

Substrate/propeptide‐derived endo‐epoxysuccinyl peptides as highly potent and selective cathepsin B inhibitors

1998 • 44 citations

Importance of hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the side chain of Asp158 in the catalytic mechanism of papain

1991 • 43 citations

Crystal and molecular structure of the sulfhydryl protease calotropin DI at 3·2 Å resolution

1982 • 38 citations

High level expression and crystallization of recombinant human cathepsin S

1996 • 37 citations

Ionization characteristics of the Cys-25/His-159 interactive system and of the modulatory group of papain: resolution of ambiguity by electronic perturbation of the quasi-2-mercaptopyridine leaving group in a new pyrimidyl disulphide reactivity probe

1993 • 37 citations

Natural structural variation in enzymes as a tool in the study of mechanism exemplified by a comparison of the catalytic-site structure and characteristics of cathepsin B and papain. pH-dependent kinetics of the reactions of cathepsin B from bovine spleen and from rat liver with a thiol-specific two-protonic-state probe (2,2′-dipyridyl disulphide) and with a specific synthetic substrate (N-α-benzyloxycarbonyl-<scp>l</scp>-arginyl-<scp>l</scp>-arginine 2-naphthylamide)

1984 • 35 citations

Crystal structure of a caricain D158E mutant in complex with E‐64

1996 • 33 citations

Cathepsins J and K: High molecular weight cysteine proteinases from human tissues

1984 • 31 citations

Purification and Characterization of Cathepsin L-Like Enzyme from the Muscle of Anchovy, Engraulis japonica

1997 • 31 citations

High-affinity binding of two molecules of cysteine proteinases to low-molecular-weight kininogen

1995 • 31 citations

Crystal structure of papain-succinyl-Gln-Val-Val-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide complex at 1.7-.ANG. resolution: noncovalent binding mode of a common sequence of endogenous thiol protease inhibitors

1992 • 30 citations

Characterization of a cathepsin‐H‐like enzyme from a human melanoma cell line

1991 • 27 citations

S-S bridges of cathepsin B and H from bovine spleen: a basis for cathepsin B model building and possible functional implications for discrimination between exo- and endopeptidase activities among cathepsins B, H and L.

1991 • 24 citations

Delineating functionally important regions and residues in the cathepsin B propeptide for inhibitory activity

1996 • 23 citations

Crystal structures of recombinant rat cathepsin B and a cathepsin B-inhibitor complex.

1995 • 22 citations

Characterization of the Electrostatic Perturbation of a Catalytic Site (Cys)-S–/(His)-Im+H Ion-pair in One Type of Serine Proteinase Architecture by Kinetic and Computational Studies on Chemically Mutated Subtilisin Variants

1996 • 21 citations

Catalysis of Amide Hydrolysis and Formation under Neutral Conditions by a Zwitterionic Imidazolium Thiolate

1994 • 19 citations

Affinity Isolation and Characterization of the Cathepsin B-like Proteinase Sj31 from Schistosoma japonicum

1997 • 16 citations

Disulfide Bridges of Boviae Spleen Cathepsin B

1990 • 13 citations

Ultrastructural localization of cathepsin B in gingival tissue from chronic periodontitis patients.

1997 • 12 citations

Intracellular hydrolases of Aspergillus, parasiticus and Aspergillus, flavus

1989 • 11 citations

The binding mode of an E-64 analog to the active site of cathepsin B

1996 • 9 citations

Structural requirements for cathepsin B and cathepsin H inhibition by kininogens

1996 • 7 citations