What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?

The expression of the emotions in man and animals.

1872 • 11,160 citations

Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.

1977 • 10,326 citations

A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward

1997 • 8,991 citations

An argument for basic emotions

1992 • 8,461 citations

Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.

1980 • 7,533 citations

The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction

1993 • 7,074 citations

Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats.

1988 • 4,617 citations

The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis

1939 • 4,304 citations

The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life

2004 • 4,130 citations

Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions

1998 • 4,022 citations

The rat nervous system

1985 • 3,774 citations

Affective Neuroscience

1998 • 3,626 citations

Deciding Advantageously Before Knowing the Advantageous Strategy

1997 • 3,454 citations

II.—WHAT IS AN EMOTION ?

1884 • 3,055 citations

Conditioned Reflexes: An Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral Cortex.

1930 • 2,750 citations

The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions.

1994 • 2,737 citations

A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction.

1987 • 2,704 citations

Drug Abuse: Hedonic Homeostatic Dysregulation

1997 • 2,472 citations

Back to Bentham? Explorations of Experienced Utility

1997 • 2,456 citations

What is an emotion

1977 • 2,254 citations

A framework for mesencephalic dopamine systems based on predictive Hebbian learning

1996 • 2,003 citations

Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion

1999 • 1,997 citations

Brain Dopamine and Reward

1989 • 1,899 citations

Food reward: Brain substrates of wanting and liking

1996 • 1,831 citations

Phasic versus tonic dopamine release and the modulation of dopamine system responsivity: A hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia

1991 • 1,819 citations

An opponent-process theory of motivation: I. Temporal dynamics of affect.

1974 • 1,644 citations

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology

2002 • 1,620 citations

The amygdala: Neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory, and mental dysfunction.

1992 • 1,517 citations

Goal-directed instrumental action: contingency and incentive learning and their cortical substrates

1998 • 1,498 citations

Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning.

1967 • 1,474 citations

Physiological Role of Pleasure

1971 • 1,462 citations

When More Pain Is Preferred to Less: Adding a Better End

1993 • 1,430 citations

Double Dissociation of Conditioning and Declarative Knowledge Relative to the Amygdala and Hippocampus in Humans

1995 • 1,386 citations

Physiological and behavioral responses to corticotropin-releasing factor administration: is CRF a mediator of anxiety or stress responses?

1990 • 1,362 citations

The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: burst firing

1984 • 1,326 citations

Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems

1996 • 1,298 citations

The Basal Ganglia and Adaptive Motor Control

1994 • 1,295 citations

Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task

1993 • 1,279 citations

Adipsia and Aphagia after 6‐Hydroxydopamine Induced Degeneration of the Nigro‐striatal Dopamine System

1971 • 1,271 citations

Acute Effects of Cocaine on Human Brain Activity and Emotion

1997 • 1,263 citations

A circuitry model of the expression of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine-like psychostimulants

1997 • 1,234 citations

Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game

1998 • 1,233 citations

Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of Novelty Seeking

1996 • 1,207 citations

Pavlovian conditioning: It's not what you think it is.

1988 • 1,201 citations

Thinking too much: Introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions.

1991 • 1,197 citations

Specificity in the projection patterns of accumbal core and shell in the rat

1991 • 1,186 citations

Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation

1996 • 1,177 citations

Pavlovian conditioning: It's not what you think it is.

1988 • 1,170 citations

The taste reactivity test. I. Mimetic responses to gustatory stimuli in neurologically normal rats

1978 • 1,170 citations

Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals

1898 • 1,165 citations

Progressive Ratio as a Measure of Reward Strength

1961 • 1,108 citations

Affect, cognition, and awareness: Affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures.

1993 • 1,093 citations

Classical Conditioning and Brain Systems: The Role of Awareness

1998 • 1,091 citations

Neurobiology of addiction

1996 • 1,082 citations

Reinforcement, expectancy, and learning.

1972 • 1,057 citations

Affect, cognition, and awareness: Affective priming with optimal and suboptimal stimulus exposures.

1993 • 1,050 citations

The behavioural and motor consequences of focal lesions of the basal ganglia in man

1994 • 1,048 citations

Neuroleptics and operant behavior: The anhedonia hypothesis

1982 • 1,021 citations

Responses of monkey dopamine neurons during learning of behavioral reactions

1992 • 986 citations

Emotion

1982 • 986 citations

Motivational control of goal-directed action

1994 • 980 citations

Thinking too much: Introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions.

1991 • 943 citations

Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook

1992 • 890 citations

Quantitative Variation of Incentive and Performance in the White Rat

1942 • 881 citations

The lateral hypothalamic syndrome: Recovery of feeding and drinking after lateral hypothalamic lesions.

1962 • 880 citations

Elements of a two-process theory of learning

1975 • 850 citations

The role of dopamine in locomotor activity and learning

1983 • 849 citations

Decreased striatal dopaminergic responsiveness in detoxified cocaine-dependent subjects

1997 • 843 citations

International review of studies on emotion

1991 • 843 citations

Preferential activation of midbrain dopamine neurons by appetitive rather than aversive stimuli

1996 • 826 citations

From normal fear to pathological anxiety.

1998 • 812 citations

Addictive Drugs and Brain Stimulation Reward

1996 • 777 citations

Dopamine neurons and their role in reward mechanisms

1997 • 757 citations

Neuronal activity in monkey ventral striatum related to the expectation of reward

1992 • 755 citations

How adaptive behavior is produced: a perceptual-motivational alternative to response reinforcements

1978 • 735 citations

APPETITES AND AVERSIONS AS CONSTITUENTS OF INSTINCTS

1918 • 695 citations

Behavioral Studies of Pavlovian Conditioning

1988 • 692 citations

The physiology of motivation.

1954 • 663 citations

Involvement of the amygdala in stimulus-reward associations: Interaction with the ventral striatum

1989 • 662 citations

Neuroleptic-Induced "Anhedonia" in Rats: Pimozide Blocks Reward Quality of Food

1978 • 643 citations

Sexual motivation: A neural and behavioural analysis of the mechanisms underlying appetitive and copulatory responses of male rats

1990 • 642 citations

Nigrostriatal bundle damage and the lateral hypothalamic syndrome.

1974 • 632 citations

The role of dopamine in drug abuse viewed from the perspective of its role in motivation

1995 • 632 citations

Food reward and cocaine increase extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens as measured by microdialysis

1988 • 619 citations

Neural Mechanisms of Drug Reinforcementa

1992 • 610 citations

New concepts in cocaine addiction: The dopamine depletion hypothesis

1985 • 608 citations

The taste reactivity test. II. Mimetic responses to gustatory stimuli in chronic thalamic and chronic decerebrate rats

1978 • 582 citations

The involvement of nucleus accumbens dopamine in appetitive and aversive motivation

1994 • 580 citations

Building action repertoires: memory and learning functions of the basal ganglia

1995 • 565 citations

Heroin and cocaine intravenous self-administration in rats: Mediation by separate neural systems

1982 • 560 citations

A motivational view of learning, performance, and behavior modification.

1974 • 559 citations

The mesolimbic dopamine system : from motivation to action

1991 • 555 citations

Importance of unpredictability for reward responses in primate dopamine neurons

1994 • 543 citations

A rapid method for the regional dissection of the rat brain

1980 • 540 citations

Increased Lever Pressing for Amphetamine After Pimozide in Rats: Implications for a Dopamine Theory of Reward

1975 • 536 citations

Marked inhibition of mesolimbic dopamine release: a common feature of ethanol, morphine, cocaine and amphetamine abstinence in rats

1992 • 525 citations

Behavioral functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine: Empirical and conceptual problems with the anhedonia hypothesis

1997 • 525 citations

The basolateral amygdala-ventral striatal system and conditioned place preference: Further evidence of limbic-striatal interactions underlying reward-related processes

1991 • 507 citations

Postcocaine anhedonia. An animal model of cocaine withdrawal.

1991 • 505 citations

Human Facial Expressions in Response to Taste and Smell Stimulation

1979 • 501 citations

Opposite Modulation of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior by D ₁ - and D ₂ -Like Dopamine Receptor Agonists

1996 • 493 citations

Blockade of cocaine reinforcement in rats with the dopamine receptor blocker pimozide, but not with the noradrenergic blockers phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine.

1977 • 490 citations

Contemporary Learning Theories: Pavlovian Conditioning and the Status of Traditional Learning Theory

1991 • 484 citations

Burst firing in midbrain dopaminergic neurons

1997 • 482 citations

A biological theory of reinforcement.

1967 • 472 citations

Limbic-striatal interactions in reward-related processes

1989 • 463 citations

Interactions between the amygdala and ventral striatum in stimulus-reward associations: Studies using a second-order schedule of sexual reinforcement

1989 • 455 citations

THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF MOTOR CORTEX, NIGROSTRIATAL DOPAMINE AND CAUDATE-PUTAMEN TO SKILLED FORELIMB USE IN THE RAT

1986 • 454 citations

Anhedonia or anergia? Effects of haloperidol and nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion on instrumental response selection in a T-maze cost/benefit procedure

1994 • 446 citations

Haloperidol and nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion suppress lever pressing for food but increase free food consumption in a novel food choice procedure

1991 • 417 citations

Effect of the Nigrostriatal Dopamine System on Acquired Neural Responses in the Striatum of Behaving Monkeys

1994 • 414 citations

Chronically Decerebrate Rats Demonstrate Satiation But Not Bait Shyness

1978 • 413 citations

Sensory Neglect Produced by Lateral Hypothalamic Damage

1971 • 407 citations

Fluctuations in nucleus accumbens dopamine concentration during intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats

1995 • 401 citations

Dopamine functions in appetitive and defensive behaviours

1992 • 396 citations

Addictive drugs as reinforcers: multiple partial actions on memory systems

1996 • 394 citations

Sensory Pleasure

1979 • 393 citations

Glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell control feeding behavior via the lateral hypothalamus

1995 • 390 citations

Selective activation of dopamine transmission in the shell of the nucleus accumbens by stress

1995 • 390 citations

Temporal and spatial characteristics of tonically active neurons of the primate's striatum

1995 • 388 citations

A Critique of Fixed and Progressive Ratio Schedules Used to Examine the Neural Substrates of Drug Reinforcement

1997 • 387 citations

Role of Lymphotoxin and the Type I TNF Receptor in the Formation of Germinal Centers

1996 • 386 citations

Disrupted latent inhibition in the rat with chronic amphetamine or haloperidol-induced supersensitivity: relationship to schizophrenic attention disorder.

1981 • 385 citations

Neuropharmacological Mechanisms of Drug Reward: Beyond Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens

1998 • 382 citations

Responses to reward in monkey dorsal and ventral striatum

1991 • 382 citations

Responses of midbrain dopamine neurons to behavioral trigger stimuli in the monkey

1986 • 382 citations

Essentials of Behavior

1952 • 381 citations

Differential Influence of Associative and Nonassociative Learning Mechanisms on the Responsiveness of Prefrontal and Accumbal Dopamine Transmission to Food Stimuli in Rats FedAd Libitum

1997 • 374 citations

Attenuation of intravenous amphetamine reinforcement by central dopamine blockade in rats

1976 • 371 citations

Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals.

1898 • 364 citations

Behavioural, biochemical and histochemical effects of different neurotoxic amino acids injected into nucleus basalis magnocellularis of rats

1987 • 352 citations

Dopamine neurons of the monkey midbrain: contingencies of responses to active touch during self-initiated arm movements

1990 • 350 citations

Sexual behavior increases dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of male rats: Comparison with novelty and locomotion.

1992 • 350 citations

A motivational learning hypothesis of the role of mesolimbic dopamine in compulsive drug use

1998 • 346 citations

Psychoactive Drug Use in Evolutionary Perspective

1997 • 334 citations

Heroin reward is dependent on a dopaminergic substrate

1981 • 333 citations

Rewarding Actions of Phencyclidine and Related Drugs in Nucleus Accumbens Shell and Frontal Cortex

1996 • 331 citations

Increased vulnerability to cocaine in mice lacking the serotonin-1B receptor

1998 • 329 citations

Subliminal Affective Priming Resists Attributional Interventions

1997 • 323 citations

Tactile extinction: Distinguishing between sensorimotor and motor asymmetries in rats with unilateral nigrostriatal damage

1982 • 323 citations

Dopamine neurons make glutamatergic synapses in vitro.

1998 • 320 citations

Pimozide-induced extinction of intracranial self-stimulation: response patterns rule out motor or performance deficits

1976 • 320 citations

Animal Learning and Cognition

1994 • 317 citations

Basal extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens are decreased during cocaine withdrawal after unlimited-access self-administration

1992 • 314 citations

The gustofacial response: observation on normal and anencephalic newborn infants.

1973 • 310 citations

Prolonged and Extrasynaptic Excitatory Action of Dopamine Mediated by D1 Receptors in the Rat StriatumIn Vivo

1997 • 303 citations

Differential effects of excitotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala, ventral subiculum and medial prefrontal cortex on responding with conditioned reinforcement and locomotor activity potentiated by intra-accumbens infusions ofd-amphetamine

1993 • 296 citations

Deficits in Feeding Behavior after Intraventricular Injection of 6-Hydroxydopamine in Rats

1972 • 296 citations

Dopaminergic correlates of motivated behavior: importance of drive

1995 • 296 citations

Response-reinforcement learning is dependent on N -methyl- <scp>d</scp> -aspartate receptor activation in the nucleus accumbens core

1997 • 295 citations

Dopamine D1-like Receptors and Reward-related Incentive Learning

1998 • 295 citations

Addictive drugs as reinforcers: multiple partial actions on memory systems

1996 • 292 citations

Taste responses and preferences for sweet high-fat foods: Evidence for opioid involvement☆

1992 • 290 citations

Dopamine Neurons Make Glutamatergic SynapsesIn Vitro

1998 • 288 citations

The Mind of an Addicted Brain: Neural Sensitization of Wanting Versus Liking

1995 • 285 citations

Complex motor and sensorimotor functions of striatal and accumbens dopamine: involvement in instrumental behavior processes

1992 • 284 citations

What psychological process mediates feeding evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus?

1991 • 282 citations

Differences in extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens during response-dependent and response-independent cocaine administration in the rat

1997 • 282 citations

Sexual behavior increases dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of male rats: Comparison with novelty and locomotion.

1992 • 278 citations

Double dissociations of the effects of amygdala and insular cortex lesions on conditioned taste aversion, passive avoidance, and neophobia in the rat using the excitotoxin ibotenic acid.

1988 • 269 citations

Anatomically Distinct Opiate Receptor Fields Mediate Reward and Physical Dependence

1984 • 265 citations

Aversive and Appetitive Events Evoke the Release of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Bombesin-Like Peptides at the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala

1998 • 264 citations

Latent inhibition of conditioned dopamine release in rat nucleus accumbens

1993 • 264 citations

Taste reactivity analysis of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced aphagia: Implications for arousal and anhedonia hypotheses of dopamine function.

1989 • 261 citations

The New shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles

1994 • 257 citations

The Neurobiology of Motivation and Reward

1985 • 255 citations

Double dissociations of the effects of amygdala and insular cortex lesions on conditioned taste aversion, passive avoidance, and neophobia in the rat using the excitotoxin ibotenic acid.

1988 • 250 citations

Alterations in feeding and drinking behavior of rats with lesions in globi pallidi

1961 • 250 citations

Neural signals in the monkey ventral striatum related to motivation for juice and cocaine rewards

1996 • 248 citations

Modulation of taste affect by hunger, caloric satiety, and sensory-specific satiety in the rat

1991 • 246 citations

Disruption of central cholinergic systems in the rat by basal forebrain lesions or atropine: Effects on feeding, sensorimotor behaviour, locomotor activity and spatial navigation

1985 • 242 citations

Interaction with pups enhances dopamine release in the ventral striatum of maternal rats: A microdialysis study

1993 • 240 citations

Self-administration of cocaine on a progressive ratio schedule in rats: dose-response relationship and effect of haloperidol pretreatment

1989 • 240 citations

Taste reactivity analysis of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced aphagia: Implications for arousal and anhedonia hypotheses of dopamine function.

1989 • 238 citations

Nucleus accumbens dopamine depletions alter relative response allocation in a T-maze cost/benefit task

1996 • 235 citations

The Contribution of Basal Forebrain to Limbic — Motor Integration and the Mediation of Motivation to Action

1991 • 235 citations

Sexual activity increases dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of female rats

1995 • 235 citations

The reinforcing and subjective effects of morphine in post-addicts: a dose-response study.

1991 • 234 citations

Rewarding drugs produce taste avoidance, but not taste aversion

1995 • 229 citations

Neuroleptic-induced attenuation of brain stimulation reward in rats.

1978 • 229 citations

Emotions and Psychopathology

1999 • 229 citations

Mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity as a function of food reward: A microdialysis study

1996 • 228 citations

Taste, experience, and feeding.

1990 • 228 citations

Dynamic Changes in Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Efflux During the Coolidge Effect in Male Rats

1997 • 227 citations

The role of affective processes in learning and motivation.

1959 • 224 citations

Problems of measurement and interpretation with reinforcing brain stimulation.

1964 • 223 citations

Where does damage lead to enhanced food aversion: the ventral pallidum/substantia innominata or lateral hypothalamus?

1993 • 221 citations

Restricted eating with weight loss selectively decreases extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and alters dopamine response to amphetamine, morphine, and food intake

1995 • 220 citations

Morphine-dopamine interaction: Ventral tegmental morphine increases nucleus accumbens dopamine release

1991 • 218 citations

Parameters of self-administration of cocaine in rats under a progressive-ratio schedule

1993 • 217 citations

Dopaminergic antagonism within the nucleus accumbens or the amygdala produces differential effects on intravenous cocaine self-administration under fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement

1993 • 214 citations

Neuronal Signals in the Monkey Ventral Striatum Related to Progress through a Predictable Series of Trials

1998 • 213 citations

SCH 23390 blocks drug-conditioned place-preference and place-aversion: anhedonia (lack of reward) or apathy (lack of motivation) after dopamine-receptor blockade?

1989 • 211 citations

The Control of Ingestive Behaviour by Internal and External Stimuli—A Theoretical Review

1981 • 211 citations

Sodium depletion enhances salt palatability in rats.

1984 • 210 citations

A Theory of Dopamine Function and Its Role in Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia

1993 • 206 citations

Brain mechanisms of drug reward and euphoria.

1985 • 206 citations

The tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus: a brain-stem output of the limbic system critical for the conditioned place preferences produced by morphine and amphetamine

1989 • 206 citations

Haloperidol antagonism of cue-elicited cocaine craving

1996 • 205 citations

Dissociations between appetitive and consummatory responses by pharmacological manipulations of reward-relevant brain regions.

1996 • 200 citations

High Dose Pimozide Does Not Block Amphetamine-Induced Euphoria in Normal Volunteers

1997 • 197 citations

Sodium deprivation alters neural responses to gustatory stimuli.

1979 • 196 citations

Sodium depletion enhances salt palatability in rats.

1984 • 195 citations

Interactions between dopamine and excitatory amino acids in behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants

1995 • 194 citations

Opponent Process Model and Psychostimulant Addiction

1997 • 191 citations

Naloxone, an opiate blocker, reduces the consumption of sweet high-fat foods in obese and lean female binge eaters

1995 • 189 citations

Brain imaging and cognitive neuroscience: Toward strong inference in attributing function to structure.

1996 • 189 citations

Elevations of nucleus accumbens dopamine and DOPAC levels during intravenous heroin self‐administration

1995 • 188 citations

Pimozide-induced extinction in rats: Stimulus control of responding rules out motor deficit

1979 • 186 citations

Electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence for the role of the nucleus accumbens in cocaine self-administration in freely moving rats

1994 • 186 citations

A conditioned stimulus decreases extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens after the development of a learned taste aversion

1991 • 184 citations

Dopamine and preparatory behavior: II. A neurochemical analysis.

1989 • 184 citations

Stress‐Related Activation of Cerebral Dopaminergic Systemsa

1988 • 184 citations

The role of incentive learning in instrumental outcome revaluation by sensory-specific satiety

1998 • 182 citations

Topography and functional role of dopaminergic projections from the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum to the ventral pallidum

1992 • 182 citations

Distribution of dopamine ?-hydroxylase-like immunoreactive fibers within the shell subregion of the nucleus accumbens

1997 • 181 citations

Neural basis of utility estimation

1997 • 180 citations

Neuroleptics block the positive reinforcing effects of amphetamine but not of morphine as measured by place conditioning

1985 • 180 citations

Relation of consummatory responses and preabsorptive insulin release to palatability and learned taste aversions.

1981 • 180 citations

Rewarding brain stimulation: Role of tegmental cholinergic neurons that activate dopamine neurons.

1993 • 179 citations

Benzodiazepines as appetite-enhancing compounds

1980 • 178 citations

Activity of dopamine neurons in the behaving primate

1992 • 178 citations

Ventrolateral striatal dopamine depletions impair feeding and food handling in rats

1993 • 178 citations

Investigation of the effects of opiate antagonists infused into the nucleus accumbens on feeding and sucrose drinking in rats.

1996 • 177 citations

Increased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the female rat during paced copulatory behavior.

1995 • 175 citations

Pre-exposure of rats to amphetamine sensitizes self-administration of this drug under a progressive ratio schedule

1998 • 174 citations

The dopamine synapse and the notion of ‘pleasure centers’ in the brain

1980 • 173 citations

Drug- and behavior-associated changes in dopamine-related electrochemical signals during intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats

1994 • 173 citations

Nucleus accumbens dopamine depletions in rats affect relative response allocation in a novel cost/benefit procedure

1994 • 171 citations

Disruption of selective attention in the rat following chronic d-amphetamine administration: relationship to schizophrenic attention disorder.

1982 • 170 citations

The anhedonia hypothesis: Mark III

1985 • 169 citations

Dopamine and conditioned reinforcement

1991 • 168 citations

Facial expressions as modes of action readiness

1997 • 167 citations

The Role of Accumbens Dopamine in Lever Pressing and Response Allocation: Effects of 6-OHDA Injected into Core and Dorsomedial Shell

1998 • 166 citations

Response Artifact in the Measurement of Neuroleptic-Induced Anhedonia

1981 • 165 citations

A review of the effects of dopaminergic agents on humans, animals, and drug-seeking behavior, and its implications for medication development

1995 • 164 citations

Somnolence, akinesia, and sensory activation of motivated behavior in the lateral hypothalamic syndrome.

1975 • 163 citations

Behavior-Relevant Changes in Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Transmission Elicited by Food Reinforcement: An Electrochemical Study in Rat

1996 • 163 citations

Reward or reinforcement: What's the difference?

1989 • 163 citations

Increased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the female rat during paced copulatory behavior.

1995 • 161 citations

Compulsive, Abnormal Walking Caused by Anticholinergics in Akinetic, 6-Hydroxydopamine-Treated Rats

1978 • 160 citations

Effects of Naltrexone on Food Intake and Changes in Subjective Appetite During Eating: Evidence for Opioid Involvement in the Appetizer Effect

1997 • 160 citations

Dissociations between appetitive and consummatory responses by pharmacological manipulations of reward-relevant brain regions.

1996 • 160 citations

Brain imaging and cognitive neuroscience: Toward strong inference in attributing function to structure.

1996 • 159 citations

Dopamine-containing ventral tegmental area neurons in freely moving cats: Activity during the sleep-waking cycle and effects of stress

1984 • 159 citations

Taste Stimuli: Quality Coding Time

1971 • 158 citations

Diazepam-induced eating and lever pressing for food in sated rats.

1974 • 158 citations

Motivational effects of opioids: influence of D-1 versus D-2 receptor antagonists

1988 • 156 citations

Reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior produced by heroin-predictive environmental stimuli

1997 • 155 citations

Pimozide decreases the positive reinforcing effect of sham fed sucrose in the rat

1985 • 155 citations

The behavioral neurochemistry of motivation: methodological and conceptual issues in studies of the dynamic activity of nucleus accumbens dopamine

1996 • 155 citations

Experimental sodium depletion and salt taste in normal human volunteers

1990 • 155 citations

Palatability-induced hyperphagia increases hypothalamic Dynorphin peptide and mRNA levels

1996 • 153 citations

Increased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of the rat during associative learning of neutral stimuli

1998 • 153 citations

Glutamate-dopamine interactions in the ventral striatum: role in locomotor activity and responding with conditioned reinforcement

1994 • 153 citations

Pimozide Does Not Shift Palatability: Separation of Anhedonia from Sensorimotor Suppression by Taste Reactivity

1997 • 152 citations

Neuronal responses in the ventral striatum of the behaving macaque

1993 • 152 citations

The Neurochemistry of Behavior

1986 • 151 citations

Effects of ibotenic acid lesions of the Nucleus Accumbens on instrumental action

1994 • 149 citations

Rewarding brain stimulation: Role of tegmental cholinergic neurons that activate dopamine neurons.

1993 • 149 citations

Comparison of Mesocorticolimbic Neuronal Responses During Cocaine and Heroin Self-Administration in Freely Moving Rats

1998 • 149 citations

Place conditioning with dopamine D1 and D2 agonists injected peripherally or into nucleus accumbens

1991 • 148 citations

The use of conditioned suppression to evaluate the nature of neuroleptic-induced avoidance deficits.

1980 • 145 citations

Dopamine and preparatory behavior: II. A neurochemical analysis.

1989 • 144 citations

Dopamine and preparatory behavior: I. Effects of pimozide.

1987 • 142 citations

Human Brain Activity Response to Fentanyl Imaged by Positron Emission Tomography

1996 • 141 citations

Parabrachial gustatory lesions impair taste aversion learning in rats.

1992 • 141 citations

Taste reactivity as a dependent measure of the rapid formation of conditioned taste aversion: A tool for the neural analysis of taste-visceral associations.

1988 • 140 citations

Electrochemical monitoring of extracellular dopamine in nucleus accumbens of rats lever-pressing for food

1994 • 140 citations

Sodium hunger; The search for a salty taste

1992 • 139 citations

Pharmacological characterization of performance on a concurrent lever pressing/feeding choice procedure: effects of dopamine antagonist, cholinomimetic, sedative and stimulant drugs

1994 • 139 citations

Latent inhibition: the nucleus accumbens connection revisited

1997 • 136 citations

Conditioned place preference and locomotor activation produced by injection of psychostimulants into ventral pallidum

1996 • 135 citations

Deprivation State Switches the Neurobiological Substrates Mediating Opiate Reward in the Ventral Tegmental Area

1997 • 134 citations

Mechanisms of Adaptive Behavior: Clark L. Hull's Theoretical Papers, with Commentary

1984 • 134 citations

On the Neural Computation of Utility

1996 • 134 citations

A single brain stem substrate mediates the motivational effects of both opiates and food in nondeprived rats but not in deprived rats.

1992 • 134 citations

D3 receptor test in vitro predicts decreased cocaine self-administration in rats

1997 • 133 citations

Benzodiazepines, appetite, and taste palatability

1995 • 132 citations

Dopamine depletion, stimulation or blockade in the rat disrupts spatial navigation and locomotion dependent upon beacon or distal cues

1985 • 131 citations

An evaluation of response rate as a measure of rewarding intracranial stimulation.

1962 • 130 citations

Morphine enhances hedonic taste palatability in rats

1993 • 130 citations

Behavioural pharmacology of food, water and salt intake in relation to drug actions at benzodiazepine receptors

1985 • 129 citations

Palatability shift of a salt-associated incentive during sodium depletion.

1989 • 127 citations

Responses of monkey midbrain dopamine neurons during delayed alternation performance

1991 • 126 citations

Morphine- and naltrexone-induced modification of palatability: Analysis by the taste reactivity test.

1992 • 126 citations

Naloxone blocks that portion of feeding driven by sweet taste in food-restricted rats

1995 • 125 citations

Pleasure, pain, desire, and dread: Hidden core processes of emotion.

1999 • 124 citations

FRANK A. BEACH AWARD

1996 • 124 citations

Motivational Control of Instrumental Action

1995 • 122 citations

Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala I: Effects on taste reactivity, taste aversion learning and sodium appetite

1993 • 122 citations

The interaction of cognitive and stimulus–response processes in the control of behaviour

1997 • 122 citations

Taste reactivity as a dependent measure of the rapid formation of conditioned taste aversion: A tool for the neural analysis of taste-visceral associations.

1988 • 122 citations

Functional significance of mesolimbic dopamine

1995 • 121 citations

Amphetamine- and morphine-induced feeding: Evidence for involvement of reward mechanisms

1990 • 121 citations

Dopamine and preparatory behavior: I. Effects of pimozide.

1987 • 120 citations

Morphine- and naltrexone-induced modification of palatability: Analysis by the taste reactivity test.

1992 • 118 citations

Dopamine, neuroleptics and reinforced behavior

1989 • 118 citations

Does pimozide block the reinforcing effect of brain stimulation?

1982 • 117 citations

Two types of aphagia and two types of sensorimotor impairment after lateral hypothalamic lesions: Observations in normal weight, dieted, and fattened rats.

1978 • 117 citations

Instrumental Conditioning

1994 • 116 citations

Postingestive alliesthesia: The rat tells the same story

1990 • 116 citations

Instrumental Performance following Reinforcer Devaluation Depends upon Incentive Learning

2007 • 115 citations

NMDA receptors mediate the behavioral effects of amphetamine infused into the nucleus accumbens

1992 • 114 citations

The nigrostriatal system in Parkinson's disease.

1990 • 114 citations

Chlordiazepoxide directly enhances positive ingestive reactions in rats

1986 • 113 citations

Drug‐ and behavior‐associated changes in dopamine‐related electrochemical signals during intravenous heroin self‐administration in rats

1993 • 113 citations

Neurobiology of motivation: double dissociation of two motivational mechanisms mediating opiate reward in drug-naive versus drug-dependent animals.

1992 • 113 citations

Sensitization to stress: The enduring effects of prior stress on amphetamine-induced rotational behavior

1985 • 113 citations

Gustatory responses in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the alert cynomolgus monkey

1986 • 112 citations

Increased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of the rat elicited by a conditional stimulus for food: an electrochemical study

1993 • 112 citations

Subjective responses to d-amphetamine alone and after pimozide pretreatment in normal, healthy volunteers

1996 • 110 citations

Appetite: neural and behavioural bases

1994 • 110 citations

NEUROBIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS ON BEHAVIORAL MODELS OF MOTIVATION

1997 • 108 citations

Trigeminal orosensation and ingestive behavior in the rat.

1983 • 108 citations

A comparison of benzodiazepine, serotonin, and dopamine agents in the taste-reactivity paradigm

1990 • 108 citations

Addiction: An opponent-process theory of acquired motivation: The affective dynamics of addiction.

1977 • 107 citations

Pavlovian processes in the motivational control of instrumental performance

2007 • 106 citations

Haloperidol induces a partial reinforcement extinction effect in rats: Implications for a dopamine involvement in food reward

1986 • 106 citations

A microdialysis study of ventral striatal dopamine during sexual behavior in female Syrian hamsters

1993 • 106 citations

Naloxone's anorectic effect is dependant upon the relative palatability of food

1993 • 105 citations

A single brain stem substrate mediates the motivational effects of both opiates and food in nondeprived rats but not in deprived rats.

1992 • 105 citations

Characterization of the impaired feeding behavior in rats given haloperidol or dopamine-depleting brain lesions

1990 • 105 citations

6-Hydroxydopamine lesion of ventral pallidum blocks acquisition of place preference conditioning to cocaine

1997 • 104 citations

Haloperidol reduces ethanol-induced motor activity stimulation but not conditioned place preference

1992 • 104 citations

Behavioral associations of neuronal activity in the ventral tegmental area of the rat

1994 • 103 citations

An appetitively conditioned taste elicits a preferential increase in mesolimbic dopamine release

1994 • 102 citations

Reward and reinforcement produced by drinking sucrose: Two processes that may depend on different neurotransmitters

1995 • 102 citations

A quantitative comparison of taste reactivity behaviors to sucrose before and after lithium chloride pairings: A unidimensional account of palatability.

1992 • 101 citations

The effects of pimozide on the consumption of a palatable saccharin-glucose solution in the rat

1981 • 101 citations

Conditioned changes in dopamine oxidation currents in the nucleus accumbens of rats by stimuli paired with self‐administration or yoked‐administration of d‐amphetamine

1998 • 101 citations

The postures of catecholamine-depletion catalepsy: Their possible adaptive value in thermoregulation

1978 • 100 citations

Effects of nalmefene on feeding in humans

1990 • 100 citations

Chapter 15 Reward-related activity in the monkey striatum and substantia nigra

1993 • 100 citations

Getting the Brain's Attention

1997 • 99 citations

Discriminated escape learning and response to electric shock after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigro-neostriatal dopaminergic projection

1975 • 97 citations

A quantitative comparison of taste reactivity behaviors to sucrose before and after lithium chloride pairings: A unidimensional account of palatability.

1992 • 97 citations

Direct Comparison of the Response of Voltammetry and Microdialysis to Electrically Evoked Release of Striatal Dopamine

1998 • 96 citations

Effect of conditioned fear stress on dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex

1996 • 96 citations

‘Disengage’ sensorimotor deficit following apparent recovery from unilateral dopamine depletion

1988 • 96 citations

Effect of Haloperidol on Measures of Craving and Impaired Control in Alcoholic* Subjects

1993 • 95 citations

A UNIFIED INTERPRETATION OF EMOTION AND MOTIVATION*

1969 • 95 citations

Effects of pergolide on intravenous cocaine self-administration in men and women

1998 • 94 citations

Stress-induced activation of prefrontal cortex dopamine turnover: blockade by lesions of the amygdala

1994 • 94 citations

Similar effect of raclopride and reduced sucrose concentration on the microstructure of sucrose sham feeding

1990 • 93 citations

Dopamine ligands and the stimulus effects of amphetamine: animal models versus human laboratory data

1997 • 93 citations

C 16: Is Interruption of the Nigro-Striatal Dopamine System Producing the “Lateral Hypothalamus Syndrome”?

1970 • 92 citations

Naloxone effects on sucrose-motivated behavior

1996 • 90 citations

Pleasantness of a Sweet Taste during Hunger and Satiety: Effects of Gender and "Sweet Tooth"

1993 • 88 citations

Trigeminal orosensation and ingestive behavior in the rat.

1983 • 88 citations

Taste avoidance, but not aversion, learning in rats lacking gustatory cortex.

1992 • 88 citations

Neuropeptide Y: Intraaccumbens injections produce a place preference that is blocked by cis-flupenthixol

1993 • 87 citations

A Two-Separate-Motivational-Systems Hypothesis of Opioid Addiction

1998 • 86 citations

Regional neuroleptic microinjections indicate a role for nucleus accumbens in lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation reward

1989 • 85 citations

Species differences in polysaccharide and sugar taste preferences

1987 • 83 citations

Haloperidol differentially affects reinforcement and motivational processes in rats running an alley for intravenous heroin

1995 • 83 citations

Control of sensorimotor function by dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons: Influence on eating and drinking

1986 • 82 citations

Emotional perception and memory in amnesia.

1997 • 82 citations

THE ANATOMY OF EMOTIONS

1986 • 82 citations

Isohedonic Tastes Support a Two-dimensional Hypothesis of Palatability

1984 • 82 citations

Which Motor Disorder in Parkinson's Disease Indicates the True Motor Function of the Basal Ganglia?

1984 • 82 citations

Dopamine and the mechanisms of cognition: Part I. A neural network model predicting dopamine effects on selective attention

1998 • 81 citations

Influence of the amount of food ingested on mesolimbic dopaminergic system activity: A microdialysis study

1996 • 81 citations

Neuropeptide Y fails to increase intraoral intake in rats

1995 • 81 citations

Blunting of reactivity of dopamine transmission to palatable food: a biochemical marker of anhedonia in the CMS model?

1997 • 80 citations

Caudal Brainstem Participates in the Distributed Neural Control of Feeding

1990 • 79 citations

On the neural computation of utility: implications from studies of brain stimulation reward

1999 • 79 citations

Control of instrumental performance by Pavlovian and instrumental stimuli.

1994 • 79 citations

Contribution of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons to expression of conditional fear: Effects of electrical stimulation, excitotoxin lesions, and quinpirole infusion on potentiated startle in rats.

1996 • 79 citations

Children's facial responsiveness to odors: Influences of hedonic valence of odor, gender, age, and social presence.

1996 • 78 citations

Haloperidol blocks the response-reinstating effects of food reward: A methodology for separating neuroleptic effects on reinforcement and motor processes

1988 • 77 citations

The ascending neuromodulatory systems in learning by reinforcement: comparing computational conjectures with experimental findings

1995 • 77 citations

Hedonic and social determinants of facial displays to odors

1987 • 77 citations

Neuroanatomical substrates mediating the aversive effects of D-1 dopamine receptor antagonists

1991 • 76 citations

Gustatory functions, sodium appetite, and conditioned taste aversion survive excitotoxic lesions of the thalamic taste area.

1997 • 75 citations

Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of identified nigrostriatal and mesoaccumbens dopamine neurons in the rat

1988 • 75 citations

Disruption of brain stimulation-induced feeding by dopamine receptor blockade

1975 • 75 citations

Relationships between Mesolimbic Dopamine Function and Eating Behaviora

1988 • 75 citations

Adaptive Neural Networks in the Basal Ganglia

1994 • 75 citations

Taste avoidance, but not aversion, learning in rats lacking gustatory cortex.

1992 • 74 citations

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens: The perspective from aberrations of consciousness in schizophrenia

1995 • 74 citations

Dopamine Receptor Subtype Agonists and Feeding Behavior

1995 • 73 citations

Intra-nucleus accumbens amphetamine: Dose-dependent effects on food intake

1986 • 73 citations

Modeling Voltammetry and Microdialysis of Striatal Extracellular Dopamine: The Impact of Dopamine Uptake on Extraction and Recovery Ratios

1998 • 73 citations

Trigeminal-Taste Interaction in Palatability Processing

1985 • 71 citations

Conditioned changes in nucleus accumbens dopamine signal established by intravenous cocaine in rats

1996 • 71 citations

Corticofugal influence on taste responses in the nucleus of the solitary tract in the rat

1995 • 71 citations

Perception, memory, and emotion : frontiers in neuroscience

1996 • 70 citations

Activity of neurons in the region of the substantia nigra during feeding in the monkey

1977 • 70 citations

Relationship between self-reported drug effects and their reinforcing effects: studies with stimulant drugs.

1989 • 69 citations

Raclopride reduces sucrose preference in rats

1995 • 68 citations

Effects of naloxone and pimozide on initiation and maintenance measures of free feeding

1986 • 66 citations

Withdrawal from morphine or amphetamine: different effects on dopamine in the ventral-medial striatum studied with microdialysis

1994 • 66 citations

Concurrent Positive and Negative Goalbox Events Produce Runway Behaviors Comparable to Those of Cocaine-Reinforced Rats

1997 • 66 citations

Dopamine receptor blockade in nucleus accumbens or caudate nucleus differentially affects feeding induced by 8-OH-DPAT injected into dorsal or median raphe

1991 • 65 citations

Sodium homeostasis in chronic decerebrate rats.

1986 • 65 citations

Opposite effects of prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens infusions of flupenthixol on stimulant-induced locomotion and brain stimulation reward

1992 • 65 citations

Enhanced stimulus-reward learning by intra-amygdala administration of a D 3 dopamine receptor agonist

1997 • 65 citations

Intraoral intake and taste reactivity responses elicited by sucrose and sodium chloride in chronic decerebrate rats.

1988 • 65 citations

Effects of dopamine D₁ and dopamine D₂ antagonists on the free feeding and drinking patterns of rats.

1991 • 65 citations

Emotional perception and memory in amnesia.

1997 • 64 citations

Effects of dopamine D-sub-1 and dopamine D-sub-2 antagonists on the free feeding and drinking patterns of rats.

1991 • 64 citations

Evidence for opiate receptor involvement in the consumption of a high palatability diet in nondeprived rats

1985 • 64 citations

Effects of basolateral amygdala lesions on taste aversions produced by lactose and lithium chloride in the rat.

1986 • 64 citations

Competition and summation between rewarding effects of sucrose and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat.

1994 • 63 citations

Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala II: Effects on intraoral NaCl intake

1993 • 62 citations

Central enhancement of taste pleasure by intraventricular morphine.

1995 • 62 citations

Effects of haloperidol in a response-reinstatement model of heroin relapse

1996 • 61 citations

Contribution of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons to expression of conditional fear: Effects of electrical stimulation, excitotoxin lesions, and quinpirole infusion on potentiated startle in rats.

1996 • 61 citations

Taste responses of neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract of awake rats: an extended stimulus array

1993 • 61 citations

Behavioral conditioned responses across multiple conditioning/testing trials elicited by lithium- and amphetamine-paired flavors

1984 • 61 citations

Forebrain contribution to the induction of a cellular correlate of conditioned taste aversion in the nucleus of the solitary tract

1995 • 60 citations

Neurobiology of withdrawal motivation: Evidence for two separate aversive effects produced in morphine-naive versus morphine-dependent rats by both naloxone and spontaneous withdrawal.

1995 • 60 citations

Brainstem mediates diazepam enhancement of palatability and feeding: microinjections into fourth ventricle versus lateral ventricle

1996 • 58 citations

Mesoaccumbens dopamine-opiate interactions in the control over behaviour by a conditioned reinforcer

1994 • 57 citations

Approach and withdrawal analysis of the effects of hypothalamic stimulation and lesions in rats.

1979 • 57 citations

Intraoral intake and taste reactivity responses elicited by sucrose and sodium chloride in chronic decerebrate rats.

1988 • 56 citations

Drug craving and positive/negative hedonic brain substrates activated by addicting drugs

1993 • 56 citations

Morphine enhancement of sucrose palatability: Analysis by the taste reactivity test

1996 • 55 citations

Increase in dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens in response to feeding: a model to study interactions between drugs and naturally activated dopaminergic neurons in the rat brain

1994 • 54 citations

Bidirectional instrumental conditioning.

1996 • 54 citations

Orofacial and somatic responses elicited by lithium-, nicotine- and amphetamine-paired sucrose solution

1986 • 54 citations

Conditioned reversal of reactions to normally avoided tastes

1990 • 53 citations

Naltrexone Treatment Increases the Aversiveness of Alcohol for Outbred Rats

1997 • 53 citations

Hedonic reactivity to sucrose in rats: Modification by pimozide

1986 • 53 citations

The Neurobiology of Cocaine‐Induced Reinforcement

2007 • 53 citations

Lateral hypothalamic sites eliciting eating affect medullary taste neurons in rats

1986 • 52 citations

Brainstem systems mediate the enhancement of palatability by chlordiazepoxide

1988 • 52 citations

Effects of basolateral amygdala lesions on taste aversions produced by lactose and lithium chloride in the rat.

1986 • 51 citations

Substantia nigra 6-OHDA lesions mimic striatopallidal disruption of syntactic grooming chains: A neural systems analysis of sequence control

1989 • 51 citations

On the origin of consciousness, a postulate and its corollary

1996 • 51 citations

Control of fluid palatability by exteroceptive Pavlovian signals.

1986 • 51 citations

Starch preference in rats

1987 • 51 citations

Polysaccharides as taste stimuli: their effect in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat

1991 • 50 citations

Effect of dopamine receptor antagonists on cocaine subjective effects: A naturalistic case study

1997 • 50 citations

Motivational control of instrumental performance following a shift from thirst to hunger.

1990 • 49 citations

Sex differences in salt preference and taste reactivity in rats

1993 • 49 citations

Olanzapine attenuates the reinforcing effects of cocaine

1997 • 49 citations

Sodium homeostasis in chronic decerebrate rats.

1986 • 49 citations

Neurobiology of withdrawal motivation: Evidence for two separate aversive effects produced in morphine-naive versus morphine-dependent rats by both naloxone and spontaneous withdrawal.

1995 • 49 citations

Corticofugal input to taste-responsive units in the parabrachial pons

1992 • 49 citations

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens by hypothalamic stimulation-escape behavior

1998 • 49 citations

Differential behavioral responses to taste stimuli in non-human primates

1984 • 49 citations

Instinct and Motivation as Explanations for Complex Behavior

1982 • 48 citations

The human gustofacial response : observation on normal and anencephalic newborn infants

1973 • 48 citations

Neuroleptics block high- but not low-dose heroin place preferences: Further evidence for a two-system model of motivation.

1994 • 47 citations

Competition and summation between rewarding effects of sucrose and lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the rat.

1994 • 47 citations

Acute sodium deficiency reduces gustatory responsiveness to NaCl in the parabrachial nucleus of rats

1997 • 46 citations

Pimozide blocks reinforcement but not priming from MFB stimulation in the rat

1982 • 46 citations

A Role for D2, but not D1, Dopamine Receptors in the Response-Reinstating Effects of Food Reinforcement

1997 • 46 citations

Repeated sodium depletion affects gustatory neural responses in the nucleus of the solitary tract of rats

1997 • 45 citations

The dopaminergic mediation of a sweet reward in normal and VMH hyperphagic rats

1982 • 45 citations

Conditioned incentive properties of a food-paired conditioned stimulus remain intact during dopamine receptor blockade.

1991 • 43 citations

Conditioned incentive properties of a food-paired conditioned stimulus remain intact during dopamine receptor blockade.

1991 • 42 citations

Benzodiazepines and palatability: Taste reactivity in normal ingestion

1995 • 41 citations

The direct enhancement of positive palatability by chlordiazepoxide is antagonized by Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216

1987 • 41 citations

Benzodiazepines enhance the consumption and palatability of alcohol in the rat

1998 • 41 citations

LIMBIC-STRIATAL INTERACTIONS IN REWARD RELATED PROCESSES: MODULATION BY THE DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM.

1992 • 41 citations

Rats learn to like the taste of morphine.

1985 • 41 citations

The effects of four days of continuous striatal microdialysis on indices of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission in rats

1991 • 40 citations

7-OH-DPAT injected into the accumbens reduces locomotion and sucrose ingestion: D3 autoreceptor-mediated effects?

1995 • 40 citations

Fourth ventricular injection of selective bombesin receptor antagonists facilitates feeding in rats

1993 • 40 citations

Comparing motivational systems—an incentive motivation perspective

1994 • 39 citations

Control of fluid palatability by exteroceptive Pavlovian signals.

1986 • 39 citations

Relationships between taste reactivity and intake in the neurologically intact rat

1984 • 39 citations

Naloxone administration following operant training of sucrose/water discrimination in the rat

1997 • 38 citations

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens during sexual behavior in prenatally stressed adult male rats

1995 • 38 citations

Food-related stimuli increase the ratio of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid to dopamine in the hypothalamus

1985 • 37 citations

Production and regulation of ingestive consummatory behavior in the chronic decerebrate rat

1980 • 37 citations

Neuroleptics block high- but not low-dose heroin place preferences: Further evidence for a two-system model of motivation.

1994 • 37 citations

Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the amygdala on intravenous cocaine self-administration under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement

1994 • 36 citations

A new taste reactivity analysis of the integration of taste and physiological state information

1996 • 36 citations

The involvement of dopamine D2 receptors, but not D3 or D4 receptors, in the rewarding effect of brain stimulation in the rat

1997 • 36 citations

Motivational^sensorimotor interaction controls aphagia and exaggerated treading after striatopallidal lesions.

1990 • 35 citations

Benzodiazepine-induced outcome revaluation and the motivational control of instrumental action in rats.

1994 • 35 citations

Norepinephrine Microinjections in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Increase Extracellular Dopamine and Decrease Acetylcholine in the Nucleus Accumbens: Relevance to Feeding Reinforcement

1997 • 35 citations

Neurotransmitters and the Regulation of Food Intake

1975 • 35 citations

Benzodiazepine-induced outcome revaluation and the motivational control of instrumental action in rats.

1994 • 34 citations

Tegmental pedunculopontine lesions in rats decrease saccharin's rewarding effects but not its memory-improving effect.

1994 • 34 citations

Brainstem mediates diazepam enhancement of palatability and feeding: microinjections into fourth ventricle versus lateral ventricle

1996 • 34 citations

Morphine stimulation of mesolimbic and mesocortical but not nigrostriatal dopamine release in the rat as reflected by changes in 3-methoxytyramine levels

1991 • 34 citations

Tegmental pedunculopontine lesions in rats decrease saccharin's rewarding effects but not its memory-improving effect.

1994 • 34 citations

Effects of pimozide on the hedonic properties of sucrose: Analysis by the taste reactivity test

1991 • 33 citations

Brain Emotional Circuits and Psychopathologies

1988 • 33 citations

Midazolam-induced rapid changes in licking behaviour: evidence for involvement of endogenous opioid peptides

1997 • 33 citations

Rats learn to like the taste of morphine.

1985 • 33 citations

Sensorimotor modulation and the variable action pattern (VAP): Toward a noncircular definition of drive and motivation

1987 • 32 citations

Motivational-sensorimotor interaction controls aphagia and exaggerated treading after striatopallidal lesions.

1990 • 32 citations

Conditioned place aversion following the central administration of a novel dopamine release inhibitor CGS 10746B

1991 • 31 citations

Dopamine and basal ganglia disorders in humans

1992 • 31 citations

Taste-induced facial expressions in apes and humans

1995 • 30 citations

Neuropharmacology of appetite and taste preferences

1994 • 30 citations

Comparison of the effects of brain dopamine-depleting lesions upon oral behaviors elicited by tail pinch and electrical brain stimulation

1980 • 30 citations

Effects of fourth ventricle bombesin injection on meal-related parameters and grooming behavior

1991 • 29 citations

Conceptual history of the nigrostriatal dopamine system

1993 • 28 citations

Facial consummatory responses in rats support the ponderostat hypothesis

1991 • 28 citations

Fourth ventricle bombesin injection suppresses ingestive behaviors in rats

1989 • 28 citations

Simultaneous Display of Sexual and Ingestive Behaviour by Rats

1992 • 28 citations

Influence of saccharin on polycose, sucrose, and glucose intake and preference in rats

1987 • 28 citations

Ingestive taste reactivity as licking behavior

1995 • 28 citations

The Lateral Hypothalamus and Motivated Behavior: An Old Syndrome Reassessed and a New Perspective Gained

1995 • 28 citations

A brief history of the anhedonia hypothesis

1994 • 26 citations

Activity of presumed dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area during heroin self-administration

1997 • 25 citations

Morphine-induced modification of quinine palatability: Effects of multiple morphine-quinine trials

1995 • 25 citations

Selective dopamine D-1 receptor agonists, SK&amp;F 3839 and CY 208-243 reduce sucrose sham-feeding in the rat

1993 • 25 citations

Chlordiazepoxide enhances the palatability of lithium-, amphetamine-, and saline-paired saccharin solution

1995 • 24 citations

Microinjections of flupenthixol into the caudate putamen of rats produce intrasession declines in food-rewarded operant responding

1993 • 24 citations

Reward comparison in chronic decerebrate rats

1997 • 24 citations

Individual differences in the feeding effects of amphetamine: role of nucleus accumbens dopamine and circadian factors

1993 • 24 citations

Dopaminergic unit activity in freely moving cats: Lack of relationship to feeding, satiety, and glucose injections

1983 • 24 citations

Relationship between self-reported drug effects and their reinforcing effects: Studies with stimulant drugs.

1989 • 24 citations

Caudal brain stem systems mediate effects of bombesin-like peptides on intake in rats

1992 • 23 citations

Striatal dopamine and the interface between orienting and ingestive functions

1988 • 23 citations

Ingestion rate as an independent variable in the behavioral analysis of satiation

1990 • 23 citations

Abnormal gait sequence in locomotion after atropine treatment of catecholamine-deficient akinetic rats.

1987 • 23 citations

CONDITIONED RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS AS MEASURED BY MICRODIALYSIS

1992 • 21 citations

Food Selection

1990 • 20 citations

Apomorphine suppresses ingestive behaviour in chronic decerebrate rats

1994 • 19 citations

Raclopride decreases sucrose intake of rat pups in independent ingestion tests

1992 • 19 citations

Pimozide enhances the aversiveness of quinine solution

1990 • 19 citations

Potency of SCH 23390 for decreasing sucrose intake in rat pups depends on mode of ingestion

1991 • 19 citations

The effect of systemic d -amphetamine on motor versus motivational processes in the rat

1996 • 18 citations

Trigeminal sensorimotor mechanisms and ingestive behavior

1984 • 17 citations

Effects of Interrupting an Intraoral Meal on Meal Size and Meal Duration in Rats

1993 • 16 citations

Amphetamine-induced modification of quinine palatability: Analysis by the taste reactivity test

1994 • 16 citations

Lack of ingestive compensation to osmotic stimuli in chronic decerebrate rats

1981 • 15 citations

Changes in striatal dopamine release in stress-induced conditioned suppression of motility in rats

1996 • 15 citations

Inhibition of ingestive behavior following fourth ventricle bombesin injection in chronic decerebrate rats.

1992 • 15 citations

Taste preferences in Parkinson's disease patients

1993 • 15 citations

Dopamine denervation of frontal cortex or nucleus accumbens does not affect acth-induced grooming behaviour

1984 • 14 citations

Microstructural analysis of the inhibition of sucrose sham feeding by SCH 23390

1989 • 13 citations

Behavioral response to diazepam in a residential laboratory

1992 • 13 citations

Neuroleptic-induced anhedonia: Recent studies

1989 • 12 citations

Effects of phencyclidine on shock-induced aggression in rats

1981 • 12 citations

Applications of taste reactivity to the study of the neural-hormonal controls of ingestive behavior

1995 • 12 citations

Inhibition of ingestive behavior following fourth ventricle bombesin injection in chronic decerebrate rats.

1992 • 11 citations

The effect of physiological need on taste.

1990 • 10 citations

Thought without language: A Fyssen foundation symposium

1990 • 9 citations

Interactions between chlordiazepoxide and food deprivation determining choice in food-preference test [proceedings].

1980 • 9 citations

The neurophysiology of feeding

1981 • 8 citations

CCK-8 inhibits ingestive behavior in rats with lateral hypothalamic 6-OHDA lesions

1998 • 7 citations

Dopamine receptor subtypes and ingestive behaviour.

1999 • 7 citations

The works of Epictetus, Consisting of his Discourses, in Four Books, the Enchiridion, and Fragments

2009 • 6 citations

Mammalian bombesin-like peptides suppress sham drinking of salt by sodium-deficient rats

1996 • 5 citations

Behavioural and neural mechanisms for benzodiazepine-induced hyperphagia

1995 • 4 citations

Activity of Monkey Striatal and Dopamine Neurons During the Performance of Delayed Response Tasks

1994 • 3 citations

The Works of Epictetus: Consisting of His Discourses, in Four Books, Preserved by Arrian ; The Enchiridion, and Fragments

2018 • 3 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations