Neuroleptics and operant behavior: The anhedonia hypothesis

The Psychology of Learning and Motivation

2021 • 4,196 citations

The pharmacological basis of therapeutics

1981 • 2,853 citations

Handbook of Psychopharmacology

1988 • 2,778 citations

A theory of attention: Variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement.

1975 • 2,731 citations

The Psychology of Animal Learning

1976 • 2,451 citations

Drives and the C. N. S. (conceptual nervous system).

1955 • 2,004 citations

The psychology of animal learning

1975 • 1,995 citations

Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia.

1962 • 1,985 citations

Relation of cue to consequence in avoidance learning

1966 • 1,963 citations

Brain dopamine receptors.

1980 • 1,878 citations

Amphetamine and apomorphine responses in the rat following 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi and corpus striatum

1975 • 1,741 citations

Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology

2003 • 1,683 citations

Physiological Role of Pleasure

1971 • 1,462 citations

Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in rats.

1973 • 1,454 citations

The role of frustrative nonreward in noncontinuous reward situations.

1958 • 1,304 citations

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

1976 • 1,283 citations

Dopaminergic neurons: effect of antipsychotic drugs and amphetamine on single cell activity.

1973 • 1,272 citations

Arousal, activation, and effort in the control of attention.

1975 • 1,200 citations

Psychopharmacology : a generation of progress

1978 • 1,168 citations

Catecholamine innervation of the basal forebrain IV. Topography of the dopamine projection to the basal forebrain and neostriatum

1978 • 1,160 citations

Reinforcement, expectancy, and learning.

1972 • 1,057 citations

Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions

1982 • 992 citations

Problems of Drug Dependence

1969 • 970 citations

Textbook of psychology

1958 • 951 citations

ECONOMIC CONCEPTS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR

1980 • 879 citations

The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: A Review*

1976 • 862 citations

Textbook of Pharmacology.

1980 • 857 citations

Catecholamine theories of reward: A critical review

1978 • 766 citations

Extinction and recovery of cocaine self-administration following 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens

1980 • 736 citations

On the role of ascending catecholaminergic systems in intravenous self-administration of cocaine

1977 • 733 citations

Dendritic release of dopamine in the substantia nigra

1981 • 732 citations

Evidence for coexistence of dopamine and CCK in meso-limbic neurones

1980 • 696 citations

Psychopharmacology. A Generation of Progress

1978 • 668 citations

Neuroleptic-Induced "Anhedonia" in Rats: Pimozide Blocks Reward Quality of Food

1978 • 643 citations

The taste reactivity test. II. Mimetic responses to gustatory stimuli in chronic thalamic and chronic decerebrate rats

1978 • 582 citations

STUDIES IN NEUROLOGY

1921 • 580 citations

A motivational view of learning, performance, and behavior modification.

1974 • 559 citations

Acute and chronic haloperidol treatment: Comparison of effects on nigral dopaminergic cell activity

1978 • 550 citations

Dopamine ?Autoreceptors?: Pharmacological characterization by microiontophoretic single cell recording studies

1977 • 544 citations

Increased Lever Pressing for Amphetamine After Pimozide in Rats: Implications for a Dopamine Theory of Reward

1975 • 536 citations

Determinants of the specificity of behavioral effects of drugs

2007 • 534 citations

Operant-Pavlovian Interactions

2021 • 501 citations

Intracranial self-administration of morphine into the ventral tegmental area in rats

1981 • 497 citations

The Neurobiology of Dopamine

1980 • 496 citations

Destruction of dopaminergic nerve terminals in nucleus accumbens: Effect on d-amphetamine self-administration

1979 • 460 citations

Motivational properties of frustration: I. Effect on a running response of the addition of frustration to the motivational complex.

1952 • 456 citations

The neurobiology of the nucleus accumbens

1982 • 454 citations

Enkephalin may mediate euphoria and drive-reduction reward

1977 • 450 citations

Psychopharmacology of Aversively Motivated Behavior

1978 • 445 citations

Further analysis of sensory inattention following lateral hypothalamic damage in rats.

1974 • 438 citations

Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi and olfactory tubercle on feeding, locomotor activity, and amphetamine anorexia in the rat.

1978 • 421 citations

Behavioral functions of the reticular formation

1979 • 418 citations

Chronically Decerebrate Rats Demonstrate Satiation But Not Bait Shyness

1978 • 413 citations

Sensory Neglect Produced by Lateral Hypothalamic Damage

1971 • 407 citations

Reticulo-cortical activity and behavior: A critique of the arousal theory and a new synthesis

1981 • 404 citations

The pharmacological basis of therapeutics

1976 • 398 citations

Disrupted latent inhibition in the rat with chronic amphetamine or haloperidol-induced supersensitivity: relationship to schizophrenic attention disorder.

1981 • 385 citations

A Quantitative Study on the Nigro‐Neostriatal Dopamine Neuron System in the Rat

1966 • 374 citations

Attenuation of intravenous amphetamine reinforcement by central dopamine blockade in rats

1976 • 371 citations

Burying as a defensive response in rats.

1978 • 358 citations

Burying as a defensive response in rats

1978 • 353 citations

A portrait of the substrate for self-stimulation.

1981 • 344 citations

Operant behavior as adaptation to constraint.

1979 • 335 citations

Reinforcing effects of morphine microinjection into the ventral tegmental area

1980 • 334 citations

Heroin reward is dependent on a dopaminergic substrate

1981 • 333 citations

Action of drugs of abuse on brain reward systems

1980 • 330 citations

Amphetamine psychosis: Behavioral and biochemical aspects

1974 • 325 citations

Pimozide-induced extinction of intracranial self-stimulation: response patterns rule out motor or performance deficits

1976 • 320 citations

Economic Demand Theory and Psychological Studies of Choice

1976 • 315 citations

Neostriatal dopamine and sensory inattention.

1980 • 315 citations

Both Positive Reinforcement and Conditioned Aversion from Amphetamine and from Apomorphine in Rats

1976 • 307 citations

Self-administration of d-amphetamine by rats

1968 • 303 citations

Drugs and Reinforcement Mechanisms: A Critical Review of the Catecholamine Theory

1978 • 293 citations

Symposium on oral sensation and perception

1967 • 282 citations

Pleasure Centers in the Brain

1956 • 280 citations

Effect of inescapable shock on subsequent escape performance: Catecholaminergic and cholinergic mediation of response initiation and maintenance

1979 • 277 citations

The pleasures of sensation.

1960 • 269 citations

Food Deprivation Increases Oral and Intravenous Drug Intake in Rats

1979 • 260 citations

SCHEDULES USING NOXIOUS STIMULI. III. RESPONDING MAINTAINED WITH RESPONSE‐PRODUCED ELECTRIC SHOCKS¹

1968 • 259 citations

Habit strength as a function of the pattern of reinforcement.

1945 • 254 citations

Principles of psychopharmacology

1978 • 254 citations

Amphetamine models of paranoid schizophrenia: An overview and elaboration of animal experimentation.

1980 • 242 citations

Brain Stimulation Reward

2015 • 236 citations

Phenothiazine Effects on Psychological and Psychophysiological Dysfunction in Chronic Schizophrenics

1977 • 235 citations

Minireview A systematic study of the pharmacological activities of dopamine antagonists

1979 • 232 citations

Neuroleptic-induced attenuation of brain stimulation reward in rats.

1978 • 229 citations

Biochemistry and Behavior: Some Central Actions of Amphetamine and Antipsychotic Drugs

1976 • 228 citations

Decreased intracranial self-stimulation after neuroleptics or 6-hydroxydopamine: Evidence for mediation by motor deficits rather than by reduced reward

1976 • 227 citations

Problems of measurement and interpretation with reinforcing brain stimulation.

1964 • 223 citations

Connections of the nucleus accumbens

1976 • 223 citations

Handbook of Psychopharmacology

1978 • 219 citations

International Symposium on Amphetamines and Related Compounds

1970 • 218 citations

The relative attenuation of self-stimulation, eating and drinking produced by dopamine-receptor blockade

1974 • 214 citations

The role of dopamine in maintaining intracranial self-stimulation in the ventral tegmentum, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex.

1978 • 211 citations

Behavioral Pharmacology

1961 • 202 citations

Principles of Psychopharmacology

1971 • 201 citations

Catecholamine-containing neurones and electrical self-stimulation: 1. a review of some data

1972 • 199 citations

An incentive model of rewarding brain stimulation.

1969 • 199 citations

Deficits of escape performance following catecholamine depletion: Implications for behavioral deficits induced by uncontrollable stress

1979 • 196 citations

The Neurobiology of dopamine

1979 • 193 citations

Conservation in behavior.

1979 • 191 citations

Haloperidol-induced disruption of conditioned avoidance responding: Attenuation by prior training or by anticholinergic drugs

1975 • 187 citations

The effects of chlorpromazine on psychomotor stimulant self-administration in the Rhesus monkey

1972 • 186 citations

Pimozide-induced extinction in rats: Stimulus control of responding rules out motor deficit

1979 • 186 citations

Amphetamine-type reinforcement by dopaminergic agonists in the rat

1978 • 182 citations

Major attenuation of food reward with performance-sparing doses of pimozide in the rat.

1978 • 178 citations

Catecholamines and self-stimulation: Reward and performance effects dissociated

1978 • 175 citations

Dopaminergic activation of reticulata neurones in the substantia nigra

1980 • 172 citations

Effects of antagonists upon locomotor stimulation induced by injection of dopamine and noradrenaline into the nucleus accumbens of nialamide-pretreated rats

1975 • 171 citations

Dopamine receptors, neuroleptics, and schizophrenia

1981 • 171 citations

Behavioral effects of benzodiazepines: A review

1977 • 170 citations

Mesencephalic dopaminergic unit activity in the behaviorally conditioned rat

1981 • 170 citations

Disruption of selective attention in the rat following chronic d-amphetamine administration: relationship to schizophrenic attention disorder.

1982 • 170 citations

Lateral hypothalamic electrical stimulation: Does it make animals ‘hungry’?

1974 • 168 citations

Decreased resistance to extinction after haloperidol: Implications for the role of dopamine in reinforcement

1979 • 166 citations

Response Artifact in the Measurement of Neuroleptic-Induced Anhedonia

1981 • 165 citations

Catecholamines and self-stimulation: Evidence suggesting a reinforcing role for noradrenaline and a motivating role for dopamine

1976 • 165 citations

Pimozide, a chemically novel, highly potent and orally long-acting neuroleptic drug. I. The comparative pharmacology of pimozide, haloperidol, and chlorpromazine.

1968 • 164 citations

Motivational Effects of Brain Stimulation and Drugs

2017 • 160 citations

Evidence that self-stimulation of the region of the locus coeruleus in rats does not depend upon noradrenergic projections to telencephalon

1976 • 157 citations

Circling behavior and stereotypy induced by intranigral opiate microinjections.

1977 • 156 citations

An analysis of chlorpromazine-induced suppression of the avoidance response

1962 • 153 citations

Selective reduction of tryptophan hydroxylase activity in rat forebrain after midbrain raphe lesions

1971 • 152 citations

Clinical trials with amphetamine-blocking drugs.

1972 • 147 citations

Self-injection of apomorphine in the rat: Positive reinforcement by a dopamine receptor stimulant

1974 • 147 citations

Changes in Schizophrenic Psychopathology and Ward Behaviour as a Function of Phenothiazine Treatment

1965 • 146 citations

The use of conditioned suppression to evaluate the nature of neuroleptic-induced avoidance deficits.

1980 • 145 citations

Role of noradrenergic and dopaminergic processes in amphetamine self-administration

1976 • 144 citations

Influence of morphine on lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation in the rat

1973 • 142 citations

Blockade of intravenous amphetamine euphoria in man

1971 • 140 citations

Drug Therapy in Schizophrenia

1960 • 140 citations

Opioids and rewarding brain stimulation

1978 • 139 citations

Effects of Drugs on Behavior

1963 • 135 citations

Reward-Induced Stereotypy: Modulation by the Hippocampus

1981 • 130 citations

Neural mechanisms of goal-directed behavior and learning

1980 • 130 citations

Effects of dopamine receptor blockade on alimentary behaviors: Home cage food consumption, magazine training, operant acquisition, and performance

1979 • 128 citations

Psychoanalysis of Behavior

1958 • 127 citations

A Golgi study of the ventral tegmental area of Tsai and interfascicular nucleus in the rat

1979 • 125 citations

Increased self-administration of d-amphetamine after destruction of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurons

1980 • 122 citations

Adaptive changes in catecholamine receptors in the central nervous system

1981 • 120 citations

Extinction and dopamine receptor blockade after intermittent reinforcement training: Failure to observe functional equivalence

1980 • 118 citations

Intracranial self-stimulation in relation to the ascending noradrenergic fiber systems of the pontine tegmentum and caudal midbrain: A moveable electrode mapping study

1979 • 118 citations

Pimozide-induced suppression of responding: Evidence against a block of food reward

1980 • 117 citations

Parametric analysis of brain stimulation reward in the rat: I. The transient process and the memory-containing process.

1974 • 115 citations

The effect of pimozide on the establishment of conditioned reinforcement

1980 • 115 citations

The hypotheses of different dopamine receptor mechanisms

1981 • 115 citations

Psychoanalysis of Behavior

1957 • 113 citations

Effects of pimozide on lever pressing behavior maintained on an intermittent reinforcement schedule

1980 • 110 citations

SOME EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON CLASSICAL (TYPE S) CONDITIONING

1956 • 107 citations

Comparison of the sensorimotor dysfunctions produced by damage to lateral hypothalamus or superior colliculus in the rat

1978 • 106 citations

Intracranial Self-Stimulation and Wakefulness: Effect of Manipulating Ambient Brain Catecholamines

1970 • 104 citations

Catecholaminergic mechanisms of reinforcement: Direct assessment by drug self-administration

1977 • 102 citations

Effects of reinforcement omission on rats with lesions in the amygdala.

1973 • 102 citations

Partial reinforcement effects within subject and between subjects.

1966 • 101 citations

Intravenous self-administration of cocaine and norcocaine by dogs

1980 • 100 citations

Is the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system necessary for intracranial self-stimulation?

1979 • 100 citations

Pimozide attenuates acquisition of lever-pressing for food in rats

1981 • 99 citations

Self-stimulation at the lateral hypothalamus and locus coeruleus after specific unilateral lesions of the dopamine system

1978 • 99 citations

Pimozide attenuates lever pressing for water reinforcement in rats

1981 • 97 citations

Discriminated escape learning and response to electric shock after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigro-neostriatal dopaminergic projection

1975 • 97 citations

Interrelationship among multiunit activity of the midbrain reticular formation and lateral geniculate nucleus, thalamocortical arousal, and behavior in rats.

1975 • 97 citations

Effect of haloperidol on (+)-amphetamine self-administration

1975 • 95 citations

Transfer of effort across behaviors

1979 • 94 citations

Noradrenergic role in the self-administration of morphine or amphetamine

1975 • 94 citations

Increases in intracranial self-stimulation in the posterior hypothalamus following unilateral lesions in the locus coeruleus

1976 • 93 citations

Isolation-rearing enhances tail pinch-induced oral behavior in rats

1977 • 92 citations

Organization by sensory modality in the reticular formation of the rat

1973 • 91 citations

Apparent independence of opiate reinforcement and electrical self-stimulation systems in rat brain

1977 • 91 citations

Comparative involvement of dopamine and noradrenaline in rate-free self-stimulation in substantia nigra, lateral hypothalamus, and mesencephalic central gray

1974 • 90 citations

The role of the hypothalamus and amygdala in food intake, alimentary motivation and emotional reactions.

1969 • 90 citations

Strong positive reward in median raphe: specific inhibition bypara-chlorophenylalanine

1975 • 88 citations

Reward versus performance in self-stimulation: Electrode-specific effects of !a-methyl-p-tyrosine on reward in the rat.

1977 • 88 citations

International Symposium on Amphetamines and Related Compounds

1970 • 85 citations

Self-stimulation in the dorsal pontine tegmentum in the rat

1975 • 83 citations

Pathology of Attention

1971 • 83 citations

Noradrenaline, dopamine, and brain-stimulation reward

1974 • 82 citations

An analysis of behavioural effects produced by drug‐induced changes of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain

1979 • 80 citations

THE PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY OF PHENOTHIAZINE COMPOUNDS

1963 • 80 citations

Ascending monoamine-containing fiber pathways related to intracranial self-stimulation: Histochemical fluorescence study

1974 • 80 citations

Naloxone reduces pressing for intracranial stimulation of sites in the periaqueductal gray area, accumbens nucleus, substantia nigra, and lateral hypothalamus

1979 • 79 citations

Lack of acquisition in dopamine denervated animals tested in an underwater y-maze

1977 • 79 citations

Resistance to extinction as a function of the distribution of extinction trials.

1950 • 79 citations

Animal models of schizophrenia

1981 • 78 citations

Morphine differentially affects ventral tegmental and substantia nigra brain reward thresholds

1981 • 78 citations

Behavioral contrast and frustration effect in multiple and mixed fixed-interval schedules in the rat.

1970 • 78 citations

Effects of apomorphine and haloperidol on exploratory behavior and latent learning in mice

1977 • 76 citations

Pars compacta of the substantia nigra modulates motor activity but is not involved importantly in regulating food and water intake

1980 • 75 citations

The use of conditioned defensive burying to test the effects of pimozide on associative learning

1980 • 74 citations

Adaptational Psychodynamics: Motivation and Control

1969 • 73 citations

Locus coeruleus and intracranial self-stimulation: A cautionary note

1975 • 73 citations

Specific modulation of brain stimulation reward by haloperidol

1979 • 73 citations

Performance effects with repeated-response measures during pimozide-produced dopamine receptor blockade

1979 • 72 citations

Dorsal noradrenergic bundle lesions fail to disrupt self-stimulation from the region of locus coeruleus

1977 • 70 citations

An Introduction to psychopharmacology

1971 • 70 citations

Movement-related forebrain and midbrain multiple unit activity in rats

1977 • 70 citations

Neuroleptics and Brain Self-Stimulation Behavior

1979 • 69 citations

Differential effects of inescapable shock on escape performance and discrimination learning in a water escape task.

1980 • 68 citations

Dr. Snyder Replies

1981 • 68 citations

Lewis's pharmacology

1970 • 68 citations

Discriminative and motor performance in rats after interference with dopamine neurotransmission with spiroperidol

1977 • 67 citations

Acquisition and extinction after initial trials without reward.

1965 • 67 citations

Acute effects of neuroleptics on brain self-stimulation thresholds in rats

1980 • 67 citations

Adverse Reactions to Phenothiazines

1964 • 66 citations

Chlorpromazine effects on cocaine-reinforced responding in rhesus monkeys: reciprocal modification of rate-altering effects of the drugs.

1980 • 65 citations

An Introduction to Psychopharmacology

1972 • 63 citations

The effect of microinjections of morphine and haloperidol into the neostriatum and the nucleus accumbens on self-stimulation behaviour.

1975 • 61 citations

THE PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY OF PHENOTHIAZINE COMPOUNDS

1963 • 60 citations

Do rats terminate hypothalamic stimulation only in order to turn it on again?

1973 • 59 citations

The effects of pimozide during pairing on the transfer of classical conditioning to an operant discrimination

1981 • 58 citations

Motor Subsystems in Motivated Behavior

1980 • 57 citations

Effects of Neuroleptics, Ethanol, Hypnotic-Sedatives, Tranquilizers, Narcotics, and Minor Stimulants in Aversive Paradigms

1978 • 56 citations

Schizophrenia, a biopsychological perspective

1980 • 55 citations

Altered paw preference after unilateral 6-hydroxy-dopamine injections into lateral hypothalamus

1981 • 54 citations

Schizophrenia, a biopsychological perspective

1979 • 53 citations

Predictability in psychopharmacology: Preclinical and clinical correlations

1977 • 52 citations

Dendritic monoamines in the squirrel monkey brain

1977 • 51 citations

Effects of GABAergic drugs on brain stimulation reward as assessed by a ‘threshold’ method

1981 • 51 citations

Psychotropic drugs as negative reinforcers.

1975 • 50 citations

Chlorpromazine and Sleep in Psychiatric Patients

1971 • 49 citations

The effects of chlorpromazine and secobarbital under two conditions of reinforcement on the performance of chronic schizophrenic subjects

1965 • 47 citations

What is wrong with dopaminergic transmission in schizophrenia?

1979 • 47 citations

Hypothalamic and locus coeruleus self-stimulation are decreased by cholecystokinin

1978 • 46 citations

Effects of catecholamine manipulations on three different self-stimulation behaviors

1978 • 46 citations

Osmosensitive neurons in the rat's dorsal midbrain

1976 • 45 citations

Conditioning and nonconditioning interpretations of small-trial phenomena.

1970 • 45 citations

Strength-duration analysis of the organization of reinforcement pathways in the medial forebrain bundle of rats

1976 • 45 citations

Effects of pimozide on nondiscriminated and discriminated performance in the pigeon

1981 • 45 citations

Biology of Reinforcement: Facets of Brain Stimulation and Reward

1981 • 45 citations

EFFECT OF AMOUNT OF TRAINING ON RATE AND DURATION OF RESPONDING DURING EXTINCTION¹

1963 • 44 citations

Behavioral Neuroscience: An Introduction

1981 • 44 citations

Blockade of intracranial self-stimulation by antipsychotic drugs: Failure to correlate with central alpha-noradrenergic blockade

1977 • 43 citations

Effects of pimozide on accuracy of performance and distribution of correct responding on a simultaneous discrimination task in the rat

1980 • 43 citations

Small-dose intravenous heroin facilitates hypothalamic self-stimulation without response suppression in rats

1981 • 42 citations

The immediate effects of chlorpromazine in newly admitted schizophrenic patients

1975 • 42 citations

Catecholaminergic and cholinergic agents and duration regulation of ICSS in the rat

1979 • 42 citations

Central 5-hydroxytryptamine and the effects of hallucinogens and phenobarbital on operant responding in rats

1981 • 41 citations

Dopaminergic mediation of reward: Evidence gained using a natural reinforcer in a behavioral contrast paradigm

1981 • 40 citations

Extinction and the necessity or non-necessity of anticipating reward on nonrewarded trials

1970 • 40 citations

An investigation of nalorphine and perphenazine as negative reinforcers in an escape paradigm

1977 • 40 citations

Parenteral haloperidol in controlling patient behavior during acute psychotic episodes.

1969 • 39 citations

Effects of d-amphetamine and disruption of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neuronal systems on the synthesis of dopamine in selected regions of the rat brain

1980 • 39 citations

Anomalous behavioral response to imidazoleacetic acid, a GABA agonist, in animals treated chronically with haloperidol.

1980 • 39 citations

Psychoanalysis of Behavior: Collected Papers by Sandor Rado

1957 • 39 citations

A comparison between lick or lever-pressing contingent reward and the effects of neuroleptics thereon.

1979 • 38 citations

The temporal structure of motivation IV: A reexamination of extinction effects in intracranial reward

1981 • 37 citations

Predictability in Psychopharmacology: Preclinical and Clinical Correlations

1976 • 36 citations

Apomorphine induced reinforcement

1967 • 33 citations

Pimozide attenuates conditioned taste preferences induced by self-stimulation in rats

1981 • 33 citations

A comparative trial of oxypertine and chlorpromazine in chronic schizophrenia.

1969 • 32 citations

Sequential Effects on Rats' Lever-Pressing and Pigeon's Key-Pecking

1980 • 32 citations

Behavioral neuroscience: An introduction

1980 • 30 citations

The order of continuous, partial and nonreward trials and resistance to extinction

1978 • 29 citations

A reexamination of apomorphine induced stereotypy in the rat in light of self administration experiments

1979 • 28 citations

Associative processes controlling the persistence of operant responding: S-S* and R-S*

1980 • 27 citations

Dopamine neuronal activity during operant behavior

1979 • 26 citations

Liquid butaperazine in the treatment of chronic psychosis in a mental health clinic.

1969 • 26 citations

Biology of reinforcement: Facets of brain stimulation reward

1981 • 24 citations