Energy regulatory signals and food reward

Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue

1994 • 12,975 citations

‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management

2013 • 9,251 citations

Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach

1999 • 8,261 citations

Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies

2013 • 8,227 citations

What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?

1998 • 3,973 citations

A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding

2001 • 3,415 citations

Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orexin) Project to Multiple Neuronal Systems

1998 • 3,381 citations

Anorexigenic and Orexigenic Hormone Modulation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Activity and the Regulation of Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein mRNA Expression

2012 • 3,329 citations

The Continuing Epidemics of Obesity and Diabetes in the United States

2001 • 2,803 citations

Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward

2002 • 2,558 citations

Obesity and the Environment: Where Do We Go from Here?

2003 • 2,205 citations

Role of Brain Insulin Receptor in Control of Body Weight and Reproduction

2000 • 2,178 citations

A Receptor in Pituitary and Hypothalamus That Functions in Growth Hormone Release

1996 • 2,048 citations

Brain Dopamine and Reward

1989 • 1,899 citations

Food reward: Brain substrates of wanting and liking

1996 • 1,831 citations

Brain dopamine and obesity

2001 • 1,817 citations

Ghrelin, a Novel Growth Hormone-Releasing Acylated Peptide, Is Synthesized in a Distinct Endocrine Cell Type in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Rats and Humans¹

2000 • 1,794 citations

The Distribution and Mechanism of Action of Ghrelin in the CNS Demonstrates a Novel Hypothalamic Circuit Regulating Energy Homeostasis

2003 • 1,617 citations

Differential expression of orexin receptors 1 and 2 in the rat brain

2001 • 1,593 citations

Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons

1992 • 1,585 citations

The Neuroscience of Natural Rewards: Relevance to Addictive Drugs

2002 • 1,439 citations

Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex

2007 • 1,409 citations

The Tissue Distribution of the mRNA of Ghrelin and Subtypes of Its Receptor, GHS-R, in Humans

2002 • 1,331 citations

Association Between Obesity and Psychiatric Disorders in the US Adult Population

2006 • 1,304 citations

The Nutrition Transition: New Trends in the Global Diet

2009 • 1,302 citations

NEUROPEPTIDE Y AND HUMAN PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE STIMULATE FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN RATS

1984 • 1,274 citations

A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seeking

2005 • 1,266 citations

Stomach Is a Major Source of Circulating Ghrelin, and Feeding State Determines Plasma Ghrelin-Like Immunoreactivity Levels in Humans

2001 • 1,231 citations

Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation

1996 • 1,177 citations

Decreased cerebrospinal-fluid/serum leptin ratio in obesity: a possible mechanism for leptin resistance

1996 • 1,170 citations

Consumption of a Fat-Rich Diet Activates a Proinflammatory Response and Induces Insulin Resistance in the Hypothalamus

2005 • 1,099 citations

Insulin receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system of the rat

1978 • 1,092 citations

Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons

1979 • 1,089 citations

Phenotypes of Mouse diabetes and Rat fatty Due to Mutations in the OB (Leptin) Receptor

1996 • 1,074 citations

Expression of ghrelin receptor mRNA in the rat and the mouse brain

2005 • 1,029 citations

Distributions of leptin receptor mRNA isoforms in the rat brain

1998 • 1,011 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid leptin levels: Relationship to plasma levels and to adiposity in humans

1996 • 1,004 citations

Ghrelin modulates the activity and synaptic input organization of midbrain dopamine neurons while promoting appetite

2006 • 922 citations

Brain Reward Circuitry

2002 • 875 citations

Neurobiology of Relapse to Heroin and Cocaine Seeking: A Review

2002 • 874 citations

Leptin Receptor Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Regulates Feeding

2006 • 872 citations

Insulin in the Brain: A Hormonal Regulator of Energy Balance*

1992 • 784 citations

Proopiomelanocortin Neurons Are Direct Targets for Leptin in the Hypothalamus

1997 • 731 citations

Region-Specific Leptin Resistance within the Hypothalamus of Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2004 • 716 citations

Associative Processes in Addiction and Reward The Role of Amygdala‐Ventral Striatal Subsystems

1999 • 713 citations

Orexin A in the VTA Is Critical for the Induction of Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Sensitization to Cocaine

2006 • 704 citations

Hypocretin/Orexin- and melanin-concentrating hormone-expressing cells form distinct populations in the rodent lateral hypothalamus: Relationship to the neuropeptide Y and agouti gene-related protein systems

1998 • 687 citations

Leptin Regulation of the Mesoaccumbens Dopamine Pathway

2006 • 615 citations

Leptin Regulates Striatal Regions and Human Eating Behavior

2007 • 608 citations

Key enzyme in leptin-induced anorexia

2001 • 574 citations

Localization of brain reinforcement mechanisms: intracranial self-administration and intracranial place-conditioning studies

1999 • 573 citations

Decreasing hypothalamic insulin receptors causes hyperphagia and insulin resistance in rats

2002 • 573 citations

Inhibition of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression by insulin.

1992 • 533 citations

Obesity

2002 • 532 citations

Opioid modulation of taste hedonics within the ventral striatum

2002 • 514 citations

Direct Involvement of Orexinergic Systems in the Activation of the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway and Related Behaviors Induced by Morphine

2006 • 501 citations

Anatomical substrates of orexin–dopamine interactions: lateral hypothalamic projections to the ventral tegmental area

2002 • 499 citations

Ghrelin, a Novel Growth Hormone-Releasing Acylated Peptide, Is Synthesized in a Distinct Endocrine Cell Type in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Rats and Humans

2000 • 469 citations

Receptor-Mediated Transport of Insulin Across Endothelial Cells

1985 • 462 citations

Insulin Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus

2003 • 458 citations

Ghrelin-Induced Food Intake Is Mediated via the Orexin Pathway

2003 • 458 citations

Expression of receptors for insulin and leptin in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN) of the rat

2003 • 453 citations

Acute Central Ghrelin and GH Secretagogues Induce Feeding and Activate Brain Appetite Centers

2002 • 420 citations

Growth Hormone Secretagogue Binding Sites in Peripheral Human Tissues1

2000 • 418 citations

Interaction between glucocorticoid hormones, stress and psychostimulant drugs*

2002 • 415 citations

Modulation of Brain Reward Circuitry by Leptin

2000 • 411 citations

Genetic approaches to studying energy balance: perception and integration

2002 • 401 citations

Insulin and leptin: dual adiposity signals to the brain for the regulation of food intake and body weight

1999 • 398 citations

Ghrelin induces feeding in the mesolimbic reward pathway between the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens

2005 • 391 citations

Insulin receptors in the central nervous system: Localization, signalling mechanisms and functional aspects

1991 • 386 citations

Evidence That the Caudal Brainstem Is a Target for the Inhibitory Effect of Leptin on Food Intake

2002 • 374 citations

Stomach Is a Major Source of Circulating Ghrelin, and Feeding State Determines Plasma Ghrelin-Like Immunoreactivity Levels in Humans

2001 • 372 citations

Involvement of the Lateral Hypothalamic Peptide Orexin in Morphine Dependence and Withdrawal

2003 • 363 citations

Analysis of the microstructure of the rhythmic tongue movements of rats ingesting maltose and sucrose solutions.

1992 • 363 citations

Effect of Intracerebroventricular Insulin Infusion on Diabetic Hyperphagia and Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Gene Expression

1995 • 361 citations

The Tissue Distribution of the mRNA of Ghrelin and Subtypes of Its Receptor, GHS-R, in Humans

2002 • 356 citations

Overfeeding Rapidly Induces Leptin and Insulin Resistance

2001 • 353 citations

Expression of Ghrelin and of the GH Secretagogue Receptor by Pancreatic Islet Cells and Related Endocrine Tumors

2002 • 347 citations

Ghrelin in the regulation of body weight and metabolism

2009 • 345 citations

PRECLINICAL STUDY: Ghrelin stimulates locomotor activity and accumbal dopamine‐overflow via central cholinergic systems in mice: implications for its involvement in brain reward

2006 • 342 citations

Kidney produces a novel acylated peptide, ghrelin

2000 • 336 citations

Role of adipose tissue in body-weight regulation: mechanisms regulating leptin production and energy balance

2000 • 332 citations

Differential Expression of Motivational Stimulus Properties by Dopamine in Nucleus Accumbens Shell versus Core and Prefrontal Cortex

2002 • 331 citations

Food Intake and the Regulation of Body Weight

2000 • 331 citations

Feeding and body-weight regulation by hypothalamic neuropeptides—mediation of the actions of leptin

1999 • 330 citations

Properties and Opioid Inhibition of Mesolimbic Dopamine Neurons Vary according to Target Location

2006 • 329 citations

Impaired transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier in obesity☆

1999 • 328 citations

Concentrations of Insulin and of Insulin Receptors in the Brain are Independent of Peripheral Insulin Levels

1979 • 324 citations

Intake of high-fat food is selectively enhanced by mu opioid receptor stimulation within the nucleus accumbens.

1998 • 322 citations

Localization and Characterization of Insulin Receptors in Rat Brain and Pituitary Gland Usingin VitroAutoradiography and Computerized Densitometry*

1987 • 319 citations

The Expression of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Ligand Ghrelin in Normal and Abnormal Human Pituitary and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors1

2001 • 315 citations

Obesity induced by a high-fat diet is associated with reduced brain insulin transport in dogs.

2000 • 314 citations

Evidence of a Functional Relationship between the Nucleus Accumbens Shell and Lateral Hypothalamus Subserving the Control of Feeding Behavior

1999 • 310 citations

Food preferences in human obesity: Carbohydrates versus fats

1992 • 301 citations

Exposure to elevated levels of dietary fat attenuates psychostimulant reward and mesolimbic dopamine turnover in the rat.

2008 • 300 citations

Protein Kinase C-mediated Phosphorylation and Functional Regulation of Dopamine Transporters in Striatal Synaptosomes

1997 • 298 citations

Augmentation of drug reward by chronic food restriction

2002 • 296 citations

Dopaminergic correlates of motivated behavior: importance of drive

1995 • 296 citations

The Orexigenic Effect of Ghrelin Is Mediated through Central Activation of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System

2008 • 292 citations

Taste responses and preferences for sweet high-fat foods: Evidence for opioid involvement☆

1992 • 290 citations

Interactions between the “cognitive” and “metabolic” brain in the control of food intake

2007 • 282 citations

Increased Drug-Reinforced Behavior due to Food Deprivation

1984 • 271 citations

Ghrelin Amplifies Dopamine Signaling by Cross Talk Involving Formation of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor/Dopamine Receptor Subtype 1 Heterodimers

2006 • 268 citations

Central insulin action regulates peripheral glucose and fat metabolism in mice

2008 • 263 citations

Growth Hormone Secretagogue Binding Sites in Peripheral Human Tissues

2000 • 257 citations

Characterizaton of Short Isoforms of the Leptin Receptor in Rat Cerebral Microvessels and of Brain Uptake of Leptin in Mouse Models of Obesity

2002 • 252 citations

The NPY/AgRP neuron and energy homeostasis

2001 • 248 citations

Orexin Signaling in the Ventral Tegmental Area Is Required for High-Fat Appetite Induced by Opioid Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens

2007 • 246 citations

The dopamine transporter: A crucial component regulating dopamine transmission

1997 • 230 citations

Agouti-Related Peptide, Neuropeptide Y, and Somatostatin-Producing Neurons Are Targets for Ghrelin Actions in the Rat Hypothalamus

2003 • 229 citations

Proopiomelanocortin Neurons Are Direct Targets for Leptin in the Hypothalamus

1997 • 226 citations

Adiposity signals and food reward: expanding the CNS roles of insulin and leptin

2003 • 218 citations

Minireview: Nutrient Sensing and the Regulation of Insulin Action and Energy Balance

2003 • 217 citations

Leptin Receptor Signaling and Action in the Central Nervous System

2006 • 208 citations

Reduction of food intake and body weight by chronic intraventricular insulin infusion

1984 • 207 citations

Opioids and food intake: distributed functional neural pathways?

1999 • 205 citations

Lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons are critically involved in learning to associate an environment with morphine reward

2007 • 198 citations

A dopamine‐μ₁ opioid link in the rat ventral tegmentum shared by palatable food (Fonzies) and non‐psychostimulant drugs of abuse

1998 • 195 citations

Naloxone, an opiate blocker, reduces the consumption of sweet high-fat foods in obese and lean female binge eaters

1995 • 189 citations

Kinetics and specificity of insulin uptake from plasma into cerebrospinal fluid.

1990 • 188 citations

Neural control of appetite: cross-talk between homeostatic and non-homeostatic systems

2004 • 185 citations

Leptin Attenuates Acute Food Deprivation-Induced Relapse to Heroin Seeking

2001 • 184 citations

Molecular and neural mediators of leptin action

2008 • 181 citations

Expression of Ghrelin in the Cyclic and Pregnant Rat Ovary

2003 • 181 citations

Fasting Regulates Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y, Agouti-Related Peptide, and Proopiomelanocortin in Diabetic Mice Independent of Changes in Leptin or Insulin1

1999 • 181 citations

Nucleus accumbens cell firing during goal-directed behaviors for cocaine vs. ‘natural’ reinforcement

2002 • 181 citations

Increased Hypothalamic Content of Preproneuropeptide-Y Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats*

1990 • 180 citations

Leptin regulation of neuronal excitability and cognitive function

2007 • 178 citations

Inhibition of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression by insulin

1992 • 172 citations

Intraventricular insulin increases dopamine transporter mRNA in rat VTA/substantia nigra

1994 • 171 citations

Small molecule insulin mimetics reduce food intake and body weight and prevent development of obesity

2002 • 171 citations

Neuropeptides and obesity

2000 • 171 citations

Intraventricular Insulin and Leptin Reverse Place Preference Conditioned With High-Fat Diet in Rats.

2004 • 170 citations

Reduced anticipatory locomotor responses to scheduled meals in ghrelin receptor deficient mice

2009 • 170 citations

Ghrelin—not just another stomach hormone

2002 • 169 citations

Localization of 125I-insulin binding sites in the rat hypothalamus by quantitative autoradiography

1986 • 167 citations

Insulin modulates leptin‐induced STAT3 activation in rat hypothalamus

2001 • 167 citations

Intraventricular insulin and leptin decrease sucrose self-administration in rats

2006 • 165 citations

Regulation of food intake and body weight by insulin

1981 • 164 citations

Trends in Overweight from 1980 through 2001 among Preschool‐Aged Children Enrolled in a Health Maintenance Organization

2006 • 163 citations

Behavior-Relevant Changes in Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Transmission Elicited by Food Reinforcement: An Electrochemical Study in Rat

1996 • 163 citations

A subset of ventral tegmental area neurons is inhibited by dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and opioids

1997 • 162 citations

Leptin and insulin stimulation of signalling pathways in arcuate nucleus neurones: PI3K dependent actin reorganization and KATP channel activation.

2004 • 162 citations

The Expression of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Ligand Ghrelin in Normal and Abnormal Human Pituitary and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors

2001 • 161 citations

Partial saturation and regional variation in the blood-to-brain transport of leptin in normal weight mice

2000 • 157 citations

Reduced anorexic effects of insulin in obesity-prone rats fed a moderate-fat diet

2004 • 157 citations

Sugars and Fats: The Neurobiology of Preference

2003 • 154 citations

Eating Elicited by Orexin-A, But Not Melanin-Concentrating Hormone, Is Opioid Mediated

2002 • 154 citations

Obesity, Diabetes and Functions for Proopiomelanocortin-derived Peptides

1997 • 152 citations

Central Leptin Acutely Reverses Diet-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance

2005 • 151 citations

Akt Is Essential for Insulin Modulation of Amphetamine-Induced Human Dopamine Transporter Cell-Surface Redistribution

2005 • 150 citations

Effects of triglycerides, obesity, and starvation on ghrelin transport across the blood–brain barrier

2008 • 149 citations

Modulation of food reward by adiposity signals

2006 • 149 citations

Dopaminergic Agonists Normalize Elevated Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Body Weight Gain, and Hyperglycemia in ob/ob Mice

2000 • 148 citations

Acute third ventricular administration of insulin decreases food intake in two paradigms

2002 • 148 citations

Acute Central Ghrelin and GH Secretagogues Induce Feeding and Activate Brain Appetite Centers

2002 • 146 citations

Food Deprivation Decreases mRNA and Activity of the Rat Dopamine Transporter

1998 • 145 citations

Mapping of chemical trigger zones for reward

2004 • 140 citations

Morphine down-regulates melanocortin-4 receptor expression in brain regions that mediate opiate addiction.

1996 • 138 citations

Cross‐Talk between the Insulin and Leptin Signaling Systems in Rat Hypothalamus^**

2005 • 138 citations

Intracerebroventricular infusions of 3-OHB and insulin in a rat model of dietary obesity

1988 • 132 citations

Insulin and Leptin Combine Additively to Reduce Food Intake and Body Weight in Rats

2002 • 130 citations

Ghrelin Acts on Leptin‐Responsive Neurones in the Rat Arcuate Nucleus

2002 • 129 citations

Leptin reverses sucrose-conditioned place preference in food-restricted rats

2001 • 128 citations

Accumbens dopamine and the regulation of effort in food-seeking behavior: modulation of work output by different ratio or force requirements

2003 • 126 citations

Feeding, drug abuse, and the sensitization of reward by metabolic need

1996 • 125 citations

Insulin and insulinomimetic agents induce activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase upon its association with pp185 (IRS-1) in intact rat livers.

1992 • 125 citations

Naloxone blocks that portion of feeding driven by sweet taste in food-restricted rats

1995 • 125 citations

Naloxone attenuation of sham feeding is modified by manipulation of sucrose concentration

1988 • 124 citations

Ghrelin and Dopamine: New Insights on the Peripheral Regulation of Appetite

2009 • 123 citations

Differential Regulation of the Consummatory, Motivational and Anticipatory Aspects of Feeding Behavior by Dopaminergic and Opioidergic Drugs

2005 • 121 citations

Effect of intracerebroventricular insulin infusion on diabetic hyperphagia and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression

1995 • 115 citations

The amygdala is critical for opioid-mediated binge eating of fat

2004 • 115 citations

Insulin binding to brain capillaries is reduced in genetically obese, hyperinsulinemic Zucker rats

1990 • 113 citations

Expression of Ghrelin and of the GH Secretagogue Receptor by Pancreatic Islet Cells and Related Endocrine Tumors

2002 • 112 citations

Starvation and Triglycerides Reverse the Obesity-Induced Impairment of Insulin Transport at the Blood-Brain Barrier

2008 • 111 citations

Leptin transport across the blood–brain barrier of the Koletsky rat is not mediated by a product of the leptin receptor gene

2002 • 111 citations

Comparative distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue‐receptor (GHS‐R) in Microcebus murinus (Primate, Lemurian) and rat forebrain and pituitary

2000 • 110 citations

Effects of chronic intrahypothalamic infusion of insulin on food intake and diurnal meal patterning in the rat.

1990 • 109 citations

Naloxone's anorectic effect is dependant upon the relative palatability of food

1993 • 105 citations

Insulin acts at different CNS sites to decrease acute sucrose intake and sucrose self-administration in rats

2008 • 105 citations

The Blood-Brain Barrier as a Cause of Obesity

2008 • 103 citations

Comparative distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue-receptor (GHS-R) inMicrocebus murinus (Primate, Lemurian) and rat forebrain and pituitary

2000 • 103 citations

Characterization and Regulation of Insulin Receptors in Rat Brain

1984 • 101 citations

Naltrexone administered to central nucleus of amygdala or PVN: neural dissociation of diet and energy

2000 • 100 citations

Effects of nalmefene on feeding in humans

1990 • 100 citations

Intraventricular insulin and the level of maintained body weight in rats.

1995 • 100 citations

Addiction and arousal: The hypocretin connection

2007 • 99 citations

CNS Melanocortin System Involvement in the Regulation of Food Intake

2000 • 95 citations

Acute changes in the response to peripheral leptin with alteration in the diet composition

2001 • 95 citations

Intraventricular insulin and the level of maintained body weight in rats.

1995 • 95 citations

Dynamic regulation of leptin entry into brain by the blood–brain barrier

2000 • 95 citations

Potency of naloxone's anorectic effect in rats is dependent on diet preference

1996 • 94 citations

Characterization of a novel ghrelin cell reporter mouse

2009 • 94 citations

Altered Hypothalamic Leptin, Insulin, and Melanocortin Binding Associated with Moderate-Fat Diet and Predisposition to Obesity

2006 • 93 citations

Similar effect of raclopride and reduced sucrose concentration on the microstructure of sucrose sham feeding

1990 • 93 citations

The Subfornical Organ: A Central Target for Circulating Feeding Signals

2006 • 93 citations

Attenuation of sham feeding by naloxone is stereospecific: Evidence for opioid mediation of orosensory reward

1988 • 93 citations

Blockade of melanocortin transmission inhibits cocaine reward

2005 • 92 citations

Testis-specific and developmentally induced expression of a ghrelin gene-derived transcript that encodes a novel polypeptide in the mouse

2001 • 92 citations

Paraventricular opioids alter intake of high-fat but not high-sucrose diet depending on diet preference in a binge model of feeding

2007 • 91 citations

Nor-binaltorphimine decreases deprivation and opioid-induced feeding

1990 • 91 citations

Naloxone effects on sucrose-motivated behavior

1996 • 90 citations

Molecular regulation of eating behavior: new insights and prospects for therapeutic strategies

2001 • 88 citations

Amygdala Subsystems and Control of Feeding Behavior by Learned Cues

2003 • 87 citations

Analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and insulin transcripts in human neuroendocrine tissues

1990 • 86 citations

Body Mass Index and Marijuana Use

2005 • 85 citations

Reduced Effect of Experimental Peripheral Hyperinsulinemia to Elevate Cerebrospinal Fluid Insulin Concentrations of Obese Zucker Rats*

1987 • 85 citations

The action of leptin in the ventral tegmental area to decrease food intake is dependent on Jak-2 signaling

2009 • 84 citations

Alterations in food intake by opioid and dopamine signaling pathways between the ventral tegmental area and the shell of the nucleus accumbens

2004 • 81 citations

Effect of naloxone and naltrexone on the development of satiation measured in the runway: Comparisons with d-amphetamine and d-fenfluramine

1986 • 79 citations

Reduction by central ß-funaltrexamine of food intake in rats under freely-feeding, deprivation and glucoprivic conditions

1990 • 79 citations

Amygdala-lesion obesity: what is the role of the various amygdaloid nuclei?

2000 • 78 citations

Evidence That the Caudal Brainstem Is a Target for the Inhibitory Effect of Leptin on Food Intake

2002 • 76 citations

Pharmacology of Flavor Preference Conditioning in Sham-Feeding Rats

1999 • 76 citations

Interaction of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala in naloxone blockade of neuropeptide Y-induced feeding revealed by c-fos expression.

1997 • 75 citations

Melanin-concentrating hormone functions in the nervous system: food intake and stress

2003 • 71 citations

Evaluation of rat insulin messenger RNA in pancreatic and extrapancreatic tissues

1985 • 68 citations

Central insulin and macronutrient intake in the rat

1996 • 67 citations

Effect of naloxone on intake of cornstarch, sucrose, and polycose diets in restricted and nonrestricted rats

1996 • 67 citations

Insulin and ghrelin: peripheral hormones modulating memory and hippocampal function

2007 • 66 citations

Selective opioid receptor antagonist effects upon intake of a high-fat diet in rats

1990 • 65 citations

Modifications in food intake and energy metabolism in rats as a function of chronic naltrexone infusions

1984 • 63 citations

Naloxone's effects on operant responding depend upon level of deprivation

1994 • 63 citations

Interaction of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus and Central Nucleus of the Amygdala in Naloxone Blockade of Neuropeptide Y-Induced Feeding Revealed byc-fosExpression

1997 • 61 citations

Ventral tegmental area opioid mechanisms and modulation of ingestive behavior

1995 • 59 citations

Ventral tegmental injections of a selective μ or δ opioid enhance feeding in food-deprived rats

1995 • 58 citations

Minireview: Characterization of Influence of Central Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ on Consummatory Behavior

2004 • 58 citations

Persistence of blood-to-brain transport of leptin in obese leptin-deficient and leptin receptor-deficient mice

2000 • 57 citations

Differential leptin access into the brain — A hierarchical organization of hypothalamic leptin target sites?

2008 • 57 citations

Fasting Regulates Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y, Agouti-Related Peptide, and Proopiomelanocortin in Diabetic Mice Independent of Changes in Leptin or Insulin

1999 • 56 citations

Insulin and IGF‐I Receptor Signaling in Cultured Neurons^a

1993 • 55 citations

LRb signals act within a distributed network of leptin‐responsive neurones to mediate leptin action

2007 • 54 citations

Diet-induced obesity increases μ opioid receptor binding in specific regions of the rat brain

2002 • 54 citations

Characterizaton of Short Isoforms of the Leptin Receptor in Rat Cerebral Microvessels and of Brain Uptake of Leptin in Mouse Models of Obesity

2002 • 53 citations

Ingestive behavior following central [D-Ala2, Leu5, Cys6]-Enkephalin (DALCE), a short-acting agonist and long-acting antagonist at the delta opioid receptor

1991 • 53 citations

Effect of diet-induced obesity and experimental hyperinsulinemia on insulin uptake into CSF of the rat

1993 • 52 citations

Regulation of food intake and body weight in insulin.

1981 • 51 citations

Hypoinsulinemia may mediate the lowering of self-stimulation thresholds by food restriction and streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2000 • 50 citations

Central and peripheral contributions of endogenous opioid systems to nutrient selection in rats

1985 • 49 citations

Intraventricular insulin decreases kappa opioid-mediated sucrose intake in rats

2002 • 49 citations

Different effects of short- and long-term treatment with imipramine on the apomorphine- and food-induced place preference conditioning in rats

1988 • 48 citations

Effects of chronic food restriction on mu and kappa opioid binding in rat forebrain: a quantitative autoradiographic study

1994 • 48 citations

Eating Elicited by Orexin-A, But Not Melanin-Concentrating Hormone, Is Opioid Mediated

2002 • 47 citations

ß-Funaltrexamine (ß-FNA) decreases deprivation and opioid-induced feeding

1991 • 45 citations

RAPID TRANSPORT OF BIOLOGICALLY INTACT INSULIN THROUGH CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

1984 • 43 citations

Insulin Receptors Mediate Growth Effects in Cultured Fetal Neurons. II. Activation of a Protein Kinase that Phosphorylates Ribosomal Protein S6*

1989 • 43 citations

Effects of parabrachial opioid antagonism on stimulation-induced feeding

1991 • 42 citations

Neuroendocrine regulation of food intake

1999 • 41 citations

Chronic food restriction alters μ and κ opioid receptor binding in the parabrachial nucleus of the rat: a quantitative autoradiographic study

1996 • 40 citations

In vitro demonstration of a saturable transport system for leptin across the blood-brain barrier

2001 • 39 citations

Processing of cell-bound insulin by capillary and macrovascular endothelial cells in culture

1985 • 39 citations

Insulin and IGF-I stimulate phosphorylation of their respective receptors in intact neuronal and glial cells in primary culture

1989 • 38 citations

Sensory mechanisms in the behavioral control of body fluid balance: thirst and salt appetite.

1995 • 38 citations

Insulin and raclopride combine to decrease short-term intake of sucrose solutions

2000 • 37 citations

Analysis of opioid receptor subtype antagonist effects upon mu opioid agonist-induced feeding elicited from the ventral tegmental area of rats

2002 • 35 citations

Naltrexone suppresses the late but not early licking response to a palatable sweet solution: opioid hedonic hypothesis reconsidered

2002 • 33 citations

Intraventricular ghrelin activates oxytocin neurons: implications in feeding behavior

2007 • 30 citations

Role of carbohydrate type on diet selection in neuropeptide Y-stimulated rats

1997 • 30 citations

Insulin and Leptin Combine Additively to Reduce Food Intake and Body Weight in Rats

2002 • 30 citations

Neural substrate for an integrated metabolic control of feeding behavior

1999 • 29 citations

Obesity-inducing lesions of the central nervous system alter leptin uptake by the blood-brain barrier

2001 • 29 citations

Delta and Kappa Opioid Receptor Subtypes and Ingestion: Antagonist and Glucoprivic Effects

1997 • 27 citations

The Effect of Opioid Antagonismon Food Intake Behavior and Body Weight in a Biobehavioral Model of Obese Binge Eating

2002 • 26 citations

Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factors Stimulatein VivoReceptor Autophosphorylation and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of a 70K Substrate in Cultured Fetal Chick Neurons*

1991 • 23 citations

The effects of continuous naltrexone infusions on diet preferences are modulated by adaptation to the diets

1992 • 23 citations

Orexins (hypocretins): novel hypothalamic peptides with divergent functions

2000 • 22 citations

Conditioning with taste as the CS in conditioned flavor preference learning

1997 • 21 citations

Insulin stimulates inositol incorporation in hippocampus of lean but not obese Zucker rats

1990 • 18 citations

Diabetes alters μ and κ opioid binding in rat brain regions: comparison with effects of food restriction

1996 • 17 citations

Behavioral effects of amphetamine in streptozotocin-treated rats

2007 • 15 citations

Effects of chronic administration of naltrexone on appetitive behaviors of rats.

1981 • 7 citations