Uncertainties − discrepancies in immunology

Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions

1999 • 5,659 citations

The Dendritic Cell System and its Role in Immunogenicity

1991 • 4,733 citations

Tolerance, Danger, and the Extended Family

1994 • 4,654 citations

Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs

1998 • 2,378 citations

Cytotoxicity mediated by T cells and natural killer cells is greatly impaired in perforin-deficient mice

1994 • 1,772 citations

Immunological Memory and Protective Immunity: Understanding Their Relation

1996 • 1,771 citations

A Theory of Self-Nonself Discrimination

1970 • 1,700 citations

Immune Response in Mice that Lack the Interferon-γ Receptor

1993 • 1,570 citations

Clonal Expansion Versus Functional Clonal Inactivation: A Costimulatory Signalling Pathway Determines the Outcome of T Cell Antigen Receptor Occupancy

1989 • 1,512 citations

Consequences of Cell Death

2000 • 1,382 citations

Costimulation of T lymphocytes: the role of CD28, CTLA-4, and B7/BB1 in interleukin-2 production and immunotherapy

1992 • 1,290 citations

Humoral Immunity Due to Long-Lived Plasma Cells

1998 • 1,223 citations

Virus persistence in acutely infected immunocompetent mice by exhaustion of antiviral cytotoxic effector T cells

1993 • 1,219 citations

Ablation of “tolerance” and induction of diabetes by virus infection in viral antigen transgenic mice

1991 • 1,187 citations

Role of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in Presenting MHC Class I-Restricted Tumor Antigens

1994 • 1,185 citations

A Primitive T Cell-Independent Mechanism of Intestinal Mucosal IgA Responses to Commensal Bacteria

2000 • 1,085 citations

Cell migration, chimerism, and graft acceptance

1992 • 1,075 citations

Clonal deletion of B lymphocytes in a transgenic mouse bearing anti-MHC class I antibody genes

1989 • 1,015 citations

The somatic generation of immune recognition

1971 • 974 citations

THE INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOLOGICALLY COMMITTED LYMPHOID CELLS ON MACROPHAGE ACTIVITY IN VIVO

1969 • 932 citations

LIGAND RECOGNITION BY αβ T CELL RECEPTORS

1998 • 904 citations

Control of Early Viral and Bacterial Distribution and Disease by Natural Antibodies

1999 • 895 citations

Cloned dendritic cells can present exogenous antigens on both MHC class I and class II molecules.

1997 • 837 citations

The hepatitis B virus persists for decades after patients' recovery from acute viral hepatitis despite active maintenance of a cytotoxic T–lymphocyte response

1996 • 832 citations

Dynamics of T Lymphocyte Responses: Intermediates, Effectors, and Memory Cells

2000 • 807 citations

THE IMMUNOLOGICAL BASIS OF ACQUIRED CELLULAR RESISTANCE

1964 • 804 citations

Naive and memory T cells show distinct pathways of lymphocyte recirculation.

1990 • 792 citations

Selection of genetic variants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in spleens of persistently infected mice. Role in suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and viral persistence.

1984 • 782 citations

Persistence of Memory CD8 T Cells in MHC Class I-Deficient Mice

1999 • 738 citations

The Influence of Antigen Organization on B Cell Responsiveness

1993 • 701 citations

Genes and Antibodies

1959 • 675 citations

Cytotoxic T-cell memory without antigen

1994 • 669 citations

Immunology Taught by Viruses

1996 • 656 citations

Constitutive class I-restricted exogenous presentation of self antigens in vivo.

1996 • 637 citations

The Regulatory Influence of Activated T Cells on B Cell Responses to Antigen

1972 • 633 citations

Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to virus-infected non-haematopoietic cells requires presentation of exogenous antigen

1999 • 586 citations

A NEW ANALYSIS OF ALLOGENEIC INTERACTIONS

1975 • 551 citations

A Critical Role of Natural Immunoglobulin M in Immediate Defense Against Systemic Bacterial Infection

1998 • 538 citations

Somatic mutation and the maturation of immune response to 2-phenyl oxazolone

1984 • 534 citations

Virus-specific CD8+ T-cell memory determined by clonal burst size

1994 • 525 citations

Selective expansion of high- or low-avidity cytotoxic T lymphocytes and efficacy for adoptive immunotherapy.

1996 • 520 citations

Roles of tumour localization, second signals and cross priming in cytotoxic T-cell induction

2001 • 500 citations

Assembly of MHC class I molecules analyzed in vitro

1990 • 491 citations

ON IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY

1996 • 482 citations

Immune surveillance against a solid tumor fails because of immunological ignorance

1999 • 463 citations

Why do so many lymphocytes respond to major histocompatibility antigens?

1977 • 462 citations

IgG2a restriction of murine antibodies elicited by viral infections.

1987 • 429 citations

THE REQUIREMENT OF MORE THAN ONE ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT FOR IMMUNOGENICITY

1969 • 412 citations

Heterosubtypic immunity to influenza type A virus in mice. Effector mechanisms and their longevity.

1994 • 400 citations

Bone marrow is a major site of long-term antibody production after acute viral infection

1995 • 384 citations

Transgenic Mice and Analysis of B-Cell Tolerance

1992 • 362 citations

How the immune system works to protect the host from infection: A personal view

2001 • 341 citations

Dendritic Cells Induce Autoimmune Diabetes and Maintain Disease via De Novo Formation of Local Lymphoid Tissue

1998 • 315 citations

The Biology of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Infection: Virus-induced Immune Disease

1962 • 309 citations

Fibroblasts as Efficient Antigen-Presenting Cells in Lymphoid Organs

1995 • 308 citations

Mechanisms of Exogenous Antigen Presentation by MHC Class I Molecules in Vitro and in Vivo: Implications for Generating CD8+ T Cell Responses to Infectious Agents, Tumors, Transplants, and Vaccines

1999 • 293 citations

T Cell Receptor-MHC Class I Peptide Interactions: Affinity, Kinetics, and Specificity

1994 • 292 citations

Thymus and Lymphohemopoietic Cells: Their Role in T Cell Maturation in Selection of T Cells' H‐2‐Restriction‐Specificity and in H‐2 Linked Ir Gene Control

1978 • 291 citations

Resistance to Intracellular Infection

1971 • 288 citations

Maternal Antibodies, Childhood Infections, and Autoimmune Diseases

2001 • 287 citations

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE AND THE REQUIREMENT FOR THYMUS-DERIVED CELLS IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1971 • 282 citations

Attrition of T Cell Memory

1999 • 278 citations

Immunological Unresponsiveness

1973 • 278 citations

The Role of Antibody Concentration and Avidity in Antiviral Protection

1997 • 265 citations

The Influence of Thymus H-2 Antigens on the Specificity of Maturing Killer and Helper Cells

1978 • 257 citations

Kinetics and affinity of reactions between an antigen-specific T cell receptor and peptide-MHC complexes

1994 • 253 citations

Cross-presentation: a general mechanism for CTL immunity and tolerance

1998 • 253 citations

Immunological Memory

1993 • 250 citations

On the role of antigen in maintaining cytotoxic T-cell memory.

1996 • 237 citations

The Protection: The Unit of Humoral Immunity Selected by Evolution

1990 • 236 citations

The Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection

1989 • 233 citations

Virus-triggered acquired immunodeficiency by cytotoxic T-cell-dependent destruction of antigen-presenting cells and lymph follicle structure.

1991 • 231 citations

A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION BETWEEN TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS POLYSACCHARIDE AND PURIFIED HOMOLOGOUS ANTIBODY

1929 • 230 citations

IgA production without μ or δ chain expression in developing B cells

2001 • 223 citations

Specific low-affinity recognition of major histocompatibility complex plus peptide by soluble T-cell receptor

1992 • 221 citations

Protective long-term antibody memory by antigen-driven and T help-dependent differentiation of long-lived memory B cells to short-lived plasma cells independent of secondary lymphoid organs

2000 • 216 citations

A critical role for neutralizing-antibody-producing B cells, CD4⁺T cells, and interferons in persistent and acute infections of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: Implications for adoptive immunotherapy of virus carriers

1997 • 202 citations

Early high-affinity neutralizing anti-viral IgG responses without further overall improvements of affinity.

1995 • 197 citations

Antigenic variation in malaria

1995 • 184 citations

Antigen-presenting cell types

1993 • 179 citations

A model for induction of T cell-independent humoral immunity in response to polysaccharide antigens.

1996 • 178 citations

Crucial role of marginal zone macrophages and marginal zone metallophils in the clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection

1997 • 162 citations

The immunogenicity of soluble haptenated polymers is determined by molecular mass and hapten valence.

1989 • 161 citations

Analyses of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to glycoprotein and nucleoprotein components of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

1988 • 155 citations

Role of H‐2 Gene Products in the Function of T Helper Cells from Normal and Chimeric Mice in Vivo¹

1978 • 153 citations

T-cell specificity for H–2 and Ir gene phenotype correlates with the phenotype of thymic antigen-presenting cells

1980 • 153 citations

Antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells: cross-priming in infectious diseases

2001 • 152 citations

THE RELATIONSHIP OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY TO ACQUIRED CELLULAR RESISTANCE

1967 • 144 citations

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

1971 • 143 citations

Major histocompatibility complex – dependent T cell epitopes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein and their protective capacity against viral disease

1989 • 140 citations

Restriction specificities, alloreactivity, and allotolerance expressed by T cells from nude mice reconstituted with H-2-compatible or -incompatible thymus grafts.

1980 • 139 citations

The dosage requirements for immunological paralysis by soluble proteins.

1968 • 137 citations

The Croonian Lecture: The homograft reaction

1958 • 136 citations

Antiviral protection by vesicular stomatitis virus-specific antibodies in alpha/beta interferon receptor-deficient mice

1995 • 131 citations

Protection against immunopathological consequences of a viral infection by activated but not resting cytotoxic T cells: T cell memory without “memory T cells”?

1997 • 131 citations

Critical Role for Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Priming of Cytotoxic T Cell Responses After Vaccination with Virus-Like Particles

2002 • 124 citations

Recombinant polyepitope vaccines for the delivery of multiple CD8 cytotoxic T cell epitopes.

1996 • 123 citations

Vaccination for Disease

1991 • 117 citations

Nude Mice in Immunology

2015 • 114 citations

The Specificity of Serological Reactions

1946 • 113 citations

On T Cell Memory: Arguments for Antigen Dependence

1996 • 113 citations

Persistence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus at very low levels in immune mice

1999 • 112 citations

The Role of Somatic Mutation in the Generation of the Protective Humoral Immune Response against Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

1996 • 110 citations

In a fully H-2 incompatible chimera, T cells of donor origin can respond to minor histocompatibility antigens in association with either donor or host H-2 type.

1978 • 108 citations

Discrepancy between in vitro measurable and in vivo virus neutralizing cytotoxic T cell reactivities. Low T cell receptor specificity and avidity sufficient for in vitro proliferation or cytotoxicity to peptide-coated target cells but not for in vivo protection.

1992 • 107 citations

The carrier effect in the secondary response to hapten-protein conjugates. V. Use of antilymphocyte serum to deplete animals of helper cells

1971 • 104 citations

Positive Selection of Thymocytes

1995 • 103 citations

Potential strategies utilised by papillomavirus to evade host immunity

1999 • 103 citations

The pathogenesis of infectious disease

1988 • 102 citations

N protein is the predominant antigen recognized by vesicular stomatitis virus-specific cytotoxic T cells

1986 • 101 citations

T and B cell Tolerance and Responses to Viral Antigens in Transgenic Mice: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune versus Immunopathological Disease

1991 • 97 citations

Peripheral clonal deletion of antiviral memory CD8⁺ T cells

1993 • 96 citations

Induction of protective cytotoxic T cells with viral proteins

1994 • 91 citations

Protective antitumor immunity induced by immunization with completely allogeneic tumor cells.

1996 • 89 citations

What is missing in immunology to understand immunity?

2000 • 86 citations

Paralytic Poliomyelitis: Old Dogmas and New Perspectives

1981 • 84 citations

On the role of thymic epithelium vs. bone marrow-derived cells in repertoire selection of T cells

1999 • 83 citations

Correlation of T Cell Independence of Antibody Responses with Antigen Dose Reaching Secondary Lymphoid Organs: Implications for Splenectomized Patients and Vaccine Design

2000 • 82 citations

The Role of Antibodies in Natural and Acquired Resistance of Mice to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

1988 • 75 citations

Therapy of lymphoma directed at idiotypes.

1990 • 73 citations

The Importance of Chimerism in Maintaining Tolerance of Skin Allografts in Mice

1973 • 73 citations

Autoantibody production in hepatitis B e antigen transgenic mice elicited with a self T-cell peptide and inhibited with nonself peptides.

1991 • 72 citations

One Non‐Specific Signal Triggers B Lymphocytes

1975 • 72 citations

Poliovirus vaccine vectors elicit antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells and protect mice against lethal challenge with malignant melanoma cells expressing a model antigen

1998 • 71 citations

How many specific B cells are needed to protect against a virus?

1994 • 69 citations

A comparison of T cell memory against the same antigen induced by virus versus intracellular bacteria

1999 • 68 citations

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Specific for Influenza Virus

1994 • 61 citations

Natural History of Infectious Disease

1962 • 58 citations

On immunological memory

2000 • 57 citations

Analysis of the kinetics of antiviral memory T help in vivo: characterization of short‐lived cross‐reactive T help

1990 • 55 citations

Why Positive Selection?

1993 • 52 citations

A minimal model for the self-nonself discrimination: a return to the basics

2000 • 51 citations

Primary antibody responses to a well-defined and unique hapten are not enhanced by preimmunization with carrier: analysis in a viral model.

1986 • 50 citations

The Rhabdoviruses

1987 • 48 citations

Induction of optimal anti-viral neutralizing B cell responses by dendritic cells requires transport and release of virus particles in secondary lymphoid organs

2000 • 48 citations

Cross-reactive cytotoxic T cells to serologically distinct vesicular stomatitis virus.

1980 • 47 citations

Lack of Significant Differences in Association Rates and Affinities of Antibodies from Short-Term and Long-Term Responses to Hen Egg Lysozyme

1999 • 45 citations

A year in the life of biomedical research

1996 • 44 citations

Skin test to assess virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell activity.

1992 • 43 citations

Virus neutralization by germ-line vs. hypermutated antibodies

2000 • 39 citations

Influenzal pneumonia: early appearance of cross-reactive T cells in lungs of mice primed with heterologous type A viruses.

1978 • 39 citations

The generation and maintenance of memory T and B cells

1999 • 38 citations

B cell repertoire in adult antigen‐free and conventional neonatal balb/c mice

1989 • 38 citations

Human Peyer's Patches: Lympho-Epithelial Relationships and Characteristics of Immunoglobulin-Producing Cells

1989 • 37 citations

The Standard Model of T‐Cell Receptor Function: A Critical Reassessment

1999 • 34 citations

Thymic Hormones

1979 • 28 citations

Development of the concept of immunologic specificity, I

1982 • 26 citations

Evolutionary and Somatic Immunological Memory

1989 • 24 citations

Antigens as Immunoregulators

1990 • 18 citations

Control of T‐Cell Development by the Pre‐T and αβ T‐Cell Receptor

1995 • 17 citations

Development of the concept of immunologic specificity: II

1982 • 16 citations

The Formation, Measurement, and Persistence of Antibodies in Man after Immunization

1956 • 10 citations

Role of Thymosin and other Thymic Factors in the Development, Maturation, and Functions of Lymphoid Tissue

1971 • 9 citations

Immunity to infection

1998 • 9 citations

Mechanisms in the suppression of delayed hypersensitivity in the guinea pig by 6-mercaptopurine. II: Kinetic and morphologic studies on the monocyte-macrophage component

1979 • 8 citations

Positive and Negative Selection of T Lymphocytes

1989 • 7 citations

THE WALTER AND ELIZA HALL INSTITUTE

1930 • 6 citations

Development of the concept of immunologic specificity: III

1983 • 3 citations

T Cell Mediated Cytotoxic Immune Reactivity of Bone Marrow Reconstituted Chimeric Mice

1980 • 2 citations

Primary nursing care within a public health nursing team--a new approach to public health nursing.

1981 • 1 citations