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Anatomy of the antibody molecule

Data up to Jan 2025

Published1994
Citations868
References174

Total Citations Per Year

Abstract

References (174)

Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity

1975 • 17,037 citations

Dictionary of protein secondary structure: Pattern recognition of hydrogen‐bonded and geometrical features

1983 • 14,802 citations

The protein data bank: A computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures

1977 • 8,627 citations

Sequences of proteins of immunological interest

1984 • 3,427 citations

Catalysis in chemistry and enzymology

1969 • 3,236 citations

Analytical molecular surface calculation

1983 • 2,454 citations

Hydrogen bonding in biological structures

1992 • 2,400 citations

Humanization of an anti-p185HER2 antibody for human cancer therapy.

1992 • 1,867 citations

Reshaping human antibodies for therapy

1988 • 1,555 citations

Protein engineering of antibody binding sites: recovery of specific activity in an anti-digoxin single-chain Fv analogue produced in Escherichia coli.

1988 • 1,536 citations

Single-Chain Antigen-Binding Proteins

1988 • 1,450 citations

Crystallographic refinement and atomic models of a human Fc fragment and its complex with fragment B of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus at 2.9- and 2.8-A resolution.

1981 • 1,432 citations

Canonical structures for the hypervariable regions of immunoglobulins

1987 • 1,357 citations

Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse

1986 • 1,356 citations

AN ANALYSIS OF THE SEQUENCES OF THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF BENCE JONES PROTEINS AND MYELOMA LIGHT CHAINS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTIBODY COMPLEMENTARITY

1970 • 1,308 citations

Crystallographic refinement and atomic models of a human Fc fragment and its complex with fragment B of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus at 2.9- and 2.8-.ANG. resolution

1981 • 1,286 citations

Three-Dimensional Structure of an Antigen-Antibody Complex at 2.8 Å Resolution

1986 • 1,173 citations

Conformations of immunoglobulin hypervariable regions

1989 • 1,165 citations

Hydrogen bonding and biological specificity analysed by protein engineering

1985 • 1,050 citations

Chimeric human antibody molecules: mouse antigen-binding domains with human constant region domains.

1984 • 1,002 citations

The Antigenic Structure of Proteins: A Reappraisal

1984 • 957 citations

THE COVALENT STRUCTURE OF AN ENTIRE γG IMMUNOGLOBULIN MOLECULE

1969 • 869 citations

ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN COMPLEXES

1990 • 853 citations

The structure of protein-protein recognition sites.

1990 • 825 citations

Protein Data Bank

1984 • 731 citations

Three-Dimensional Structure of Immunoglobulins

1979 • 692 citations

Aromatic rings act as hydrogen bond acceptors

1988 • 685 citations

A humanized antibody that binds to the interleukin 2 receptor.

1989 • 624 citations

Three-dimensional structure of an antibody-antigen complex.

1987 • 615 citations

Phosphocholine binding immunoglobulin Fab McPC603

1986 • 576 citations

Three-dimensional structure of a complex of antibody with influenza virus neuraminidase

1987 • 556 citations

The binding site for C1q on IgG

1988 • 556 citations

Structural Evidence for Induced Fit as a Mechanism for Antibody-Antigen Recognition

1992 • 519 citations

Antibody framework residues affecting the conformation of the hypervariable loops

1992 • 507 citations

The Three-Dimensional Structure of a Phosphorylcholine-Binding Mouse Immunoglobulin Fab and the Nature of the Antigen Binding Site

1974 • 465 citations

Structure of an antibody-antigen complex: crystal structure of the HyHEL-10 Fab-lysozyme complex.

1989 • 456 citations

Crystallographic refinement and atomic models of the intact immunoglobulin molecule Kol and its antigen-binding fragment at 3.0 Å and 1.9 Å resolution

1980 • 455 citations

Immunoglobulin G: Functional sites

1985 • 442 citations

Structure, function and properties of antibody binding sites

1991 • 426 citations

A recombinant immunotoxin consisting of two antibody variable domains fused to Pseudomonas exotoxin

1989 • 420 citations

Structural repertoire of the human VH segments

1992 • 396 citations

Domain association in immunoglobulin molecules

1985 • 389 citations

Three-Dimensional Structure of the Fab′ Fragment of a Human Immunoglobulin at 2.8-Å Resolution

1973 • 381 citations

Monoclonal Antibodies in Diagnosis and Therapy

1991 • 378 citations

Three-dimensional structure of an intact human immunoglobulin.

1977 • 373 citations

Structural Basis of Antibody Function

1983 • 371 citations

On the attribution of binding energy in antigen-antibody complexes McPC 603, D1.3, and HyHEL-5

1989 • 367 citations

Structure of a λ-type Bence-Jones protein at 3.5-Å resolution

1973 • 356 citations

Crystal Structures of an Antibody to a Peptide and Its Complex with Peptide Antigen at 2.8 Å

1990 • 352 citations

Reshaping Human Antibodies: Grafting an Antilysozyme Activity

1988 • 348 citations

Localization of the binding site for the human high-affinity Fc receptor on IgG

1988 • 287 citations

Length distribution of CDRH3 in antibodies

1993 • 277 citations

Molecular structure of a dimer composed of the variable portions of the Bence-Jones protein REI refined at 2.0-Å resolution

1975 • 266 citations

Recognition of a Cell-Surface Oligosaccharide of Pathogenic Salmonella by an Antibody Fab Fragment

1991 • 261 citations

Monoreactive high affinity and polyreactive low affinity rheumatoid factors are produced by CD5+ B cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

1988 • 257 citations

An autoantibody to single‐stranded DNA: Comparison of the three‐dimensional structures of the unliganded fab and a deoxynucleotide–fab complex

1991 • 256 citations

Three-Dimensional Structure of Antibodies

1988 • 256 citations

The Three-Dimensional Structure at 6 A Resolution of a Human γG1 Immunoglobulin Molecule

1971 • 249 citations

Small rearrangements in structures of Fv and Fab fragments of antibody D 1.3 on antigen binding

1990 • 247 citations

Framework residue 71 is a major determinant of the position and conformation of the second hypervariable region in the VH domains of immunoglobulins

1990 • 238 citations

On the nature of antibody combining sites: Unusual structural features that may confer on these sites an enhanced capacity for binding ligands

1990 • 233 citations

Crystal and Molecular Structure of a Dimer Composed of the Variable Portions of the Bence-Jones Protein REI

1974 • 231 citations

Three‐dimensional structure of a fluorescein–Fab complex crystallized in 2‐methyl‐2,4‐pentanediol

1989 • 229 citations

The Three Dimensional Structure of a Combining Region-Ligand Complex of Immunoglobulin NEW at 3.5-Å Resolution

1974 • 227 citations

Three-dimensional structure of an idiotope–anti-idiotope complex

1990 • 227 citations

Three-Dimensional Structure of Immunoglobulins

1975 • 218 citations

The three-dimensional structure of an intact monoclonal antibody for canine lymphoma

1992 • 214 citations

The Three-Dimensional Structure of the Fab′ Fragment of a Human Myeloma Immunoglobulin at 2.0-Å Resolution

1974 • 213 citations

High resolution functional analysis of antibody-antigen interactions

1992 • 213 citations

Structure of Antibody-Antigen Complexes: Implications for Immune Recognition

1988 • 207 citations

Structure and function of the constant regions of immunoglobulins

1976 • 206 citations

Refined crystal structure of the influenza virus N9 neuraminidase-NC41 Fab complex

1992 • 201 citations

Unusual distributions of amino acids in complementarity-determining (hypervariable) segments of heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins and their possible roles in specificity of antibody-combining sites.

1977 • 196 citations

The disulfide bonds in antibody variable domains: effects on stability, folding in vitro, and functional expression in Escherichia coli

1992 • 190 citations

Antibody-antigen complexes.

1988 • 189 citations

Structure of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase/DNA complex at 7 Å resolution showing active site locations

1992 • 186 citations

X-ray Structures of the Antigen-binding Domains from Three Variants of Humanized anti-p185HER2 Antibody 4D5 and Comparison with Molecular Modeling

1993 • 185 citations

Crystal structure of a streptococcal protein G domain bound to an Fab fragment

1992 • 180 citations

Immunoglobulin VH clan and family identity predicts variable domain structure and may influence antigen binding.

1992 • 178 citations

The three-dimensional structure of the carbohydrate within the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G.

1983 • 178 citations

Crystallographic refinement of the three-dimensional structure of the FabD1.3-lysozyme complex at 2.5-A resolution

1991 • 175 citations

The galactan‐binding immunoglobulin Fab J539: An x‐ray diffraction study at 2.6‐Å resolution

1986 • 175 citations

Solution structure of human and mouse immunoglobulin M by synchrotron X-ray scattering and molecular graphics modelling

1991 • 172 citations

A possible procedure for reducing the immunogenicity of antibody variable domains while preserving their ligand-binding properties

1991 • 168 citations

Binding of 2,4-dinitrophenyl compounds and other small molecules to a crystalline .lambda.-type Bence-Jones dimer

1974 • 164 citations

Three-Dimensional Structure of an Angiotensin II-Fab Complex at 3 Å: Hormone Recognition by an Anti-Idiotypic Antibody

1992 • 162 citations

Reshaping a Human Monoclonal Antibody to Inhibit Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Vivo

1991 • 162 citations

THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY RECOGNITION

1987 • 159 citations

The three-dimensional structure of the carbohydrate within the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G

1983 • 150 citations

Two murine natural polyreactive autoantibodies are encoded by nonmutated germ-line genes.

1989 • 149 citations

Elbow motion in the immunoglobulins involves a molecular ball-and-socket joint

1988 • 149 citations

Three-dimensional structure determination of an anti-2-phenyloxazolone antibody: the role of somatic mutation and heavy/light chain pairing in the maturation of an immune response.

1990 • 145 citations

Radioimmunolocalization of human carcinoma xenografts with B72.3 second generation monoclonal antibodies.

1988 • 140 citations

Molecular anatomy of the antibody binding site.

1983 • 126 citations

Structural basis for the specificity of phosphorylcholine-binding immunoglobulins

1976 • 125 citations

Antibody: the flexible adaptor molecule

1990 • 125 citations

The Interplay Between Chemistry and Biology in the Design of Enzymatic Catalysts

1988 • 120 citations

Structure of a novel bence-jones protein (Rhe) fragment at 1·6 Å resolution

1983 • 117 citations

Structure at 4.5 Å; Resolution of a Phosphorylcholine-binding Fab

1973 • 113 citations

Humanized antibodies for therapy

1991 • 110 citations

Modelling of the combining sites of three anti-lysozyme monoclonal antibodies and of the complex between one of the antibodies and its epitope.

1986 • 110 citations

Variable region genes for the immunoglobulin framework are assembled from small segments of DNA—A hypothesis

1978 • 107 citations

A Conformation of Cyclosporin A in Aqueous Environment Revealed by the X-Ray Structure of a Cyclosporin-Fab Complex

1992 • 107 citations

Antibody structure

1993 • 102 citations

2·9Åresolution structure of an anti-dinitrophenyl-spin-label monoclonal antibody Fab fragment with bound hapten

1991 • 101 citations

Electrostatic fields in antibodies and antibody/antigen complexes

1992 • 99 citations

Structural basis for the specificity of antibody–antigen reactions and structural mechanisms for the diversification of antigen-binding specificities

1977 • 94 citations

CATALYTIC ANTIBODIES

1992 • 92 citations

Resolution d'un structure cristalline lorsque les positions d'une partie des atoms sont connues: traitement statistique

1953 • 87 citations

Three-dimensional structures of influenza virus neuraminidase-antibody complexes

1989 • 83 citations

Crystallization and structure determination of an autoimmune anti-poly(dT) immunoglobulin Fab fragment at 3.0 A resolution.

1987 • 82 citations

Genetically Engineered Antibody Molecules

1989 • 81 citations

Conformations of IgE bound to its receptor Fc.epsilon.RI and in solution

1991 • 80 citations

Three-dimensional structure of murine anti-p-azophenylarsonate Fab 36-71. 1. X-ray crystallography, site-directed mutagenesis, and modeling of the complex with hapten

1991 • 80 citations

Structural invariants of antigen binding: comparison of immunoglobulin VL-VH and VL-VL domain dimers.

1985 • 79 citations

Three-dimensional structure of an Fv from a human IgM immunoglobulin

1992 • 76 citations

Crystal structures of two mutant neuraminidase-antibody complexes with amino acid substitutions in the interface

1992 • 74 citations

Fc receptors and the action of antibodies

1991 • 72 citations

On the specificity of antibody/antigen interactions: Phosphocholine binding to McPC603 and the correlation of three-dimensional structure and sequence data

1985 • 67 citations

Computer models of the human immunoglobulins shape and segmental flexibility

1986 • 62 citations

Dynamic conformations compared for IgE and IgG1 in solution and bound to receptors

1992 • 62 citations

Structure of a human monoclonal antibody Fab fragment against gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

1992 • 61 citations

Crystal Structures of Neuraminidase-Antibody Complexes

1989 • 61 citations

Crystal structure of human immunoglobulin fragment Fab new refined at 2.0 Å esolution

1992 • 60 citations

Refined crystal structure of a recombinant immunoglobulin domain and a complementarity-determining region 1-grafted mutant

1992 • 59 citations

Three-dimensional structure of a light chain dimer crystallized in water

1989 • 59 citations

The binding of opioid peptides to the Mcg light chain dimer: Flexible keys and adjustable locks

1987 • 57 citations

Three-dimensional structure of the Mcg IgG1 immunoglobulin☆

1983 • 56 citations

The structure determination of the variable portion of the Bence-Jones protein Au

1975 • 56 citations

Variability of three-dimensional structure in immunoglobulins.

1975 • 56 citations

Novel arrangement of immunoglobulin variable domains: x-ray crystallographic analysis of the .lambda.-chain dimer Bence-Jones protein Loc

1985 • 54 citations

Probing antibody diversity by 2D NMR: comparison of amino acid sequences, predicted structures, and observed antibody-antigen interactions in complexes of two antipeptide antibodies

1989 • 53 citations

Three‐dimensional structure of the Fab fragment of a neutralizing antibody to human rhinovirus serotype 2

1992 • 51 citations

Crystal structure of a chimeric Fab′ fragment of an antibody binding tumour cells

1992 • 45 citations

Structural implications of sequence variability in immunoglobulins.

1977 • 44 citations

Immunoglobulin Structures at High Resolution

1975 • 40 citations

Solution of a Fab (26-10)/digoxin complex by generalized molecular replacement

1991 • 39 citations

A model of the Fc of immunoglobulin E

1986 • 38 citations

Studies on the three-dimensional structure of immunoglobulins

1978 • 38 citations

Use of deuterium labelling in NMR studies of antibody combining site structure

1990 • 37 citations

Structure determination of a monoclonal Fab fragment specific for histidine-containing protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli.

1988 • 36 citations

Crystal and molecular structure of the dimer of variable domains of the Bence-Jones protein ROY

1977 • 36 citations

Catalytic Antibodies

1988 • 35 citations

The nature and importance of the inter‐ε chain disulfide bonds in human IgE

1991 • 32 citations

Antibody Fab assembly: The interface residues between CH1 and CL

1986 • 32 citations

Antibody–antigen flexibility

1987 • 31 citations

Twisting into shape

1992 • 31 citations

Structural Aspects of Antibodies and Antibody‐Antigen Complexes

2007 • 31 citations

Protein-protein recognition and the association of immunoglobulin constant domains

1990 • 29 citations

Crystallographic analysis of the interaction between cyclosporin A and the Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody

1993 • 28 citations

Three-dimensional structure of two crystal forms of FabR19.9 from a monoclonal anti-arsonate antibody.

1992 • 27 citations

Structural Basis for Antigen-Antibody Recognition

1986 • 27 citations

Structure of a second crystal form of Bence-Jones protein Loc: strikingly different domain associations in two crystal forms of a single protein

1989 • 27 citations

The use of monoclonal antibodies for treatment of autoimmune disease

1990 • 27 citations

The three-dimensional structure of a human IgGl immunoglobulin at 4 Å resolution: a computer fit of various structural domains on the electron density map

1982 • 26 citations

Structural basis for the association of heavy and light chains and the relation of subgroups to the conformation of the active site of immunoglobulins

1975 • 24 citations

Structural and kinetic studies of the Fab fragment of a monoclonal anti-spin label antibody by nuclear magnetic resonance

1991 • 23 citations

A strong propensity toward loop formation characterizes the expressed reading frames of the D segments at the Ig H and T cell receptor loci

1991 • 23 citations

Analysis of immunoglobulin domain interactions

1988 • 21 citations

Conformational Flexibility in Immunoglobulins

1978 • 21 citations

Properties of polyreactive natural antibodies to self and foreign antigens

1990 • 20 citations

Localized Deletion-Insertion Mutations: A Major Factor in the Evolution of Immunoglobulin Structural Variability

1976 • 20 citations

Poly(Glu60Ala30Tyr10) (GAT)‐induced IgG monoclonal antibodies cross‐react with various self and non‐self antigens through the complementarity determining regions. Comparison with IgM monoclonal polyreactive natural antibodies

1990 • 18 citations

Antibody engineering

1989 • 17 citations

New concepts in monoclonal antibody based radioimmunodiagnosis and radioimmunotherapy of carcinoma

1991 • 16 citations

Immunoglobulin disulfide bridges: Theme and variations

1985 • 16 citations

Crystallization, preliminary X‐ray diffraction study, and crystal packing of a complex between anti‐Hen lysozyme antibody F9.13.7 and Guinea‐fowl lysozyme

1993 • 13 citations

Unexpected similarities in the crystal structures of the Mcg light-chain dimer and its hybrid with the weir protein

1985 • 12 citations

Crystal structure of an anti-Lewis a Fab determined by molecular replacement methods

1987 • 11 citations

Structure and specificity of antibody molecules

1975 • 11 citations

Molecular-replacement structure of guinea pig IgGl pFc' refined at 3.1Å resolution

1985 • 10 citations

Characterization and preliminary crystallographic data on the VL-related fragment of the human κI Bence Jones protein Wat

1981 • 9 citations

Crystal parameters and molecular replacement of an anticholera toxin peptide complex

1991 • 7 citations

Use of molecular replacement in the solution of an immunoglobulin Fab fragment structure

1991 • 3 citations

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Anatomy of the antibody molecule (1994) – Molecular Immunology | Metascience Observatory Explorer