Electron-crystallographic Refinement of the Structure of Bacteriorhodopsin

PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures

1993 • 23,689 citations

Free R value: a novel statistical quantity for assessing the accuracy of crystal structures

1992 • 3,863 citations

Model for the structure of bacteriorhodopsin based on high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy

1990 • 2,969 citations

Three-dimensional model of purple membrane obtained by electron microscopy

1975 • 2,259 citations

A graphics model building and refinement system for macromolecules

1978 • 1,858 citations

Simple Allosteric Model for Membrane Pumps

1966 • 1,271 citations

Molecular structure determination by electron microscopy of unstained crystalline specimens

1975 • 1,142 citations

Helix geometry in proteins

1988 • 1,042 citations

Bacteriorhodopsin: a light-driven proton pump in Halobacterium Halobium

1975 • 994 citations

Detection, delineation, measurement and display of cavities in macromolecular structures

1994 • 964 citations

Interactive computer graphics: FRODO

1985 • 848 citations

Lipid conformation in model membranes and biological membranes

1980 • 778 citations

Structure of purple membrane from halobacterium halobium: recording, measurement and evaluation of electron micrographs at 3.5 Å resolution

1986 • 687 citations

From Femtoseconds to Biology: Mechanism of Bacteriorhodopsin's Light-Driven Proton Pump

1991 • 532 citations

Vibrational spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin mutants: light-driven proton transport involves protonation changes of aspartic acid residues 85, 96, and 212

1988 • 497 citations

Transmembrane Protein Structure: Spin Labeling of Bacteriorhodopsin Mutants

1990 • 465 citations

The structural basis of the functioning of bacteriorhodopsin: An overview

1979 • 459 citations

Assessment of phase accuracy by cross validation: the free R value. Methods and applications

1993 • 451 citations

Electron diffraction analysis of structural changes in the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin.

1993 • 448 citations

Amino acid sequence of bacteriorhodopsin.

1979 • 405 citations

Proton translocation mechanism and energetics in the light-driven pump bacteriorhodopsin

1993 • 350 citations

Role of aspartate-96 in proton translocation by bacteriorhodopsin.

1989 • 348 citations

Aspartic acid-96 is the internal proton donor in the reprotonation of the Schiff base of bacteriorhodopsin.

1989 • 318 citations

Helix stop signals in proteins and peptides: The capping box

1993 • 297 citations

FTIR difference spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin: Toward a molecular model

1992 • 291 citations

Aspartic acid substitutions affect proton translocation by bacteriorhodopsin.

1988 • 282 citations

Simultaneous monitoring of light-induced changes in protein side-group protonation, chromophore isomerization, and backbone motion of bacteriorhodopsin by time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

1990 • 269 citations

Structural studies on transmembrane proteins. 2. Spin labeling of bacteriorhodopsin mutants at unique cysteines

1989 • 263 citations

Resonance Raman spectra of bacteriorhodopsin's primary photoproduct: evidence for a distorted 13-cis retinal chromophore.

1982 • 262 citations

Aspartic acids 96 and 85 play a central role in the function of bacteriorhodopsin as a proton pump.

1989 • 259 citations

Structural changes in bacteriorhodopsin during proton translocation revealed by neutron diffraction.

1989 • 258 citations

Chromophore structure in bacteriorhodopsin's N intermediate: implications for the proton-pumping mechanism

1988 • 242 citations

Where freedom is given, liberties are taken

1995 • 236 citations

Three-dimensional crystals of membrane proteins: bacteriorhodopsin.

1980 • 234 citations

A unifying concept for ion translocation by retinal proteins

1992 • 232 citations

Time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of structural changes associated with the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin.

1991 • 213 citations

Pathways of proton release in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle

1992 • 207 citations

Water is required for proton transfer from aspartate-96 to the bacteriorhodopsin Schiff base

1991 • 197 citations

Early Picosecond Events in the Photocycle of Bacteriorhodopsin

1986 • 187 citations

Water molecules and exchangeable hydrogen ions at the active centre of bacteriorhodopsin localized by neutron diffraction

1990 • 170 citations

Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the Schiff base in bacteriorhodopsin: counterion effects on the nitrogen-15 shift anisotropy

1989 • 169 citations

Chromophore structure in bacteriorhodopsin's O640 photointermediate

1983 • 169 citations

[13] Lipids of purple membrane from extreme halophiles and of methanogenic bacteria

1982 • 149 citations

Infrared Spectrum of the Purple Membrane: Clue to a Proton Conduction Mechanism?

1982 • 144 citations

The crystal structure of all-trans retinal1

1972 • 140 citations

Primary events in bacteriorhodopsin probed by subpicosecond spectroscopy

1985 • 138 citations

Measurement and evaluation of electron diffraction patterns from two-dimensional crystals

1984 • 134 citations

Fourier transform infrared study of the N intermediate of bacteriorhodopsin

1991 • 129 citations

Chain configuration and flexibility gradient in phospholipid membranes. Comparison between spin-label electron spin resonance and deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance, and identification of new conformations

1989 • 125 citations

Proton uptake mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin as determined by time-resolved stroboscopic-FTIR-spectroscopy

1992 • 121 citations

STEREOCHEMICALLY RESTRAINED CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC LEAST-SQUARES REFINEMENT OF MACROMOLECULE STRUCTURES

1981 • 121 citations

Bacteriorhodopsin mutants containing single substitutions of serine or threonine residues are all active in proton translocation.

1991 • 113 citations

Specific labelling of the protein and lipid on the extracellular surface of purple membrane

1978 • 113 citations

Structure-Function Studies on Bacteriorhodopsin

1989 • 109 citations

Orthorhombic Crystal Form of Bacteriorhodopsin Nucleated on Benzamidine Diffracting to 3·6 Å Resolution

1993 • 101 citations

Analysis of high-resolution electron diffraction patterns from purple membrane labelled with heavy-atoms

1990 • 101 citations

Water structural changes in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle: analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

1992 • 99 citations

Characterization and crystal packing of three-dimensional bacteriorhodopsin crystals

1982 • 96 citations

Experimental evidence for hydrogen-bonded network proton transfer in bacteriorhodopsin shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy using azide as catalyst.

1995 • 94 citations

Evidence for a bound water molecule next to the retinal Schiff base in bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin: a resonance Raman study of the Schiff base hydrogen/deuterium exchange

1994 • 93 citations

Orientation of the protonated retinal Schiff base group in bacteriorhodopsin from absorption linear dichroism

1989 • 89 citations

Vibrational spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin mutants. Evidence that ASP-96 deprotonates during the M—-N transition

1991 • 89 citations

Crystallographic characterization by X‐ray diffraction of the M‐intermediate from the photo‐cycle of bacteriorhodopsin at room temperature

1991 • 87 citations

Detection of a water molecule in the active-site of bacteriorhodopsin: hydrogen bonding changes during the primary photoreaction

1994 • 86 citations

Interaction of Aspartate-85 with a Water Molecule and the Protonated Schiff Base in the L Intermediate of Bacteriorhodopsin: A Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Study

1994 • 86 citations

A least-squares method for determining structure factors in three-dimensional tilted-view reconstructions

1983 • 84 citations

Pathway of proton uptake in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle

1993 • 84 citations

Proton conduction in bacteriophodopsin via a hydrogen-bonded chain with large proton polarizability

1981 • 80 citations

Femtosecond absorption spectroscopy of light-adapted and dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin

1987 • 80 citations

Water-Mediated Proton Transfer in Proteins: An FTIR Study of Bacteriorhodopsin

1995 • 75 citations

The Proton Transfers in the Cytoplasmic Domain of Bacteriorhodopsin are Facilitated by a Cluster of Interacting Residues

1994 • 70 citations

Distorted Structure of the Retinal Chromophore in Bacteriorhodopsin Resolved by 2H-NMR

1994 • 68 citations

On the revised structure of the major phospholipid of Halobacterium salinarium

1993 • 67 citations

Three-dimensional structure of orthorhombic purple membrane at 6.5 Å resolution

1983 • 66 citations

The crystal structure of a monoclinic modification and the refinement of a triclinic modification of vitamin A acid (retinoic acid), C20H28O2

1972 • 65 citations

Structure determination of the cyclohexene ring of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin by solid-state deuterium NMR

1992 • 61 citations

Site-Directed Isotope Labeling and ATR-FTIR Difference Spectroscopy of Bacteriorhodopsin: The Peptide Carbonyl Group of Tyr 185 Is Structurally Active During the bR .fwdarw. N Transition

1995 • 60 citations

Application of Higher Order Born Approximation to Multiple Elastic Scattering of Electrons by Crystals

1959 • 59 citations

Interaction of tryptophan-182 with the retinal 9-methyl group in the L intermediate of bacteriorhodopsin

1995 • 58 citations

The crystal structure of 13-cis-retinal. The molecular structures of its 6-s-cis and 6-s-trans conformers

1981 • 51 citations

High-resolution electron crystallography of protein molecules

1993 • 49 citations

Crystal structure of N-methyl-N-phenylretinal iminium perchlorate; a structural model for the bacteriorhodopsin chromophore

1990 • 49 citations

The bacteriorhodopsin photocycle: direct structural study of two substrates of the M-intermediate

1994 • 49 citations

Structure-function studies of bacteriorhodopsin XV. Effects of deletions in loops B-C and E-F on bacteriorhodopsin chromophore and structure

1991 • 46 citations

Water Structural Changes at the Proton Uptake Site (the Thr46-Asp96 Domain) in the L Intermediate of Bacteriorhodopsin

1995 • 45 citations

Three-dimensional structure of deoxycholate-treated purple membrane at 6 Å resolution and molecular averaging of three crystal forms of bacteriorhodopsin

1987 • 43 citations

Locations of Arg-82, Asp-85, and Asp-96 in helix C of bacteriorhodopsin relative to the aqueous boundaries.

1991 • 42 citations

Covalently Bound pH-Indicator Dyes at Selected Extracellular or Cytoplasmic Sites in Bacteriorhodopsin. 2. Rotational Orientation of Helixes D and E and Kinetic Correlation between M Formation and Proton Release in Bacteriorhodopsin Micelles

1994 • 41 citations

Light-induced isomerization causes an increase in the chromophore tilt in the M intermediate of bacteriorhodopsin: a neutron diffraction study.

1994 • 40 citations

Crystallization of purple membrane in three dimensions

1980 • 37 citations

The Complex Extracellular Domain Regulates the Deprotonation and Reprotonation of the Retinal Schiff Base during the Bacteriorhodopsin Photocycle

1995 • 34 citations

High-voltage electron diffraction from bacteriorhodopsin (purple membrane) is measurably dynamical

1989 • 31 citations

An Apparent Paradox in Crystal Structure Analysis

1961 • 31 citations

A redirected proton pathway in the bacteriorhodopsin mutant Tyr-57–>Asp. Evidence for proton translocation without Schiff base deprotonation.

1994 • 26 citations

X-ray diffraction of a cysteine-containing bacteriorhodopsin mutant and its mercury derivative. Localization of an amino acid residue in the loop of an integral membrane protein

1993 • 23 citations

Diffuse scattering in protein crystallography

1995 • 22 citations

HEAVY‐ATOM LABELLED RETINAL ANALOGUES LOCATED IN BACTERIORHODOPSIN BY X‐RAY DIFFRACTION*

1991 • 21 citations

Revised structure of a phospholipid obtained from Halobacterium halobium

1989 • 18 citations

Effects of individual genetic substitutions of arginine residues on the deprotonation and reprotonation kinetics of the Schiff base during the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle

1991 • 12 citations

Diffuse scattering in electron diffraction data from protein crystals

1995 • 10 citations

Structure of all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinal (retinal2)

1986 • 6 citations