Three or more routes for leukocyte migration into the central nervous system

Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: The multistep paradigm

1994 • 7,068 citations

Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against α4βl integrin

1992 • 1,711 citations

Integrins: Emerging Paradigms of Signal Transduction

1995 • 1,591 citations

Flexible Programs of Chemokine Receptor Expression on Human Polarized T Helper 1 and 2 Lymphocytes

1998 • 1,574 citations

Perivascular Microglial Cells of the CNS Are Bone Marrow-Derived and Present Antigen in Vivo

1988 • 1,451 citations

Mechanisms of Hepatotoxicity

2002 • 1,268 citations

A Controlled Trial of Natalizumab for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

2003 • 1,228 citations

Rapid and coordinated switch in chemokine receptor expression during dendritic cell maturation

1998 • 1,190 citations

α4 integrins mediate lymphocyte attachment and rolling under physiologic flow

1995 • 1,018 citations

Clonal Expansions of Cd8+ T Cells Dominate the T Cell Infiltrate in Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions as Shown by Micromanipulation and Single Cell Polymerase Chain Reaction

2000 • 918 citations

Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma.

1993 • 837 citations

Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood–brain barrier

2001 • 742 citations

Chemokines as regulators of T cell differentiation

2001 • 710 citations

Cervical lymphatics, the blood-brain barrier and the immunoreactivity of the brain: a new view

1992 • 653 citations

A Pathogenic Role for Myelin-Specific Cd8+ T Cells in a Model for Multiple Sclerosis

2001 • 650 citations

Chemokines in tissue-specific and microenvironment-specific lymphocyte homing

2000 • 643 citations

Absence of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 in Mice Leads to Decreased Local Macrophage Recruitment and Antigen-Specific T Helper Cell Type 1 Immune Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2001 • 589 citations

Resistance to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice Lacking the Cc Chemokine Receptor (Ccr2)

2000 • 580 citations

Multistep Navigation and the Combinatorial Control of Leukocyte Chemotaxis

1997 • 531 citations

CXCL13 Is Required for B1 Cell Homing, Natural Antibody Production, and Body Cavity Immunity

2002 • 521 citations

Unique Subpopulations of CD56+ NK and NK-T Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Identified by Chemokine Receptor Expression Repertoire

2001 • 515 citations

Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats after elimination of macrophages.

1990 • 511 citations

Cc Chemokine Receptor 2 Is Critical for Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2000 • 510 citations

Human cerebrospinal fluid central memory CD4⁺T cells: Evidence for trafficking through choroid plexus and meninges via P-selectin

2003 • 508 citations

An important role for the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in the pathogenesis of the T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

1995 • 487 citations

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in autoimmune and degenerative CNS diseases

2002 • 471 citations

Integrin affinity modulation

1998 • 440 citations

Migratory Activity and Functional Changes of Green Fluorescent Effector Cells before and during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2001 • 438 citations

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and prion disease

2002 • 407 citations

A central role for microvillous receptor presentation in leukocyte adhesion under flow

1995 • 380 citations

Microglia and inflammatory mechanisms in the clearance of amyloid β peptide

2002 • 365 citations

Migration of Hematogenous Cells Through the Blood‐Brain Barrier and the Initiation of CNS Inflammation

1991 • 362 citations

Bone marrow derived elements and resident microglia in brain inflammation

1993 • 352 citations

Leukocyte traffic in the central nervous system: the participants and their roles

1999 • 348 citations

Lymphocyte-specific chemokine receptor CXCR3: regulation, chemokine binding and gene localization

1998 • 340 citations

A Functional Role of HLA-G Expression in Human Gliomas: An Alternative Strategy of Immune Escape

2002 • 336 citations

α4-integrin-VCAM-1 binding mediates G protein–independent capture of encephalitogenic T cell blasts to CNS white matter microvessels

2001 • 330 citations

Distribution and phenotype of dendritic cells and resident tissue macrophages in the dura mater, leptomeninges, and choroid plexus of the rat brain as demonstrated in wholemount preparations

1999 • 313 citations

The effect of anti-α4 integrin antibody on brain lesion activity in MS

1999 • 305 citations

Toll‐Like Receptor 2–Deficient Mice Are Highly Susceptible toStreptococcus pneumoniaeMeningitis because of Reduced Bacterial Clearing and Enhanced Inflammation

2002 • 301 citations

Altered vascular permeability and early onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in PECAM-1–deficient mice

2002 • 290 citations

Choroid Plexus in the Central Nervous System: Biology and Physiopathology

2000 • 287 citations

Antibodies to CD44 and integrin α₄, but not L-selectin, prevent central nervous system inflammation and experimental encephalomyelitis by blocking secondary leukocyte recruitment

1999 • 287 citations

Transfer of Central Nervous System Autoantigens and Presentation in Secondary Lymphoid Organs

2002 • 277 citations

Cytokines and adhesion molecules contribute to the ability of myelin proteolipid protein-specific T cell clones to mediate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

1993 • 277 citations

Pathways of Fluid Drainage from the Brain ‐ Morphological Aspects and Immunological Significance in Rat and Man

1992 • 276 citations

The chemokine KC, but not monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, triggers monocyte arrest on early atherosclerotic endothelium

2001 • 263 citations

Altered vascular permeability and early onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in PECAM-1–deficient mice

2002 • 261 citations

Detection of MHC class II-antigens on macrophages and microglia, but not on astrocytes and endothelia in active multiple sclerosis lesions

1994 • 258 citations

Intracerebral Recruitment and Maturation of Dendritic Cells in the Onset and Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2000 • 251 citations

CXCL10 (IFN-γ-Inducible Protein-10) Control of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cell Accumulation in the Central Nervous System During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2001 • 247 citations

Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Lymphocyte Recruitment in Inflamed Brain Microvessels: Critical Roles for P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 and Heterotrimeric Gi-Linked Receptors

2002 • 245 citations

Two subsets of dendritic cells are present in human cerebrospinal fluid

2001 • 237 citations

The potential role of dendritic cells in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in the central nervous system

1996 • 235 citations

A Role for Platelets and Endothelial Selectins in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Leukocyte Recruitment in the Brain Microvasculature

2000 • 231 citations

Pathology of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Interstitial Fluid of the CNS: Significance for Alzheimer Disease, Prion Disorders and Multiple Sclerosis

1998 • 226 citations

Inflammation in the nervous system

1995 • 223 citations

Differential adhesion molecule requirements for immune surveillance and inflammatory recruitment

2000 • 218 citations

Evidence for involvement of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in lymphocyte interaction with endothelium in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the central nervous system in the SJL/J mouse.

1994 • 216 citations

The effects of macrophage depletion on the clinical and pathologic expression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

1981 • 215 citations

Lymphocyte Targeting of the Central Nervous System: A Review of Afferent and Efferent CNS‐Immune Pathways

1996 • 210 citations

Overlapping Roles of P-Selectin and α4 Integrin to Recruit Leukocytes to the Central Nervous System in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2002 • 209 citations

Leukocyte recruitment during onset of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is CCR1 dependent

2000 • 207 citations

Acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

1982 • 207 citations

A monoclonal antibody to α4 integrin suppresses and reverses active experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1995 • 206 citations

Microglia in human immunodeficiency virus‐associated neurodegeneration

2002 • 204 citations

The development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse requires alpha4-integrin but not alpha4beta7-integrin.

1998 • 204 citations

CXC Chemokine Receptor-2 Ligands Are Required for Neutrophil-Mediated Host Defense in Experimental Brain Abscesses

2001 • 200 citations

Antigen-Dependent Intrathecal Antibody Synthesis in the Normal Rat Brain: Tissue Entry and Local Retention of Antigen-Specific B Cells

1998 • 195 citations

Inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by an antibody to the intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM‐1

1993 • 186 citations

Pivotal Role of Dendritic Cell–derived CXCL10 in the Retention of T Helper Cell 1 Lymphocytes in Secondary Lymph Nodes

2002 • 186 citations

E- and P-Selectin Are Not Involved in the Recruitment of Inflammatory Cells Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

1997 • 171 citations

Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL / 6 mice deficient in either the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1α or its CCR5 receptor

2000 • 163 citations

CXC chemokines generate age-related increases in neutrophil-mediated brain inflammation and blood–brain barrier breakdown

1998 • 162 citations

In Situ Tolerance within the Central Nervous System as a Mechanism for Preventing Autoimmunity

2000 • 161 citations

Phenotype and Functions of Brain Dendritic Cells Emerging During Chronic Infection of Mice withToxoplasma gondii

2000 • 160 citations

Neutrophil infiltration, glial reaction, and neurological disease in transgenic mice expressing the chemokine N51/KC in oligodendrocytes.

1996 • 159 citations

Multiple Sclerosis: A Role for Astroglia in Active Demyelination Suggested by Class II MHC Expression and Ultrastructural Study

1990 • 145 citations

T-cells in the cerebrospinal fluid express a similar repertoire of inflammatory chemokine receptors in the absence or presence of CNS inflammation: implications for CNS trafficking

2002 • 145 citations

Cytokine-induced meningitis is dramatically attenuated in mice deficient in endothelial selectins.

1996 • 143 citations

Contribution of extracranial lymphatics and arachnoid villi to the clearance of a CSF tracer in the rat

1999 • 138 citations

Dendritic cells at the host-pathogen interface

2002 • 138 citations

L-selectin–mediated Leukocyte Adhesion In Vivo: Microvillous Distribution Determines Tethering Efficiency, But Not Rolling Velocity

1999 • 122 citations

Bothanti-CD11a(LFA-l) and anti-CD11b (MAC-1) therapy delay the onset and diminish the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1995 • 120 citations

Monocyte recruitment and myelin removal are delayed following spinal cord injury in mice with CCR2 chemokine receptor deletion

2002 • 119 citations

Lymphocyte phenotype and subset distribution in normal cerebrospinal fluid

1995 • 118 citations

Adhesion molecule expression on cerebrospinal fluid T lymphocytes: Evidence for common recruitment mechanisms in multiple sclerosis, aseptic meningitis, and normal controls

1993 • 114 citations

Discordant effects of anti–VLA-4 treatment before and after onset of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

2001 • 113 citations

Dendritic cells and dendritic-like microglia in focal cortical ischemia of the mouse brain

2002 • 104 citations

Functional capacity of solid tissue transplants in the brain: evidence for immunological privilege

1985 • 102 citations

Anti-adhesion molecule therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1993 • 102 citations

Neutralization of IFN-inducible protein 10/CXCL10 exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

2002 • 96 citations

Recruitment of dendritic cells to the cerebrospinal fluid in bacterial neuroinfections

2002 • 96 citations

Very late antigen 4 (VLA4) antagonists as anti-inflammatory agents

1998 • 93 citations

Direct demonstration of the infiltration of murine central nervous system by Pgp-1/CD44high CD45RBlow CD4+ T cells that induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1992 • 91 citations

β7 integrins contribute to demyelinating disease of the central nervous system

2000 • 89 citations

Immune Response in Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes and Spleen in the Mouse after Antigen Deposition in Different Intracerebral Sites

1988 • 88 citations

Development of an animal model for neurocysticercosis: immune response in the central nervous system is characterized by a predominance of gamma delta T cells.

1999 • 87 citations

Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, L-selectin, and leukosialin in the mouse central nervous system during the induction and remission stages of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1994 • 83 citations

Proinflammatory Cytokine, Chemokine, and Cellular Adhesion Molecule Expression during the Acute Phase of Experimental Brain Abscess Development

2000 • 83 citations

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis on the SJL Mouse: Effect of γδ T Cell Depletion on Chemokine and Chemokine Receptor Expression in the Central Nervous System

2000 • 82 citations

Role of genetic background in P selectin-dependent immune surveillance of the central nervous system

2002 • 76 citations

CD44 is involved in selective leucocyte extravasation during inflammatory central nervous system disease

1999 • 75 citations

ICAM-1-dependent pathway is not critically involved in the inflammatory process of autoimmune encephalomyelitis or in cytokine-induced inflammation of the central nervous system

1993 • 75 citations

Augmentation of adoptively transferred experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by administration of a monoclonal antibody specific for LFA-1α

1993 • 74 citations

CD62L Is Required on Effector Cells for Local Interactions in the CNS to Cause Myelin Damage in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis

2001 • 73 citations

Development of an Animal Model for Neurocysticercosis: Immune Response in the Central Nervous System Is Characterized by a Predominance of γδ T Cells

1999 • 73 citations

The inflammatory response in the CNS

1992 • 72 citations

Prevention of a chronic progressive form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by an antibody against mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule‐1, given early in the course of disease progression

2000 • 64 citations

Evidence for a prolonged role of alpha sub 4 integrin throughout active experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

1996 • 61 citations

Transport of nutrients across the choroid plexus

2000 • 60 citations

Homing of T cells to the central nervous system throughout the course of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Thy-1 congenic mice

1993 • 58 citations

Antibodies against Leukocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 and against Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Together Suppress the Progression of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis

1995 • 56 citations

Inhibition of Antigen-Specific T Cell Trafficking into the Central Nervous System via Blocking PECAM1/CD31 Molecule

2001 • 50 citations

Recombinant Human Adenovirus with Rat MIP‐2 Gene Insertion Causes Prolonged PMN Recruitment to the Murine Brain

1996 • 49 citations

γ/δ T Cell-Deficient Mice Exhibit Reduced Disease Severity and Decreased Inflammatory Response in the Brain in Murine Neurocysticercosis

2002 • 46 citations

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1-Deficient Mice

1998 • 36 citations

γδ T Cells Express Activation Markers in the Central Nervous System of Mice with Chronic-relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

2001 • 29 citations

Analysis of CD27 surface expression on T cell subsets in MS patients and control individuals

1995 • 25 citations

Compartmentalization of the immune response in the central nervous system and natural history of multiple sclerosis. Implications for therapy

2002 • 18 citations

Uncoupling of virus-induced inflammation and anti-viral immunity in the brain parenchyma

2002 • 14 citations

T cell approach to demyelinating diseases

1985 • 11 citations