Back to search

Morphogen gradients, positional information, and Xenopus: Interplay of theory and experiment

Data up to Jan 2025

Published2002
Citations101
References213

Total Citations Per Year

Abstract

References (213)

The chemical basis of morphogenesis

1952 • 11,233 citations

Positional information and the spatial pattern of cellular differentiation

1969 • 2,957 citations

Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA

1993 • 2,313 citations

The Spemann Organizer Signal noggin Binds and Inactivates Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4

1996 • 1,604 citations

Signal Transduction by the TGF-β Superfamily

2002 • 1,255 citations

Expression cloning of noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann organizer in Xenopus embryos

1992 • 1,176 citations

Embryonic Development and Induction

1939 • 1,175 citations

Dorsoventral Patterning in Xenopus: Inhibition of Ventral Signals by Direct Binding of Chordin to BMP-4

1996 • 1,126 citations

Xenopus chordin: A novel dorsalizing factor activated by organizer-specific homeobox genes

1994 • 1,114 citations

The Biochemical Basis of an All-or-None Cell Fate Switch in Xenopus Oocytes

1998 • 1,040 citations

Mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos by heparin-binding growth factors

1987 • 953 citations

Direct and Long-Range Action of a DPP Morphogen Gradient

1996 • 896 citations

Diffusion in Embryogenesis

1970 • 895 citations

Synergistic induction of mesoderm by FGF and TGF-β and the identification of an mRNA coding for FGF in the early xenopus embryo

1987 • 883 citations

Induction of epidermis and inhibition of neural fate by Bmp-4

1995 • 782 citations

A common plan for dorsoventral patterning in Bilateria

1996 • 774 citations

A maternal mRNA localized to the vegetal hemisphere in xenopus eggs codes for a growth factor related to TGF-β

1987 • 747 citations

Morphogen gradient interpretation

2001 • 738 citations

Direct and Long-Range Action of a Wingless Morphogen Gradient

1996 • 736 citations

Regulation of neural induction by the Chd and Bmp-4 antagonistic patterning signals in Xenopus

1995 • 731 citations

The bicoid protein is a positive regulator of hunchback transcription in the early Drosophila embryo

1989 • 672 citations

Chapter 6 Positional Information and Pattern Formation

1971 • 663 citations

Identification of a potent Xenopus mesoderm-inducing factor as a homologue of activin A

1990 • 660 citations

Positional Information and Pattern Formation

2016 • 646 citations

Two distinct mechanisms for long-range patterning by Decapentaplegic in the Drosophila wing

1996 • 629 citations

Gradient Formation of the TGF-β Homolog Dpp

2000 • 606 citations

Cytonemes

1999 • 602 citations

Activins are expressed early in Xenopus embryogenesis and can induce axial mesoderm and anterior structures

1990 • 600 citations

Bone morphogenetic protein 4: a ventralizing factor in early Xenopus development

1992 • 573 citations

Morphogens, Compartments, and Pattern: Lessons from Drosophila?

1996 • 559 citations

A truncated activin receptor inhibits mesoderm induction and formation of axial structures in Xenopus embryos

1992 • 538 citations

THE SPECIFICATION OF DORSAL CELL FATES IN THE VERTEBRATE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1999 • 536 citations

Expression cloning of Siamois, a xenopus homeobox gene expressed in dorsal-vegetal cells of blastulae and able to induce a complete secondary axis

1995 • 521 citations

Graded changes in dose of a Xenopus activin A homologue elicit stepwise transitions in embryonic cell fate

1990 • 508 citations

Establishment of developmental precision and proportions in the early Drosophila embryo

2002 • 496 citations

DVR-4 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4) as a posterior-ventralizing factor in Xenopus mesoderm induction

1992 • 488 citations

Responses of embryonic xenopus cells to activin and FGF are separated by multiple dose thresholds and correspond to distinct axes of the mesoderm

1992 • 486 citations

Inhibition of activin receptor signaling promotes neuralization in Xenopus

1994 • 484 citations

decapentaplegic acts as a morphogen to organize dorsal-ventral pattern in the Drosophila embryo

1992 • 480 citations

The Role of Maternal VegT in Establishing the Primary Germ Layers in Xenopus Embryos

1998 • 477 citations

Dally cooperates with Drosophila Frizzled 2 to transduce Wingless signalling

1999 • 474 citations

The formation of the mesoderm in urodelean amphibians

1969 • 472 citations

Studies with a Xenopus BMP receptor suggest that ventral mesoderm-inducing signals override dorsal signals in vivo

1994 • 463 citations

Embryonic Development and Induction

1938 • 459 citations

Dpp Gradient Formation in the Drosophila Wing Imaginal Disc

2000 • 453 citations

Wingless gradient formation in the Drosophila wing

2000 • 437 citations

Prickle Mediates Feedback Amplification to Generate Asymmetric Planar Cell Polarity Signaling

2002 • 437 citations

A conserved system for dorsal-ventral patterning in insects and vertebrates involving sog and chordin

1995 • 436 citations

Determination of spatial domains of zygotic gene expression in the Drosophila embryo by the affinity of binding sites for the bicoid morphogen

1989 • 432 citations

Endodermal Nodal-related signals and mesoderm induction in Xenopus

2000 • 415 citations

Nodal-related signals induce axial mesoderm and dorsalize mesoderm during gastrulation

1995 • 415 citations

Argosomes

2001 • 413 citations

Do Morphogen Gradients Arise by Diffusion?

2002 • 403 citations

A community effect in animal development

1988 • 388 citations

Nodal Signals to Smads through Cripto-Dependent and Cripto-Independent Mechanisms

2001 • 377 citations

A Hedgehog-Insensitive Form of Patched Provides Evidence for Direct Long-Range Morphogen Activity of Sonic Hedgehog in the Neural Tube

2001 • 364 citations

Regulation of Frizzled by Fat-like Cadherins during Planar Polarity Signaling in the Drosophila Compound Eye

2002 • 363 citations

Measuring dimensions: the regulation of size and shape

2000 • 358 citations

Concentration-dependent patterning of the Xenopus ectoderm by BMP4 and its signal transducer Smad1

1997 • 354 citations

Production of a DPP Activity Gradient in the Early Drosophila Embryo through the Opposing Actions of the SOG and TLD Proteins

1997 • 350 citations

Organizer-Specific Homeobox Genes in Xenopus laevis Embryos

1991 • 349 citations

Ventral mesodermal patterning in Xenopus embryos: Expression patterns and activities of BMP‐2 and BMP‐4

1995 • 344 citations

eFGF regulates Xbra expression during Xenopus gastrulation.

1994 • 340 citations

Bmp-4 acts as a morphogen in dorsoventral mesoderm patterning in Xenopus

1997 • 332 citations

A nodal-related gene defines a physical and functional domain within the Spemann organizer

1995 • 332 citations

The zebrafish Nodal signal Squint functions as a morphogen

2001 • 328 citations

Activin signalling and response to a morphogen gradient

1994 • 328 citations

Positional information revisited

1989 • 322 citations

Binding affinities and cooperative interactions with bHLH activators delimit threshold responses to the dorsal gradient morphogen

1993 • 322 citations

Twisted gastrulation is a conserved extracellular BMP antagonist

2001 • 302 citations

Regulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Activity by Pro Domains and Proprotein Convertases

1999 • 301 citations

The Whereabouts of a Morphogen: Direct Evidence for Short- and Graded Long-Range Activity of Hedgehog Signaling Peptides

2001 • 288 citations

A conserved region of engrailed, shared among all en-, gsc-, Nk1-, Nk2- and msh-class homeoproteins, mediates active transcriptional repression in vivo

1996 • 280 citations

The evolutionarily conserved BMP-binding protein Twisted gastrulation promotes BMP signalling

2000 • 278 citations

A mesoderm-inducing factor is produced by a Xenopus cell line

1987 • 276 citations

Mesoderm formation in response to Brachyury requires FGF signalling

1995 • 276 citations

Equivalent genetic roles for bmp7/snailhouse and bmp2b/swirl in dorsoventral pattern formation

2000 • 269 citations

One hundred years of positional information

1996 • 269 citations

Mesodermal patterning by an inducer gradient depends on secondary cell–cell communication

1994 • 267 citations

Mesoderm induction in Xenopus is a zygotic event regulated by maternal VegT via TGFβ growth factors

1999 • 265 citations

TGF‐β Latency: Biological Significance and Mechanisms of Activation

1997 • 261 citations

Nodal signaling patterns the organizer

2000 • 261 citations

Sonic hedgehog in CNS development: one signal, multiple outputs

2002 • 259 citations

Endogenous patterns of TGFβ superfamily signaling during early Xenopus development

2000 • 256 citations

The formation of the mesoderm in urodelean amphibians

1973 • 247 citations

Thresholds in development

1977 • 247 citations

Nodal Signaling in Early Vertebrate Embryos

2001 • 243 citations

Retinoic acid induces polarizing activity but is unlikely to be a morphogen in the chick limb bud

1991 • 242 citations

The Xenopus Dorsalizing Factor noggin Ventralizes Drosophila Embryos by Preventing DPP from Activating Its Receptor

1996 • 242 citations

The heritage of experimental embryology: Hans Spemann and the organizer

1988 • 232 citations

Two novel nodal-related genes initiate early inductive events in Xenopus Nieuwkoop center

2000 • 226 citations

Mesoderm induction by activin requires FGF-mediated intracellular signals

1994 • 225 citations

Molecular mechanisms of Spemann's organizer formation: conserved growth factor synergy between Xenopus and mouse.

1995 • 225 citations

The biological effects of XTC-MIF: quantitative comparison with Xenopus bFGF

1990 • 220 citations

The Xenopus homeobox gene Twin mediates Wnt induction of Goosecoid in establishment of Spemann’s organizer

1997 • 220 citations

Boundaries in Development: Formation and Function

2001 • 214 citations

Regulated Endocytic Routing Modulates Wingless Signaling in Drosophila Embryos

2001 • 211 citations

1998 warkany lecture: Signaling pathways in development

1999 • 209 citations

Activin-mediated mesoderm induction requires FGF

1994 • 208 citations

The Interpretation of Position in a Morphogen Gradient as Revealed by Occupancy of Activin Receptors

1998 • 205 citations

Twisted gastrulation can function as a BMP antagonist

2001 • 202 citations

Essential role of Bmp7 (snailhouse) and its prodomain in dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo

2000 • 202 citations

Combinatorial signaling codes for the progressive determination of cell fates in the Drosophila embryonic mesoderm

1998 • 193 citations

Regulation of Hox gene expression and posterior development by the Xenopus caudal homologue Xcad3

1998 • 190 citations

Xenopus nodal-related signaling is essential for mesendodermal patterning during early embryogenesis

1999 • 189 citations

Cleavage of the BMP-4 Antagonist Chordin by Zebrafish Tolloid

1997 • 187 citations

Homologues of Twisted gastrulation are extracellular cofactors in antagonism of BMP signalling

2001 • 187 citations

Mode of action of VegT in mesoderm and endoderm formation

1999 • 186 citations

TheXenopus Brachyurypromoter is activated by FGF and low concentrations ofactivinandsuppressed by high concentrationsof activin and by paired-type homeodomain proteins

1997 • 183 citations

Mechanisms for Positional Signalling by Morphogen Transport: a Theoretical Study

1998 • 181 citations

Action Range of BMP Is Defined by Its N-Terminal Basic Amino Acid Core

2002 • 175 citations

Gastrulation movements provide an early marker of mesoderm induction in Xenopus laevis

1987 • 172 citations

BMP signalling in early Xenopus development

1999 • 171 citations

Shaping Morphogen Gradients

2001 • 169 citations

Spatial response to fibroblast growth factor signalling inXenopusembryos

1999 • 165 citations

Xnr4:AXenopusNodal-Related Gene Expressed in the Spemann Organizer

1997 • 159 citations

Direct and continuous assessment by cells of their position in a morphogen gradient

1995 • 150 citations

Initiation of vertebrate left–right axis formation by maternal Vg1

1996 • 148 citations

Effects of truncated activin and FGF receptors and of follistatin on the inducing activities of BVg1 and activin: does activin play a role in mesoderm induction?

1994 • 145 citations

Transcriptional Control

2000 • 136 citations

A Xenopus type I activin receptor mediates mesodermal but not neural specification during embryogenesis

1997 • 134 citations

Directionality of Wingless protein transport influences epidermal patterning in the Drosophila embryo

1999 • 133 citations

Activation ofSiamoisby theWntPathway

1996 • 133 citations

Signalling by the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor is required for the specification and diversification of embryonic muscle progenitors

1998 • 132 citations

Signalling by TGF-β family members: short-range effects of Xnr-2 and BMP-4 contrast with the long-range effects of activin

1996 • 132 citations

The activity and signaling range of mature BMP-4 is regulated by sequential cleavage at two sites within the prodomain of the precursor

2001 • 131 citations

Genetics of morphogen gradients

2001 • 129 citations

Ventral mesoderm induction and patterning by bone morphogenetic protein heterodimers in Xenopus embryos

1998 • 126 citations

Establishment of a BMP-4 Morphogen Gradient by Long-Range Inhibition

1998 • 121 citations

FGF is a prospective competence factor for early activin-type signals in Xenopus mesoderm induction

1995 • 120 citations

Purification, partial characterization and biological effects of the XTC mesoderm-inducing factor

1988 • 118 citations

Misexpression of chick Vg1 in the marginal zone induces primitive streak formation

1997 • 117 citations

Morphogen gradients: new insights from DPP

1999 • 116 citations

Conservation of dorsal-ventral patterning in arthropods and chordates

1996 • 116 citations

Towards a model of the organisation of planar polarity and pattern in theDrosophilaabdomen

2002 • 116 citations

Formation of morphogen gradients in the Drosophila wing

1999 • 115 citations

Timing of endogenous activin-like signals and regional specification of theXenopusembryo

2001 • 112 citations

A Xenopus nodal-related gene that acts in synergy with noggin to induce complete secondary axis and notochord formation

1996 • 111 citations

Early developmental expression and experimental axis determination by the chicken Vg1 gene

1996 • 107 citations

Cells’ Perception of Position in a Concentration Gradient

1998 • 107 citations

Nuclear exclusion of Smad2 is a mechanism leading to loss of competence

2002 • 106 citations

Blastomere derivation and domains of gene expression in the Spemann Organizer of Xenopus laevis

1995 • 105 citations

Short-Range Signaling by Candidate Morphogens of the TGFβ Family and Evidence for a Relay Mechanism of Induction

1996 • 104 citations

FGF Is Required for Posterior Neural Patterning but Not for Neural Induction

1999 • 104 citations

Role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cell–cell signaling in Drosophila

2000 • 103 citations

Cooperation between the activin and Wnt pathways in the spatial control of organizer gene expression

1998 • 100 citations

Regulating morphogen gradients in the Drosophila wing

2002 • 97 citations

Interaction of goosecoid and brachyury in Xenopus mesoderm patterning

1997 • 97 citations

Control of neurogenesis — lessons from frogs, fish and flies

1999 • 91 citations

A quantitative analysis of signal transduction from activin receptor to nucleus and its relevance to morphogen gradient interpretation

1999 • 90 citations

Region-specific activation of the Xenopus Brachyury promoter involves active repression in ectoderm and endoderm: a study using transgenic frog embryos

2000 • 90 citations

Morphogen Gradient Formation and Vesicular Trafficking

2002 • 88 citations

eFGF and its mode of action in the community effect during Xenopus myogenesis

2001 • 87 citations

Growth factors as morphogens: do gradients and thresholds establish body plan?

1991 • 86 citations

Embryonic induction

1993 • 86 citations

The epithelium of the dorsal marginal zone of Xenopus has organizer properties

1992 • 84 citations

The Spemann Organizer ofXenopusIs Patterned along Its Anteroposterior Axis at the Earliest Gastrula Stage

1997 • 84 citations

Activin as a morphogen in Xenopus mesoderm induction

1999 • 84 citations

Two phases of Hox gene regulation during early Xenopus development

1998 • 81 citations

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are required for mesoderm formation in Xenopus embryos

1994 • 81 citations

Effects of heterodimerization and proteolytic processing on Derrière and Nodal activity: implications for mesoderm induction inXenopus

2002 • 79 citations

Slow emergence of a multithreshold response to activin requires cell-contact-dependent sharpening but not prepattern

1994 • 78 citations

Single cells can sense their position in a morphogen gradient

1999 • 77 citations

Drosophila short gastrulation induces an ectopic axis in Xenopus: evidence for conserved mechanisms of dorsal-ventral patterning

1995 • 76 citations

Slow emergence of a multithreshold response to activin requires cell-contact-dependent sharpening but not prepattern

1994 • 72 citations

Xlim-1 and LIM Domain Binding Protein 1 Cooperate with Various Transcription Factors in the Regulation of the goosecoid Promoter

2000 • 69 citations

Une conception nouvelle des bases physiologiques de la morphogénèse

1937 • 67 citations

Small pool expression screening: Identification of genes involved in cell cycle control, apoptosis, and early development

1997 • 67 citations

Is Chordin a Long-Range- or Short-Range-Acting Factor? Roles for BMP1-Related Metalloproteases in Chordin and BMP4 Autofeedback Loop Regulation

2000 • 66 citations

BMP1-Related Metalloproteinases Promote the Development of Ventral Mesoderm in Early Xenopus Embryos

1998 • 66 citations

Morphogen gradients in vertebrate limb development

1999 • 65 citations

A changing morphogen gradient is interpreted by continuous transduction flow

2002 • 62 citations

Morphogens: how big is the big picture?

2001 • 61 citations

Expression cloning of Xantivin, a Xenopus lefty/antivin-related gene, involved in the regulation of activin signaling during mesoderm induction

2000 • 54 citations

Patterning of the mesoderm involves several threshold responses to BMP-4 and Xwnt-8

1999 • 53 citations

2 Molecular and Cellular Basis of Pattern Formation during Vertebrate Limb Development

1998 • 52 citations

Formation of a functional morphogen gradient by a passive process in tissue from the early Xenopus embryo.

2001 • 49 citations

Negative Autoregulation of the Organizer-specific Homeobox Gene goosecoid

1998 • 48 citations

Multiple nodal-Related Genes Act Coordinately in Xenopus Embryogenesis

2002 • 48 citations

hedgehog and wing development in Drosophila: a morphogen at work?

2000 • 46 citations

Pictures in cell biology

1998 • 46 citations

Twisted Perspective

2001 • 45 citations

Form and Causality in Early Development

1939 • 44 citations

Form and Causality in Early Development

1940 • 43 citations

Characterisation ofHoxa gene expression in the chick limb bud in response to FGF

2001 • 41 citations

Tales of tails: Brachyury and the T-box genes

1997 • 41 citations

Inductive Signals: Revolving vertebrates

1995 • 39 citations

Vertebrate Limb Development and Malformations

1999 • 35 citations

Heparitinase inhibition of mesoderm induction and gastrulation in Xenopus laevis embryos

1994 • 34 citations

Regulation of BMP Signaling by the BMP1/TLD-Related Metalloprotease, SpAN

1999 • 32 citations

The community effect, dorsalization and mesoderm induction

1993 • 31 citations

Studies on the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Neurogenesis Using Conjugated/Aged Animal Caps and Dorsal Ectoderm-Grafted Embryos

1997 • 28 citations

The Animal Cap Assay

2003 • 28 citations

Cortical rotation is required for the correct spatial expression of nr3, sia and gsc in Xenopus embryos.

1997 • 28 citations

Differential effects on Xenopus development of interference with type IIA and type IIB activin receptors

1997 • 26 citations

Promoter activity of the zebrafish bhikhari retroelement requires an intact activin signaling pathway

1999 • 25 citations

The hunting of the organizer: an episode in biochemical embryology

1985 • 25 citations

Background to bicoid

1988 • 24 citations

Combinatorial signaling in development

1994 • 23 citations

Optimistic analysis—chemical embryology in Cambridge 1920–42

1987 • 23 citations

A diffusion model for mesoderm induction in amphibian embryos

1977 • 18 citations

Cytonemes

1999 • 17 citations

Endocytosis in Drosophila: Progress, Possibilities, Prognostications

2001 • 16 citations

A dynamic requirement for community interactions during Xenopus myogenesis.

2002 • 15 citations

Evidence for dual mechanisms of mesoderm establishment inXenopus embryos

2000 • 15 citations

Gradient model describes the spatial-temporal expression pattern ofHOXA genes in the developing vertebrate limb

1996 • 15 citations

Development: Morphogen gradients and mesodermal patterning

1997 • 14 citations

Argosomes: Intracellular Transport Vehicles for Intercellular Signals?

2002 • 9 citations

Wingless signalling: More about the Wingless morphogen

2001 • 9 citations

Induction, gradient models and the role of negative feedback in body pattern formation in the amphibian embryo

1991 • 7 citations

A cascading development model for amphibian embryos

1989 • 6 citations

Embryonic Patterning of Xenopus Mesoderm by Bmp-4

2000 • 6 citations

Regulation of Amphibian Gastrulae with Added Ectoderm1

1938 • 5 citations

Cited By (0)

Loading...
Morphogen gradients, positional information, and Xenopus: Interplay of theory and… (2002) – Developmental Dynamics | Metascience Observatory Explorer