The Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Role in Immune Privilege in the Central Nervous System

Rho GTPases and the Actin Cytoskeleton

1998 • 6,129 citations

FINE STRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF A BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER TO EXOGENOUS PEROXIDASE

1967 • 2,534 citations

Occludin: a novel integral membrane protein localizing at tight junctions.

1993 • 2,466 citations

Three-dimensional segregation of supramolecular activation clusters in T cells

1998 • 2,316 citations

Claudin-1 and -2: Novel Integral Membrane Proteins Localizing at Tight Junctions with No Sequence Similarity to Occludin

1998 • 2,005 citations

Perivascular Microglial Cells of the CNS Are Bone Marrow-Derived and Present Antigen in Vivo

1988 • 1,451 citations

Junctional Adhesion Molecule, a Novel Member of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily That Distributes at Intercellular Junctions and Modulates Monocyte Transmigration

1998 • 1,356 citations

The Tight Junction Protein ZO-1 Establishes a Link between the Transmembrane Protein Occludin and the Actin Cytoskeleton

1998 • 1,331 citations

Complex Phenotype of Mice Lacking Occludin, a Component of Tight Junction Strands

2000 • 1,118 citations

Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood–brain barrier

2001 • 742 citations

Electrical resistance across the blood‐brain barrier in anaesthetized rats: a developmental study.

1990 • 736 citations

MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE OF TIGHT JUNCTIONS

1998 • 718 citations

CNS Myelin and Sertoli Cell Tight Junction Strands Are Absent in Osp/Claudin-11 Null Mice

1999 • 678 citations

The influence of cytokines on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in vitro

1996 • 641 citations

Normal adult ramified microglia separated from other central nervous system macrophages by flow cytometric sorting. Phenotypic differences defined and direct ex vivo antigen presentation to myelin basic protein-reactive CD4+ T cells compared.

1995 • 622 citations

ZO-3, a Novel Member of the MAGUK Protein Family Found at the Tight Junction, Interacts with ZO-1 and Occludin

1998 • 592 citations

Brain-type glucose transporter (GLUT-1) is selectively localized to the blood-brain barrier. Studies with quantitative western blotting and in situ hybridization.

1990 • 581 citations

Occludin and claudins in tight-junction strands: leading or supporting players?

1999 • 575 citations

Cannabinoids control spasticity and tremor in a multiple sclerosis model

2000 • 526 citations

The γ-Glutamyl Cycle: A Possible Transport System for Amino Acids

1970 • 511 citations

CD99 plays a major role in the migration of monocytes through endothelial junctions

2002 • 497 citations

Interaction of Junctional Adhesion Molecule with the Tight Junction Components ZO-1, Cingulin, and Occludin

2000 • 469 citations

Blood-brain barrier biology and methodology

1999 • 436 citations

The blood-brain barrier in neuroinflammatory diseases.

1997 • 406 citations

γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase in Isolated Brain Endothelial Cells: Induction by Glial Cells in Vitro

1980 • 404 citations

Nervous tissue as an immune compartment: the dialect of the immune response in the CNS

1994 • 366 citations

Migration of Hematogenous Cells Through the Blood‐Brain Barrier and the Initiation of CNS Inflammation

1991 • 362 citations

Transporter-Mediated Permeation of Drugs Across the Blood–Brain Barrier

2000 • 361 citations

The Cell Biology of Antigen Processing and Presentation

1991 • 349 citations

Immune Invasion of the Central Nervous System Parenchyma and Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis, But Not Leukocyte Extravasation from Blood, Are Prevented in Macrophage-Depleted Mice

1998 • 344 citations

Glial cell influence on the human blood‐brain barrier

2001 • 322 citations

Morphology of blood-brain interfaces

1977 • 300 citations

Regulation of Tight Junction Permeability and Occludin Phosphorylation by RhoA-p160ROCK-dependent and -independent Mechanisms

2001 • 300 citations

Altered vascular permeability and early onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in PECAM-1–deficient mice

2002 • 290 citations

Progress and limitations in the use of in vitro cell cultures to serve as a permeability screen for the blood-brain barrier

2001 • 274 citations

Monoclonal antibody 7H6 reacts with a novel tight junction-associated protein distinct from ZO-1, cingulin and ZO-2.

1993 • 266 citations

Heterogeneity of endothelial junctions is reflected by differential expression and specific subcellular localization of the three JAM family members

2001 • 261 citations

Induction of blood–brain barrier properties in immortalized bovine brain endothelial cells by astrocytic factors

1999 • 223 citations

Differential adhesion molecule requirements for immune surveillance and inflammatory recruitment

2000 • 218 citations

A Transmembrane Tight Junction Protein Selectively Expressed on Endothelial Cells and Platelets

2002 • 217 citations

Sustained and dynamic inositol lipid metabolism inside and outside the immunological synapse

2002 • 212 citations

β-Amyloid-induced migration of monocytes across human brain endothelial cells involves RAGE and PECAM-1

2000 • 209 citations

Identification of αvβ3 as a heterotypic ligand for CD31/PECAM-1

1996 • 197 citations

Spatial and temporal relationships between cadherins and PECAM-1 in cell-cell junctions of human endothelial cells.

1994 • 196 citations

Soluble Domain 1 of Platelet–Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (PECAM) Is Sufficient to Block Transendothelial Migration In Vitro and In Vivo

1997 • 184 citations

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Modulates Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration via Up-regulation of Interleukin-8 in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

2002 • 182 citations

Interferon-β directly influences monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system

2002 • 179 citations

Lymphocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration in the central nervous system: the role of LFA-1, ICAM-1, VLA-4 and VCAM-1. off.

1995 • 178 citations

Morphological and functional characterization of an in vitro blood–brain barrier model

1997 • 171 citations

Macrophage phagocytosis of myelin in vitro determined by flow cytometry: phagocytosis is mediated by CR3 and induces production of tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide

1996 • 164 citations

Anti-inflammatory activity of nerve growth factor in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: inhibition of monocyte transendothelial migration

2001 • 162 citations

Fracture faces of cell junctions in cerebral endothelium during normal and hyperosmotic conditions.

1984 • 160 citations

A heterophilic adhesion mechanism for platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31).

1992 • 160 citations

Reactive oxygen species enhance the migration of monocytes across the blood‐brain barrier in vitro

2001 • 160 citations

Impaired blood–brain barrier function in angiotensinogen-deficient mice

1998 • 143 citations

Lovastatin treatment decreases mononuclear cell infiltration into the CNS of Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

2001 • 142 citations

Cingulin: Characterization and localization

1989 • 138 citations

Involvement of a Heterotrimeric G Protein α Subunit in Tight Junction Biogenesis

1996 • 136 citations

Inhibition of Monocyte/Macrophage Migration to a Spinal Cord Injury Site by an Antibody to the Integrin αD: A Potential New Anti-inflammatory Treatment

2000 • 136 citations

Signal-Regulatory Protein α-CD47 Interactions Are Required for the Transmigration of Monocytes Across Cerebral Endothelium

2002 • 127 citations

Characterization of MRI response to treatment with interferon beta-1b: Contrast-enhancing MRI lesion frequency as a primary outcome measure

1997 • 124 citations

In vivo and in vitro treatment with the synthetic cannabinoid CP55,940 decreases the in vitro migration of macrophages in the rat: involvement of both CB1 and CB2 receptors

2000 • 122 citations

Interaction between myelin basic protein-sensitized T lymphocytes and murine cerebral vascular endothelial cells.

1986 • 117 citations

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment decreases macrophage accumulation in the CNS of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

2000 • 116 citations

Recent advances in understanding brain capillary function

1983 • 114 citations

Cell adhesion, cell junctions and the blood—brain barrier

1996 • 110 citations

Increase in Surface Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-Selectin in Human Cerebromicrovascular Endothelial Cells Subjected to Ischemia-Like Insults

1997 • 110 citations

Novel chemokine functions in lymphocyte migration through vascular endothelium under shear flow

2001 • 100 citations

TGF-beta 2 decreases migration of lymphocytes in vitro and homing of cells into the central nervous system in vivo.

1995 • 99 citations

EVIDENCE THAT ACTIVATION OF HUMAN T CELLS BY PORCINE ENDOTHELIUM INVOLVES DIRECT RECOGNITION OF PORCINE SLA AND COSTIMULATION BY PORCINE LIGANDS FOR LFA-1 AND CD2

1994 • 97 citations

Treatment with anti‐CR3 antibodies ED7 and ED8 suppresses experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats

1993 • 96 citations

Diversity in unity: The biochemical composition of the endothelial cell surface varies between the vascular beds

2002 • 96 citations

Effects of interferon-gamma on primary cultures of human brain microvessel endothelial cells.

1993 • 94 citations

Transendothelial permeability changes induced by free radicals in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier

1999 • 93 citations

Nitric oxide protects blood‐brain barrier in vitro from hypoxia/reoxygenation‐mediated injury

1998 • 93 citations

EVIDENCE THAT ACTIVATION OF HUMAN T CELLS BY PORCINE ENDOTHELIUM INVOLVES DIRECT RECOGNITION OF PORCINE SLA AND COSTIMULATION BY PORCINE LIGANDS FOR LFA-1 AND CD2

1994 • 91 citations

Effect of endothelial cell polarity on β-amyloid-induced migration of monocytes across normal and AD endothelium

2002 • 90 citations

Model systems for studies of leukocyte migration across the blood- brain barrier

1999 • 89 citations

HLA class II molecules (HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ) on cells in the human CNS studied in situ and in vitro.

1994 • 83 citations

HIV-1 gp120 increases the permeability of rat brain endothelium cultures by a mechanism involving substance P

1998 • 79 citations

Regulation by Cytokines and Lipopolysaccharide of E-selectin Expression by Human Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells in Primary Culture

1996 • 77 citations

HIV-1 tat protein induces the production of interleukin-8 by human brain-derived endothelial cells

1999 • 73 citations

Differential activation of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ cells by murine brain microvessel endothelial cells and smooth muscle/pericytes.

1993 • 71 citations

A new model of the blood–brain barrier

1999 • 70 citations

Human Vascular Endothelium Heterogeneity

1997 • 66 citations

Adhesion Molecule Mechanisms Mediating Monocyte Migration Through Synovial Fibroblast and Endothelium Barriers: Role for CD11/CD18, Very Late Antigen-4 (CD49d/CD29), Very Late Antigen-5 (CD49e/CD29), and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD106)

1998 • 57 citations

Isolation and culture of human neuromicrovascular endothelial cells for the study of angiogenesis in vitro

1999 • 51 citations

Interleukin-1 Modulates Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity and Permeability of Brain Endothelial Cells

1997 • 51 citations

Inhibition of Antigen-Specific T Cell Trafficking into the Central Nervous System via Blocking PECAM1/CD31 Molecule

2001 • 50 citations

T cell adhesion to endothelial cells and extracellular matrix is modulated upon transendothelial cell migration.

1997 • 50 citations

Antigen presentation in brain: brain endothelial cells are poor stimulators of T-cell proliferation.

1989 • 46 citations

Die allgemeinen Grundlagen des Stoffaustausches zwischen dem Zentralnervensystem und dem übrigen Körper

1934 • 46 citations

Lymphocyte trafficking through the blood–brain barrier is dependent on endothelial cell heterotrimeric G‐protein signaling

2002 • 43 citations

High-Dose Methylprednisolone Reduces Cytokine-Induced Adhesion Molecules on Human Brain Endothelium

2000 • 41 citations

Antigen-specific T cell trafficking into the central nervous system

2000 • 38 citations

γ‐Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity in Brain Microvessels Exhibits Regional Heterogeneity

1992 • 38 citations

Interferon-β Counteracts Inflammatory Mediator-Induced Effects on Brain Endothelial Cell Tight Junction Molecules—Implications for Multiple Sclerosis

2002 • 37 citations

Kinetics of MHC gene expression and mRNA synthesis in brain endothelium.

1988 • 36 citations

History of the Blood-Brain Barrier Concept

1989 • 34 citations

Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells of the Brain.

1996 • 31 citations

Expression and function of the costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) in an in vitro model of the human blood–brain barrier

2001 • 31 citations

Growth of brain microvessel endothelial cells on collagen gels: Applications to the study of blood-brain barrier physiology and CNS inflammation

1994 • 30 citations

Anergy induction in encephalitogenic T cells by brain microvessel endothelial cells is inhibited by interleukin‐1

1995 • 25 citations

Rhesus macaque brain microvessel endothelial cells behave in a manner phenotypically distinct from umbilical vein endothelial cells

2001 • 21 citations

Kinetics and Polarization of the Membrane Expression of Cytokine-induced ICAM-1 on Rat Brain Endothelial Cells

2000 • 19 citations

Altered vascular permeability and early onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in PECAM-1–deficient mice

2002 • 19 citations

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF MONOCYTE TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION BY CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION

2001 • 15 citations

Role of Shear and Leukocyte Adherence on Venular Permeability in the Rat Mesentery

2001 • 9 citations