Signaling Danger

Innate Immune Recognition

2002 • 8,157 citations

Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene

1998 • 7,541 citations

A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

2000 • 6,348 citations

Toll-Like Receptors

2003 • 6,127 citations

Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3

2001 • 5,893 citations

Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity

2001 • 4,673 citations

The Danger Model: A Renewed Sense of Self

2002 • 4,107 citations

CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation

1995 • 3,543 citations

The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5

2001 • 3,507 citations

Cutting Edge: Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-Deficient Mice Are Hyporesponsive to Lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the Lps Gene Product

1999 • 3,364 citations

CpG Motifs in Bacterial DNA and Their Immune Effects

2002 • 2,520 citations

Phylogenetic Perspectives in Innate Immunity

1999 • 2,478 citations

Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88–dependent signaling pathway

2002 • 2,438 citations

Decoding the Patterns of Self and Nonself by the Innate Immune System

2002 • 2,096 citations

The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between Toll-like receptors

2000 • 2,076 citations

TLR4 mutations are associated with endotoxin hyporesponsiveness in humans

2000 • 2,023 citations

Subsets of Human Dendritic Cell Precursors Express Different Toll-like Receptors and Respond to Different Microbial Antigens

2001 • 1,989 citations

Quantitative Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 1–10 mRNA in Cellular Subsets of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Sensitivity to CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides

2002 • 1,919 citations

Chromatin–IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors

2002 • 1,877 citations

Antigen Presentation and T Cell Stimulation by Dendritic Cells

2002 • 1,860 citations

Peptidoglycan- and Lipoteichoic Acid-induced Cell Activation Is Mediated by Toll-like Receptor 2

1999 • 1,714 citations

Host Defense Mechanisms Triggered by Microbial Lipoproteins Through Toll-Like Receptors

1999 • 1,679 citations

Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus

2000 • 1,644 citations

Cutting Edge: Heat Shock Protein 60 Is a Putative Endogenous Ligand of the Toll-Like Receptor-4 Complex

2000 • 1,632 citations

Endotoxin-tolerant Mice Have Mutations in Toll-like Receptor 4 (Tlr4)

1999 • 1,570 citations

Cell Activation and Apoptosis by Bacterial Lipoproteins Through Toll-like Receptor-2

1999 • 1,500 citations

Novel Signal Transduction Pathway Utilized by Extracellular HSP70

2002 • 1,483 citations

The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens

1999 • 1,381 citations

Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan Activate Dendritic Cells via Toll-like Receptor 4

2002 • 1,339 citations

Cutting Edge: Role of Toll-Like Receptor 1 in Mediating Immune Response to Microbial Lipoproteins

2002 • 1,309 citations

Cutting Edge: Bacterial Flagellin Activates Basolaterally Expressed TLR5 to Induce Epithelial Proinflammatory Gene Expression

2001 • 1,305 citations

TRAF6 is a signal transducer for interleukin-1

1996 • 1,287 citations

Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways

2003 • 1,236 citations

Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction

2001 • 1,231 citations

Cutting Edge: A Novel Toll/IL-1 Receptor Domain-Containing Adapter That Preferentially Activates the IFN-β Promoter in the Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

2002 • 1,228 citations

Identification of Lps2 as a key transducer of MyD88-independent TIR signalling

2003 • 1,226 citations

Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6

2001 • 1,222 citations

Tissue Expression of Human Toll-Like Receptors and Differential Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor mRNAs in Leukocytes in Response to Microbes, Their Products, and Cytokines

2002 • 1,214 citations

TICAM-1, an adaptor molecule that participates in Toll-like receptor 3–mediated interferon-β induction

2003 • 1,203 citations

The Extra Domain A of Fibronectin Activates Toll-like Receptor 4

2001 • 1,200 citations

Danger signals: SOS to the immune system

2001 • 1,198 citations

IRAK (Pelle) Family Member IRAK-2 and MyD88 as Proximal Mediators of IL-1 Signaling

1997 • 1,159 citations

Phagocytosis of Microbes: Complexity in Action

2002 • 1,114 citations

Differential Expression and Regulation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) in Human Leukocytes: Selective Expression of TLR3 in Dendritic Cells

2000 • 1,060 citations

TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway

2001 • 962 citations

HSP70 as Endogenous Stimulus of the Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor Signal Pathway

2002 • 949 citations

Fibrinogen Stimulates Macrophage Chemokine Secretion Through Toll-Like Receptor 4

2001 • 947 citations

Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function as T helper-1-promoting adjuvants

1997 • 919 citations

Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Activation of Dendritic Cells by β-Defensin 2

2002 • 885 citations

Toll-like receptor-2 mediates mycobacteria-induced proinflammatory signaling in macrophages

1999 • 829 citations

Human Toll-Like Receptors Mediate Cellular Activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

1999 • 813 citations

Specialization and complementarity in microbial molecule recognition by human myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells

2001 • 792 citations

Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells through a TLR2-dependent mechanism

2001 • 730 citations

Bacterial CpG-DNA and lipopolysaccharides activate Toll-like receptors at distinct cellular compartments

2002 • 724 citations

Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 Differentially Activate Human Dendritic Cells

2001 • 693 citations

CpG DNA Is a Potent Enhancer of Specific Immunity in Mice Immunized with Recombinant Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

1998 • 684 citations

A role for Toll-like receptors in acquired immunity: up-regulation of TLR9 by BCR triggering in naive B cells and constitutive expression in memory B cells

2003 • 668 citations

CpG-DNA-specific activation of antigen-presenting cells requires stress kinase activity and is preceded by non-specific endocytosis and endosomal maturation

1998 • 667 citations

Receptor-Mediated Monitoring of Tissue Well-Being Via Detection of Soluble Heparan Sulfate by Toll-Like Receptor 4

2002 • 648 citations

Activation of Toll-Like Receptor-2 by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors from a Protozoan Parasite

2001 • 593 citations

Molecular basis for the immunostimulatory activity of guanine nucleoside analogs: Activation of Toll-like receptor 7

2003 • 578 citations

Evidence for impaired t cell dna methylation in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis

1990 • 546 citations

T Cell Memory

2002 • 529 citations

Local synthesis of complement component C3 regulates acute renal transplant rejection

2002 • 503 citations

Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors

2002 • 499 citations

The Endoplasmic Reticulum-resident Heat Shock Protein Gp96 Activates Dendritic Cells via the Toll-like Receptor 2/4 Pathway

2002 • 496 citations

Endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors: implications for regulating inflammatory and immune responses

2002 • 495 citations

The Toll–IL-1 receptor adaptor family grows to five members

2003 • 491 citations

Cutting Edge: Functional Interactions Between Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR1 or TLR6 in Response to Phenol-Soluble Modulin

2001 • 477 citations

Interferon-α and Interleukin-12 Are Induced Differentially by Toll-like Receptor 7 Ligands in Human Blood Dendritic Cell Subsets

2002 • 461 citations

B‐cell activation by T‐cell‐independent type 2 antigens as an integral part of the humoral immune response to pathogenic microorganisms

2000 • 452 citations

Establishment of a monoclonal antibody against human Toll-like receptor 3 that blocks double-stranded RNA-mediated signaling

2002 • 449 citations

TLR6: A novel member of an expanding Toll-like receptor family

1999 • 437 citations

Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice

2002 • 432 citations

An Essential Role of the NF-κB/Toll-Like Receptor Pathway in Induction of Inflammatory and Tissue-Repair Gene Expression by Necrotic Cells

2001 • 431 citations

In Vivo Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 4 by Renal Epithelial Cells: IFN-γ and TNF-α Mediated Up-Regulation During Inflammation

2002 • 431 citations

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR5, but Not TLR4, Are Required for Helicobacter pylori-induced NF-κB Activation and Chemokine Expression by Epithelial Cells

2003 • 420 citations

The Toll-Like Receptor 5 Stimulus Bacterial Flagellin Induces Maturation and Chemokine Production in Human Dendritic Cells

2003 • 399 citations

THE BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF HUMAN RECOMBINANT SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ON ACUTE AND CHRONIC REJECTION EVENTS IN RECIPIENTS OF CADAVERIC RENAL TRANSPLANTS

1994 • 392 citations

CpG‐containing synthetic oligonucleotides promote B and cytotoxic T cell responses to protein antigen: A new class of vaccine adjuvants

1997 • 390 citations

Identification of hTLR10: a novel human Toll-like receptor preferentially expressed in immune cells

2001 • 388 citations

Cooperation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 6 for Cellular Activation by Soluble Tuberculosis Factor andBorrelia burgdorferiOuter Surface Protein A Lipoprotein: Role of Toll-Interacting Protein and IL-1 Receptor Signaling Molecules in Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling

2001 • 388 citations

The toll-like receptor repertoire of human B lymphocytes: inducible and selective expression of TLR9 and TLR10 in normal and transformed cells

2003 • 381 citations

Dendritic-cell function in Toll-like receptor- and MyD88-knockout mice

2001 • 376 citations

Mouse Toll-like Receptor 4·MD-2 Complex Mediates Lipopolysaccharide-mimetic Signal Transduction by Taxol

2000 • 355 citations

Cutting Edge: Distinct Toll-Like Receptor 2 Activators Selectively Induce Different Classes of Mediator Production from Human Mast Cells

2003 • 351 citations

Activation and regulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 in human leprosy

2003 • 348 citations

Direct Binding of Toll-Like Receptor 2 to Zymosan, and Zymosan-Induced NF-κB Activation and TNF-α Secretion Are Down-Regulated by Lung Collectin Surfactant Protein A

2003 • 343 citations

Antibody Class Switching

1996 • 327 citations

Bacterial CpG-DNA Triggers Activation and Maturation of Human CD11c−, CD123+ Dendritic Cells

2001 • 306 citations

Cutting Edge: The Immunostimulatory Activity of the Lung Surfactant Protein-A Involves Toll-Like Receptor 4

2002 • 306 citations

Critical role of the Toll-like receptor signal adaptor protein MyD88 in acute allograft rejection

2003 • 305 citations

Intra-articularly localized bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs induces arthritis

1999 • 293 citations

Human Toll-Like Receptor 2 Mediates Monocyte Activation byListeria monocytogenes, But Not by Group B Streptococci or Lipopolysaccharide

2000 • 292 citations

Inhibitory Effects of Apoptotic Cell Ingestion upon Endotoxin-Driven Myeloid Dendritic Cell Maturation

2002 • 285 citations

Normal keratinocytes express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2 and 5: modulation of TLR expression in chronic plaque psoriasis

2003 • 284 citations

Modulating the immune response with dendritic cells and their growth factors

2001 • 277 citations

Evidence for an Accessory Protein Function for Toll-Like Receptor 1 in Anti-Bacterial Responses

2000 • 273 citations

Role of TLR-2 in the Activation of Nuclear Factor κB by Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Myocytes

2001 • 269 citations

CpG Oligodeoxyribonucleotides Rescue Mature Spleen B Cells from Spontaneous Apoptosis and Promote Cell Cycle Entry

1998 • 245 citations

Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in C-C Chemokine Production by Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

2002 • 243 citations

Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Renal Failure

2004 • 237 citations

Toll-like Receptor-2 Mediates Treponema Glycolipid and Lipoteichoic Acid-induced NF-κB Translocation

2001 • 233 citations

Recombinant Human Heat Shock Protein 60 Does Not Induce the Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor α from Murine Macrophages

2003 • 223 citations

The Inflammatory Cascade in Acute Ischemic Renal Failure

2002 • 216 citations

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Is Required for Optimal Development of Th2 Immune Responses: Role of Dendritic Cells

2002 • 215 citations

OmpA targets dendritic cells, induces their maturation and delivers antigen into the MHC class I presentation pathway

2000 • 214 citations

Neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance correlated with LPS responsiveness in local gram-negative infection.

1987 • 203 citations

Species-specific Regulation of Toll-like Receptor 3 Genes in Men and Mice

2003 • 198 citations

Enhanced Dendritic Cell Maturation by TNF-α or Cytidine-Phosphate-Guanosine DNA Drives T Cell Activation In Vitro and Therapeutic Anti-Tumor Immune Responses In Vivo

2000 • 195 citations

Induction of cross-reactive anti-dsDNA antibodies in preautoimmune NZB/NZW mice by immunization with bacterial DNA.

1995 • 177 citations

CpG DNA: A pathogenic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus?

1995 • 162 citations

Immunostimulatory CpG-DNA Activates Murine Microglia

2002 • 159 citations

Differences in Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Their Reactivities in Dendritic Cells in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice

2002 • 156 citations

Role of Toll‐like receptors in costimulating cytotoxic T cell responses

2003 • 153 citations

Differential roles of Toll-like receptors in the elicitation of proinflammatory responses by macrophages

2001 • 152 citations

Enhancing vaccines with immune stimulatory CpG DNA.

2001 • 148 citations

Transforming growth factor-beta and matrix protein expression in acute and chronic rejection of human renal allografts.

1995 • 148 citations

Topical immunomodulators—progress towards treating inflammation, infection, and cancer

2001 • 143 citations

Hypothesis: Is renal allograft rejection initiated by the response to injury sustained during the transplant process?

1999 • 141 citations

CpG DNA rescue from anti-IgM-induced WEHI-231 B lymphoma apoptosis via modulation of I kappa B alpha and I kappa B beta and sustained activation of nuclear factor-kappa B/c-Rel.

1998 • 130 citations

Dna isolated from DNA/anti-DNA antibody immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus is rich in guanine-cytosine content.

1982 • 126 citations

Macrophages exposed continuously to lipopolysaccharide and other agonists that act via toll-like receptors exhibit a sustained and additive activation state.

2001 • 126 citations

Novel Roles of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides as a Leader for the Sampling and Presentation of CpG-Tagged Antigen by Dendritic Cells

2001 • 125 citations

Effects of functional Toll‐like receptor‐4 mutations on the immune response to human and experimental sepsis

2003 • 121 citations

Modulation of renal disease in autoimmune NZB/NZW mice by immunization with bacterial DNA.

1996 • 113 citations

CpG DNA as a Th1 Trigger

2000 • 110 citations

A comprehensive study of the association between hepatitis C virus and glomerulopathy

2002 • 108 citations

Bacterial CpG-DNA Aggravates Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis

2003 • 105 citations

DNA‐based immunotherapeutics for the treatment of allergic disease

2001 • 102 citations

Expression of human beta-defensins 1 and 2 in kidneys with chronic bacterial infection

2002 • 102 citations

Pathophysiologic Features and Prevention of Human and Experimental Acute Tubular Necrosis

2001 • 101 citations

Diagnosis and nonsurgical management of osteoarthritis

2001 • 97 citations

Immunostimulatory DNA Prepriming: A Novel Approach for Prolonged Th1-Biased Immunity

1999 • 91 citations

Chemokine and Chemokine Receptor Expression during Initiation and Resolution of Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis

2001 • 88 citations

A role for Toll in autoimmunity

2002 • 82 citations

APC Stimulated by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Enhance Activation of MHC Class I-Restricted T Cells

2000 • 81 citations

Living unrelated renal donation: The University of Wisconsin experience

1998 • 78 citations

CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Induce Murine Macrophages to Up-Regulate Chemokine mRNA Expression

2000 • 73 citations

Noncoding RNA danger motifs bridge innate and adaptive immunity and are potent adjuvants for vaccination

2002 • 71 citations

From Bugs to Drugs: Therapeutic Immunomodulation with Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing CpG Sequences from Bacterial DNA

2001 • 67 citations

Intracisternally Localized Bacterial DNA Containing CpG Motifs Induces Meningitis

2001 • 67 citations

Abnormal DNA methylation and deoxycytosine‐deoxyguanine content in nucleosomes from lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis

1999 • 59 citations

The major role of macrophages and their product tumor necrosis factor α in the induction of arthritis triggered by bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs

2000 • 57 citations

Role of T Cell DNA Methylation in Lupus Syndromes

1994 • 53 citations

Fibronectin synthesis in tubular epithelial cells: Up-regulation of the EDA splice variant by transforming growth factor β

1995 • 49 citations

The Potential of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides as Mucosal Adjuvants

2001 • 41 citations

Bactericidal Activity of Renal Tubular Cells: The Putative Role of Human β-Defensins

2002 • 40 citations

Macrophage Biology and Pathobiology in the Evolution of Immune Responses: A Functional Analysis

2001 • 37 citations

Distribution of Toll‐like receptor 1 and Toll‐like receptor 2 in human lymphoid tissue

2003 • 33 citations

The potential impact of the reperfusion injury on acute and chronic rejection events following organ transplantation.

1994 • 32 citations

The Role of CpG Sequences in the Induction of Anti-DNA Antibodies

2001 • 27 citations

CpG-Oligonucleotides in Vaccination: Signaling and Mechanisms of Action

2001 • 22 citations

Immunostimulatory activity of cationic-lipid-nucleic-acid complexes against cancer

2002 • 19 citations

Hepatitis C virus infection and mixed cryoglobulinaemia: assessment of HCV RNA copy numbers in supernatant, cryoprecipitate and non‐liver cells

1996 • 15 citations

Immunostimulatory DNA sequences help to eradicate intracellular pathogens

2001 • 11 citations

SPECIFIC AND NONSPECIFIC IMMUNOREGULATORY FACTORS AND RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

1987 • 4 citations