Topical immunomodulators—progress towards treating inflammation, infection, and cancer

CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation

1995 • 3,543 citations

The Instructive Role of Innate Immunity in the Acquired Immune Response

1996 • 1,731 citations

CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Act as Adjuvants that Switch on T Helper 1 (Th1) Immunity

1997 • 1,008 citations

THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNAT TUMORS BY REPEATED INOCULATIONS OF ERYSIPELAS

1893 • 946 citations

The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas. With a report of ten original cases. 1893.

1991 • 917 citations

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GENITAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION

1988 • 700 citations

CpG-DNA-specific activation of antigen-presenting cells requires stress kinase activity and is preceded by non-specific endocytosis and endosomal maturation

1998 • 667 citations

MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF SOLAR KERATOSES TO SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

1988 • 634 citations

Self-administered Topical 5% Imiquimod Cream for External Anogenital Warts

1998 • 558 citations

Modulation of airway inflammation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in a murine model of asthma.

1998 • 557 citations

Activation of Cutaneous Dendritic Cells by CpG-Containing Oligodeoxynucleotides: A Role for Dendritic Cells in the Augmentation of Th1 Responses by Immunostimulatory DNA

1998 • 543 citations

Immunological Events in Regressing Genital Warts

1994 • 490 citations

Cutting Edge: Modulation of Airway Inflammation by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides in a Murine Model of Asthma

1998 • 416 citations

Conjugation of immunostimulatory DNA to the short ragweed allergen Amb a 1 enhances its immunogenicity and reduces its allergenicity

2000 • 394 citations

Long Term Prevention of Allergic Lung Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Asthma by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides

1999 • 392 citations

Therapeutic response of basal cell carcinoma to the immune response modifier imiquimod 5% cream

1999 • 375 citations

Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma: Results of a multicenter 6-week dose-response trial

2001 • 351 citations

IL-10 production in cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas. A mechanism for evading the local T cell immune response.

1995 • 326 citations

CpG DNA, a novel immune enhancer for systemic and mucosal immunization with influenza virus

1998 • 318 citations

Treatment of genital warts with an immune-response modifier (imiquimod)

1998 • 308 citations

Natural History of Warts

1963 • 297 citations

Imiquimod, a Topical Immune Response Modifier, Induces Migration of Langerhans Cells11The authors have declared a conflict of interest.

2000 • 295 citations

Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Bowen's disease

2001 • 269 citations

Cytokine induction by the immunomodulators imiquimod and S-27609

1995 • 268 citations

Modulation of TH1 and TH2 Cytokine Production with the Immune Response Modifiers, R-848 and Imiquimod

1999 • 259 citations

A Randomized, Controlled, Molecular Study of Condylomata Acuminata Clearance during Treatment with Imiquimod

1998 • 255 citations

Self‐administered topical 5% imiquimod for the treatment of common warts and molluscum contagiosum

2000 • 238 citations

Intranasal Immunization with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides as an Adjuvant Dramatically Increases IgA and Protection Against Herpes Simplex Virus-2 in the Genital Tract

2001 • 215 citations

Immunostimulatory Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing CpG Motifs Enhance the Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy of Lymphoma

1997 • 208 citations

CpG DNA overcomes hyporesponsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine in orangutans

2000 • 191 citations

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs can induce rejection of a neuroblastoma in mice.

1999 • 188 citations

Inhibition of murine tumor growth by an interferon-inducing imidazoquinolinamine.

1992 • 174 citations

Cytokine Induction in Hairless Mouse and Rat Skin After Topical Application of the Immune Response Modifiers Imiquimod and S-28463

1998 • 173 citations

Treatment of Experimental Leishmaniasis with the Immunomodulators Imiquimod and S‐28463: Efficacy and Mode of Action

1999 • 168 citations

Adjuvant Activities of Immune Response Modifier R-848: Comparison with CpG ODN

2000 • 157 citations

Topical imiquimod treatment of a cutaneous melanomametastasis

2000 • 147 citations

Successful treatment of actinic keratosis with imiquimod cream 5%: a report of six cases

2001 • 138 citations

CpG-DNA-Mediated Transient Lymphadenopathy Is Associated with a State of Th1 Predisposition to Antigen-Driven Responses

2000 • 137 citations

The Imidazoquinolines, Imiquimod and R-848, Induce Functional, but Not Phenotypic, Maturation of Human Epidermal Langerhans' Cells

2000 • 133 citations

I. The Treatment of Malignant Tumors by Repeated Inoculations of Erysipelas

1893 • 129 citations

Enhancement of the innate and cellular immune response in patients with genital warts treated with topical imiquimod cream 5%

1999 • 123 citations

Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ (Bowen's Disease) in Renal Transplant Patients Treated with 5% Imiquimod and 5% 5-Fluorouracil Therapy

2001 • 119 citations

Effects of a novel topical immunomodulator, imiquimod, on keratinocyte cytokine gene expression.

1994 • 116 citations

Dendritic Cell Maturation and Subsequent Enhanced T-Cell Stimulation Induced with the Novel Synthetic Immune Response Modifier R-848

1999 • 116 citations

Imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara™)

1998 • 115 citations

The Use of Imiquimod 5% Cream for the Treatment of Superficial Basal Cell Carcinomas in a Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome Patient

2000 • 111 citations

Posttherapy suppression of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) recurrences and enhancement of HSV-specific T-cell memory by imiquimod in guinea pigs

1994 • 105 citations

Application of a Topical Immune Response Modifier, Resiquimod Gel, to Modify the Recurrence Rate of Recurrent Genital Herpes: A Pilot Study

2001 • 99 citations

A randomized, controlled, safety study using imiquimod for the topical treatment of anogenital warts in HIV-infected patients

1999 • 98 citations

Papillomavirus DNA in Basal Cell Carcinomas of Immunocompetent Patients: an Accidental Association?

2000 • 95 citations

Imiquimod Therapy for Molluscum Contagiosum

2000 • 89 citations

Recalcitrant viral warts treated by diphencyprone immunotherapy

1999 • 86 citations

CpG DNA rescues B cells from apoptosis by activating NFκB and preventing mitochondrial membrane potential disruption via a chloroquine-sensitive pathway

1999 • 82 citations

Imiquimod and 5% Fluorouracil Therapy for Anal and Perianal SquamousCell Carcinoma In Situ in an HIV-1–Positive Man

2001 • 82 citations

Safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of penile genital warts in uncircumcised men when applied three times weekly or once per day

2001 • 81 citations

Daily or Weekly Therapy with Resiquimod (R‐848) Reduces Genital Recurrences in Herpes Simplex Virus–Infected Guinea Pigs during and after Treatment

2001 • 79 citations

Antisense c-myc and Immunostimulatory Oligonucleotide Inhibition of Tumorigenesis in a Murine B-Cell Lymphoma Transplant Model

1998 • 79 citations

INDUCTION OF CYTOKINES IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS BY THE IMMUNE RESPONSE MODIFIERS, IMIQUIMOD, S-27609 AND S-28463

1997 • 77 citations

Molecular Mechanisms of B Lymphocyte Activation by the Immune Response Modifier R-848

2000 • 76 citations

Immunomodulatory agents for prophylaxis and therapy of infections

2000 • 72 citations

Bacterial DNA or Oligonucleotides Containing Unmethylated CpG Motifs Can Minimize Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in the Lower Respiratory Tract Through an IL-12-Dependent Pathway

1999 • 72 citations

In vivo augmentation of natural killer cell activity with a deoxyribonucleic acid fraction of BCG.

1986 • 70 citations

Administration of Imiquimod, an Interferon Inducer, in Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Persons to Determine Safety and Biologic Response Modification

1998 • 68 citations

The presence of antibodies against virus-like particles of epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated humanpapillomavirus type 8 in patients with actinic keratoses

2000 • 68 citations

Macrophage Activation by Immunostimulatory DNA

2000 • 64 citations

Contact immunotherapy with squaric acid dibutylester for the treatment of recalcitrant warts

1999 • 59 citations

An open label safety study of topical imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of molluscum contagiosum in children

2001 • 57 citations

Self-administered topical imiquimod treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. A report of four cases.

2000 • 57 citations

Topical imiquimod to treat intraepidermal carcinoma.

2001 • 50 citations

Detection of human papillomavirus and response to topical 5% imiquimod in a case of stucco keratosis

2000 • 50 citations

Antiviral Therapy for Human Papillomaviruses: Rationale and Prospects

1995 • 49 citations

CLINICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGIC, AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF CUTANEOUS HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS

1999 • 41 citations

Dermal dendritic cells in anogenital warty lesions unresponsive to an immune‐response modifier

2001 • 38 citations

Interferon treatment enhances the expression of underphosphorylated (biologically-active) retinoblastoma protein in human papilloma virus-infected cells through the inhibitory TGFβ1/IFNβ cytokine pathway

1994 • 38 citations

Identification of Genes Induced by a Macrophage Activator, S-28463, Using Gene Expression Array Analysis

2001 • 37 citations

Immunologic responses to human papillomavirus infection.

1996 • 32 citations

Papillomaviruses and human oncogenesis

1992 • 30 citations

Immune modulatory effects of antibiotics

1996 • 28 citations

Treatment of facial verrucae with topical imiquimod cream in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus

2000 • 28 citations

An immunohistological study of spontaneous regression of condylomata acuminata.

1990 • 27 citations

Recurrent urogenital herpes simplex--successful treatment with imiquimod?

1999 • 18 citations

Hematopoietic Remodeling Triggered by CpG DNA

2000 • 15 citations

Self-administered topical 5% imiquimod cream for external anogenital warts in adolescent girls

2001 • 11 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations