Mechanisms of Viral Membrane Fusion and Its Inhibition

Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection

1995 • 4,310 citations

Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1

1996 • 3,649 citations

HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5

1996 • 3,189 citations

Homozygous Defect in HIV-1 Coreceptor Accounts for Resistance of Some Multiply-Exposed Individuals to HIV-1 Infection

1996 • 3,106 citations

Structure of an HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein in complex with the CD4 receptor and a neutralizing human antibody

1998 • 2,929 citations

Identification of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β as the Major HIV-Suppressive Factors Produced by CD8 ⁺ T Cells

1995 • 2,890 citations

CC CKR5: A RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β Receptor as a Fusion Cofactor for Macrophage-Tropic HIV-1

1996 • 2,735 citations

Receptor Binding and Membrane Fusion in Virus Entry: The Influenza Hemagglutinin

2000 • 2,603 citations

Function of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in haematopoiesis and in cerebellar development

1998 • 2,496 citations

Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 Å resolution

1981 • 2,490 citations

Crystal structure of a SNARE complex involved in synaptic exocytosis at 2.4 Å resolution

1998 • 2,377 citations

CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS AS HIV-1 CORECEPTORS: Roles in Viral Entry, Tropism, and Disease

1999 • 2,174 citations

The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1 is a ligand for LESTR/fusin and blocks HIV-1 entry

1996 • 1,973 citations

Core Structure of gp41 from the HIV Envelope Glycoprotein

1997 • 1,904 citations

The CXC chemokine SDF-1 is the ligand for LESTR/fusin and prevents infection by T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1

1996 • 1,678 citations

Atomic structure of the ectodomain from HIV-1 gp41

1997 • 1,610 citations

The HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins: Fusogens, Antigens, and Immunogens

1998 • 1,595 citations

Structure of influenza haemagglutinin at the pH of membrane fusion

1994 • 1,546 citations

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is essential for vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract

1998 • 1,535 citations

The envelope glycoprotein from tick-borne encephalitis virus at 2 Å resolution

1995 • 1,417 citations

THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE HEMAGGLUTININ MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

1987 • 1,391 citations

The HIV-1 rev trans-activator acts through a structured target sequence to activate nuclear export of unspliced viral mRNA

1989 • 1,280 citations

HIV Entry and Its Inhibition

1998 • 1,270 citations

Membrane Fusion and Exocytosis

1999 • 1,252 citations

Protection of macaques against vaginal transmission of a pathogenic HIV-1/SIV chimeric virus by passive infusion of neutralizing antibodies

2000 • 1,247 citations

The antigenic structure of the HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein

1998 • 1,206 citations

CD4-induced interaction of primary HIV-1 gp120 glycoproteins with the chemokine receptor CCR-5

1996 • 1,181 citations

Efficient Neutralization of Primary Isolates of HIV-1 by a Recombinant Human Monoclonal Antibody

1994 • 1,106 citations

CD4-dependent, antibody-sensitive interactions between HIV-1 and its co-receptor CCR-5

1996 • 1,058 citations

Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in 1998

1998 • 1,035 citations

Potent suppression of HIV-1 replication in humans by T-20, a peptide inhibitor of gp41-mediated virus entry

1998 • 990 citations

Peptides corresponding to a predictive alpha-helical domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 are potent inhibitors of virus infection.

1994 • 920 citations

Human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies of the IgG1 subtype protect against mucosal simian–human immunodeficiency virus infection

2000 • 861 citations

A spring-loaded mechanism for the conformational change of influenza hemagglutinin

1993 • 854 citations

A small-molecule, nonpeptide CCR5 antagonist with highly potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity

1999 • 752 citations

Solution structure and basis for functional activity of stromal cell-derived factor-1; dissociation of CXCR4 activation from binding and inhibition of HIV-1

1997 • 724 citations

Changes in the conformation of influenza virus hemagglutinin at the pH optimum of virus-mediated membrane fusion.

1982 • 722 citations

A trimeric structural domain of the HIV-1 transmembrane glycoprotein

1995 • 699 citations

Characterization of conserved human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 neutralization epitopes exposed upon gp120-CD4 binding

1993 • 636 citations

Potent Inhibition of HIV-1 Infectivity in Macrophages and Lymphocytes by a Novel CCR5 Antagonist

1997 • 622 citations

Conformational changes induced in the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein by soluble CD4 binding.

1991 • 598 citations

Dissociation of gp120 from HIV-1 Virions Induced by Soluble CD4

1990 • 598 citations

Discovery of cyanovirin-N, a novel human immunodeficiency virus-inactivating protein that binds viral surface envelope glycoprotein gp120: potential applications to microbicide development

1997 • 593 citations

A role for carbohydrates in immune evasion in AIDS

1998 • 562 citations

VIRUS-CELL AND CELL-CELL FUSION

1996 • 559 citations

Inhibition of T-tropic HIV Strains by Selective Antagonization of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4

1997 • 556 citations

soluble form of CD4 (T4) protein inhibits AIDS virus infection

1988 • 530 citations

A Recombinant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Complex Stabilized by an Intermolecular Disulfide Bond between the gp120 and gp41 Subunits Is an Antigenic Mimic of the Trimeric Virion-Associated Structure

2000 • 525 citations

Atomic structure of a thermostable subdomain of HIV-1 gp41

1997 • 521 citations

The synaptic SNARE complex is a parallel four-stranded helical bundle

1998 • 497 citations

Capture of an early fusion-active conformation of HIV-1 gp41

1998 • 490 citations

Structure of the Hemagglutinin Precursor Cleavage Site, a Determinant of Influenza Pathogenicity and the Origin of the Labile Conformation

1998 • 486 citations

Lipid-anchored influenza hemagglutinin promotes hemifusion, not complete fusion

1994 • 485 citations

Cross-clade neutralization of primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by human monoclonal antibodies and tetrameric CD4-IgG

1995 • 483 citations

A synthetic peptide inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus replication: correlation between solution structure and viral inhibition.

1992 • 482 citations

Evidence that a prominent cavity in the coiled coil of HIV type 1 gp41 is an attractive drug target

1998 • 471 citations

Recognition properties of a panel of human recombinant Fab fragments to the CD4 binding site of gp120 that show differing abilities to neutralize human immunodeficiency virus type 1

1994 • 457 citations

Structural biology of HIV 1 1Edited by P. E. Wright

1999 • 452 citations

Inhibiting HIV-1 Entry

1999 • 433 citations

Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Resistance to gp41-Derived Inhibitory Peptides

1998 • 422 citations

Assembly of influenza hemagglutinin trimers and its role in intracellular transport.

1986 • 413 citations

Coiled Coils in Both Intracellular Vesicle and Viral Membrane Fusion

1998 • 412 citations

Three-dimensional solution structure of the 44kDa ectodomain of SIV gp41

1998 • 405 citations

Soluble CD4 molecules neutralize human immunodeficiency virus type 1

1988 • 403 citations

Transmission of antiretroviral-drug-resistant HIV-1 variants

1999 • 401 citations

Influenza hemagglutinin is spring-loaded by a metastable native conformation

1997 • 395 citations

Crystal Structure of the Ebola Virus Membrane Fusion Subunit, GP2, from the Envelope Glycoprotein Ectodomain

1998 • 387 citations

Protein Design of an HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor

2001 • 387 citations

Sequence-specific RNA binding by the HIV-1 Rev protein

1989 • 384 citations

Structural Basis for Paramyxovirus-Mediated Membrane Fusion

1999 • 378 citations

Structural basis for membrane fusion by enveloped viruses

1999 • 377 citations

A General Model for the Transmembrane Proteins of HIV and Other Retroviruses

1989 • 375 citations

The Pathway of Membrane Fusion Catalyzed by Influenza Hemagglutinin: Restriction of Lipids, Hemifusion, and Lipidic Fusion Pore Formation

1998 • 359 citations

A Broadly Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody against gp41 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

1994 • 344 citations

Membrane fusion mediated by the influenza virus hemagglutinin requires the concerted action of at least three hemagglutinin trimers.

1996 • 341 citations

Membrane fusion activity of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. The low pH-induced conformational change.

1985 • 341 citations

Identification of <scp>d</scp> -Peptide Ligands Through Mirror-Image Phage Display

1996 • 332 citations

Peptides from conserved regions of paramyxovirus fusion (F) proteins are potent inhibitors of viral fusion.

1996 • 327 citations

Conformational changes induced in the envelope glycoproteins of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses by soluble receptor binding

1993 • 320 citations

Retrovirus envelope domain at 1.7 Å resolution

1996 • 315 citations

Chemokine Receptors: Keys to AIDS Pathogenesis?

1998 • 310 citations

Antibody cross-competition analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein

1996 • 307 citations

Heptad Repeat Sequences are Located Adjacent to Hydrophobic Regions in Several Types of Virus Fusion Glycoproteins

1990 • 302 citations

CD4-Induced Conformational Changes in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Glycoprotein: Consequences for Virus Entry and Neutralization

1998 • 292 citations

Virions of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates resistant to soluble CD4 (sCD4) neutralization differ in sCD4 binding and glycoprotein gp120 retention from sCD4-sensitive isolates

1992 • 287 citations

N- and C-terminal residues combine in the fusion-pH influenza hemagglutinin HA ₂ subunit to form an N cap that terminates the triple-stranded coiled coil

1999 • 284 citations

Membrane fusion activity of influenza virus.

1982 • 282 citations

Structural characterization of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein core

2000 • 282 citations

Dilation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus–1 Envelope Glycoprotein Fusion Pore Revealed by the Inhibitory Action of a Synthetic Peptide from gp41

1998 • 278 citations

Progress in the Development of an HIV-1 Vaccine

1998 • 262 citations

Core structure of the envelope glycoprotein GP2 from Ebola virus at 1.9-Å resolution

1999 • 261 citations

Activation of influenza virus by acidic media causes hemolysis and fusion of erythrocytes

1980 • 249 citations

The V3 Loops of the HIV-1 and HTV-2 Surface Glycoproteins Contain Proteolytic Cleavage Sites: A Possible Function in Viral Fusion?

1991 • 244 citations

Expression and Characterization of CD4-IgG₂, a Novel Heterotetramer That Neutralizes Primary HIV Type 1 Isolates

1995 • 231 citations

Effects of amino acid changes in the extracellular domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 envelope glycoprotein

1993 • 225 citations

Crystal structure of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 gp21 ectodomain crystallized as a maltose-binding protein chimera reveals structural evolution of retroviral transmembrane proteins

1999 • 212 citations

An Early Stage of Membrane Fusion Mediated by the Low pH Conformation of Influenza Hemagglutinin Depends upon Membrane Lipids

1997 • 210 citations

A vaccine for HIV type 1: The antibody perspective

1997 • 210 citations

What studies of fusion peptides tell us about viral envelope glycoprotein-mediated membrane fusion (Review)

1997 • 209 citations

Evidence for a coiled-coil structure in the spike proteins of coronaviruses

1987 • 205 citations

Multiple Antiviral Activities of Cyanovirin-N: Blocking of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Interaction with CD4 and Coreceptor and Inhibition of Diverse Enveloped Viruses

2000 • 201 citations

Improved Elicitation of Neutralizing Antibodies against Primary Human Immunodeficiency Viruses by Soluble Stabilized Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers

2001 • 200 citations

Hydrophobie Binding of the Ectodomain of Influenza Hemagglutinin to Membranes Occurs through the “Fusion Peptide”

1989 • 200 citations

Propensity for a leucine zipper-like domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 to form oligomers correlates with a role in virus-induced fusion rather than assembly of the glycoprotein complex.

1994 • 197 citations

Mutations in the leucine zipper of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein affect fusion and infectivity

1992 • 192 citations

Crystal structure of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gp41 core: Conserved helical interactions underlie the broad inhibitory activity of gp41 peptides

1998 • 189 citations

The HA2 subunit of influenza hemagglutinin inserts into the target membrane prior to fusion.

1991 • 186 citations

Highly Potent RANTES Analogues either Prevent CCR5-Using Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection In Vivo or Rapidly Select for CXCR4-Using Variants

1999 • 185 citations

Conformational Changes in Cell Surface HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Are Triggered by Cooperation between Cell Surface CD4 and Co-receptors

1998 • 178 citations

Interaction of influenza virus hemagglutinin with target membrane lipids is a key step in virus-induced hemolysis and fusion at pH 5.2.

1981 • 173 citations

A molecular clasp in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 TM protein determines the anti-HIV activity of gp41 derivatives: implication for viral fusion

1995 • 168 citations

A Core Trimer of the Paramyxovirus Fusion Protein: Parallels to Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin and HIV-1 gp41

1998 • 168 citations

New targets for inhibitors of HIV-1 replication

2000 • 168 citations

Analyses of the Antigenicity of Influenza Haemagglutinin at the pH Optimum for Virus-mediated Membrane Fusion

1983 • 164 citations

A synthetic peptide corresponding to a conserved heptad repeat domain is a potent inhibitor of Sendai virus-cell fusion: an emerging similarity with functional domains of other viruses.

1995 • 163 citations

Stalk mechanism of vesicle fusion

1989 • 159 citations

Conformational changes in the hemagglutinin of influenza virus which accompany heat-induced fusion of virus with liposomes

1986 • 158 citations

Single‐Dose Safety, Pharmacology, and Antiviral Activity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Entry Inhibitor PRO 542 in HIV‐Infected Adults

2000 • 154 citations

Inner but Not Outer Membrane Leaflets Control the Transition from Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Influenza Hemagglutinin-induced Hemifusion to Full Fusion

1997 • 153 citations

A soluble domain of the membrane-anchoring chain of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA2) folds in Escherichia coli into the low-pH-induced conformation.

1995 • 153 citations

Rational engineering of a miniprotein that reproduces the core of the CD4 site interacting with HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein

1999 • 153 citations

LearnCoil-VMF: computational evidence for coiled-coil-like motifs in many viral membrane-fusion proteins

1999 • 149 citations

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)gagDNA-Vaccinated Rhesus Monkeys Develop Secondary Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses and Control Viral Replication after Pathogenic SIV Infection

2000 • 148 citations

A Trimeric Structural Subdomain of the HIV-1 Transmembrane Glycoprotein

1997 • 147 citations

Naphthalene sulfonate polymers with CD4-blocking and anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activities

1996 • 146 citations

Electron microscopy of the low pH structure of influenza virus haemagglutinin.

1986 • 137 citations

Trimeric Subdomain of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein

1995 • 137 citations

Sequential CD4-Coreceptor Interactions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Env Function: Soluble CD4 Activates Env for Coreceptor-Dependent Fusion and Reveals Blocking Activities of Antibodies against Cryptic Conserved Epitopes on gp120

2000 • 133 citations

Effects of low pH on influenza virus. Activation and inactivation of the membrane fusion capacity of the hemagglutinin.

1987 • 133 citations

Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Activation by Soluble CD4 and Monoclonal Antibodies

1998 • 132 citations

Enveloped viruses: A common mode of membrane fusion?

1997 • 128 citations

Peptides Corresponding to the Heptad Repeat Sequence of Human Parainfluenza Virus Fusion Protein Are Potent Inhibitors of Virus Infection

1996 • 125 citations

Low-pH induced conformational changes in viral fusion proteins: implications for the fusion mechanism

1995 • 123 citations

Dissociation of the signalling and antiviral properties of SDF-1-derived small peptides

1998 • 123 citations

Electron microscopy of antibody complexes of influenza virus haemagglutinin in the fusion pH conformation.

1995 • 122 citations

Initial stages of influenza hemagglutinin-induced cell fusion monitored simultaneously by two fluorescent events: cytoplasmic continuity and lipid mixing.

1989 • 119 citations

Use of a gp120 Binding Assay To Dissect the Requirements and Kinetics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Fusion Events

1999 • 118 citations

Peptides and Membrane Fusion: Towards an Understanding of the Molecular Mechanism of Protein-Induced Fusion

1999 • 117 citations

Membrane Fusion Mediated by Coiled Coils: A Hypothesis

2000 • 115 citations

Expression and Characterization of a Single-Chain Polypeptide Analogue of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120-CD4 Receptor Complex

2000 • 115 citations

Variable-Loop-Deleted Variants of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Can Be Stabilized by an Intermolecular Disulfide Bond between the gp120 and gp41 Subunits

2000 • 113 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Inhibitors

1997 • 110 citations

Structural Features of Membrane Fusion between Influenza Virus and Liposome as Revealed by Quick-Freezing Electron Microscopy

1997 • 108 citations

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Glycoprotein gp120 as the Primary Target for the Antiviral Action of AR177 (Zintevir)

1998 • 108 citations

The first milliseconds of the pore formed by a fusogenic viral envelope protein during membrane fusion.

1991 • 107 citations

Monoclonal anti-hemagglutinin antibodies detect irreversible antigenic alterations that coincide with the acid activation of influenza virus A/PR/834-mediated hemolysis

1983 • 107 citations

Mutational analysis of the leucine zipper-like motif of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope transmembrane glycoprotein

1993 • 106 citations

T30177, an oligonucleotide stabilized by an intramolecular guanosine octet, is a potent inhibitor of laboratory strains and clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

1995 • 105 citations

Crystal structure of GCN4-pIQI, a trimeric coiled coil with buried polar residues

1998 • 100 citations

Changes in the antigenicity of the hemagglutinin moleculeof H3 influenza virus at acidic pH

1983 • 97 citations

Mutational Analysis of Residues in the Coiled-Coil Domain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmembrane Protein gp41

1998 • 96 citations

Current Evidence and Future Directions for Targeting HIV Entry

2000 • 95 citations

Conformation of membrane fusion-active 20-residue peptides with or without lipid bilayers. Implication of .alpha.-helix formation for membrane fusion

1990 • 94 citations

Conformational Changes of gp120 in Epitopes near the CCR5 Binding Site Are Induced by CD4 and a CD4 Miniprotein Mimetic

1999 • 91 citations

Specific Single or Double Proline Substitutions in the “Spring-loaded” Coiled-Coil Region of the Influenza Hemagglutinin Impair or Abolish Membrane Fusion Activity

1998 • 90 citations

Inhibition of measles virus infection and fusion with peptides corresponding to the leucine zipper region of the fusion protein.

1997 • 82 citations

Interaction of Peptides with Sequences from the Newcastle Disease Virus Fusion Protein Heptad Repeat Regions

1999 • 79 citations

Analysis of a Peptide Inhibitor of Paramyxovirus (NDV) Fusion Using Biological Assays, NMR, and Molecular Modeling

1997 • 79 citations

HIV-1 entry – an expanding portal for drug discovery

2000 • 77 citations

Structural intermediates in influenza haemagglutinin-mediated fusion

1999 • 70 citations

Membrane Fusion: The Influenza Paradigm

1995 • 70 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein oligomerization requires the gp41 amphipathic alpha-helical/leucine zipper-like sequence

1997 • 70 citations

The structure of a membrane fusion mutant of the influenza virus haemagglutinin.

1990 • 70 citations

Effects of Spontaneous Bilayer Curvature on Influenza Virus–mediated Fusion Pores

1998 • 69 citations

How an Animal Virus Gets into and out of its Host Cell

1982 • 68 citations

Rabies virus-induced membrane fusion

1999 • 64 citations

The Topical Microbicide PRO 2000 Protects against Genital Herpes Infection in a Mouse Model

1999 • 63 citations

Membrane Fusion by Influenza Hemagglutinin

1995 • 62 citations

Synergistic Neutralization of a Chimeric SIV/HIV Type 1 Virus with Combinations of Human Anti-HIV Type 1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies or Hyperimmune Globulins

1997 • 57 citations

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Analysis of sCD4 Binding to HIV-1 Virions and of gp120 Dissociation

1992 • 57 citations

Functional role of the zipper motif region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmembrane protein gp41

1994 • 56 citations

Development of HIV Entry Inhibitors Targeted to the Coiled-Coil Regions of gp41

2000 • 51 citations

Small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 cell fusion blocks chemokine receptor-mediated function

1998 • 48 citations

Toward an HIV Type 1 Vaccine that Generates Potent, Broadly Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies

1999 • 46 citations

Influenza hemagglutinin-mediated fusion pores connecting cells to planar membranes: flickering to final expansion.

1993 • 45 citations

Relative resistance of primary HIV-1 isolates to neutralization by soluble CD4

1991 • 41 citations

Hemifusion between Cells Expressing Hemagglutinin of Influenza Virus and Planar Membranes Can Precede the Formation of Fusion Pores that Subsequently Fully Enlarge

1999 • 41 citations

FP-21399 blocks HIV envelope protein-mediated membrane fusion and concentrates in lymph nodes

1997 • 41 citations

pH-dependent binding of the fluorophore bis-ANS to influenza virus reflects the conformational change of hemagglutinin

1994 • 38 citations

HIV gp120: double lock strategy foils host defences

1998 • 38 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors

1997 • 33 citations

The influenza virus hemagglutinin: a model protein in the study of membrane fusion

1998 • 32 citations

Role Of Chemokine Receptors In Hiv-1 Infection And Pathogenesis

1999 • 28 citations

AIDS and HIV vaccines

1999 • 27 citations

Membrane rearrangements in fusion mediated by viral proteins

1997 • 26 citations

The Bis-Azo Compound FP-21399 Inhibits HIV-1 Replication by Preventing Viral Entry

1998 • 24 citations

[5] Protein conformational changes in virus-cell fusion

1993 • 15 citations

Adverse Effects

1992 • 13 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations