Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Physiological Roles of the Iodothyronine Selenodeiodinases

THE UBIQUITIN SYSTEM

1998 • 8,360 citations

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE 20S AND 26S PROTEASOMES

1996 • 2,408 citations

The Thyroid Gland.

1965 • 1,816 citations

Dickkopf-1 is a member of a new family of secreted proteins and functions in head induction

1998 • 1,587 citations

Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese

1997 • 1,334 citations

Mechanisms of Memory

1986 • 1,252 citations

Type I iodothyronine deiodinase is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme

1991 • 884 citations

Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Thyroxine in Congenital Hypothyroidism Due to a Total Organification Defect or Thyroid Agenesis

1989 • 783 citations

The Mechanism of Action of Thyroid Hormones

2000 • 719 citations

Maternal and Fetal Thyroid Function

1994 • 687 citations

The role of thyroid hormones in prenatal and neonatal neurological development--current perspectives

1993 • 661 citations

Recognition of UGA as a selenocysteine codon in Type I deiodinase requires sequences in the 3′ untranslated region

1991 • 642 citations

The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human.

1972 • 590 citations

Relationships between Circulating and Intracellular Thyroid Hormones: Physiological and Clinical Implications*

1981 • 549 citations

Smolt Transformation: Evolution, Behavior, and Physiology

1976 • 546 citations

The Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action

1994 • 541 citations

Spatial and temporal expression of alpha- and beta-thyroid hormone receptor mRNAs, including the beta 2-subtype, in the developing mammalian nervous system

1992 • 536 citations

Severe Hypothyroidism Caused by Type 3 Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Infantile Hemangiomas

2000 • 523 citations

Thyroid Hormone Action at the Cellular Level

1979 • 502 citations

Leptin Prevents Fasting-Induced Suppression of Prothyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Neurons of the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus*

1997 • 488 citations

Conversion of Thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in athyreotic human subjects

1970 • 475 citations

Dangerous Dogmas in Medicine: The Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome

1999 • 471 citations

The Effects of Amiodarone on the Thyroid*

2001 • 470 citations

Thyroid Hormone Treatment after Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery

1995 • 460 citations

The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is essential for adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue

2001 • 442 citations

Gene for a novel tRNA species that accepts L-serine and cotranslationally inserts selenocysteine

1988 • 434 citations

Knowing when not to stop: selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes

1996 • 433 citations

Feeding Experiments on tadpoles

1912 • 430 citations

Functional characterization of the eukaryotic SECIS elements which direct selenocysteine insertion at UGA codons.

1993 • 429 citations

The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is essential for adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue

2001 • 426 citations

Identification of type I iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase as a selenoenzyme

1990 • 407 citations

Brown‐Adipose‐Tissue Mitochondria: Photoaffinity Labelling of the Regulatory Site of Energy Dissipation

1978 • 400 citations

Amiodarone pharmacokinetics

1983 • 397 citations

Adrenergic activation of triiodothyronine production in brown adipose tissue

1983 • 395 citations

Cloning of the mammalian type II iodothyronine deiodinase. A selenoprotein differentially expressed and regulated in human and rat brain and other tissues.

1996 • 391 citations

A novel RNA binding protein, SBP2, is required for the translation of mammalian selenoprotein mRNAs

2000 • 381 citations

Thyroid Hormone Control of Thermogenesis and Energy Balance

1995 • 376 citations

Plasma Membrane Transport of Thyroid Hormones and Its Role in Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Bioavailability

2001 • 373 citations

Targeted Disruption of the Type 2 Selenodeiodinase Gene (DIO2) Results in a Phenotype of Pituitary Resistance to T₄

2001 • 357 citations

Thyroxine Therapy in Patients with Severe Nonthyroidal Illnesses and Low Serum Thyroxine Concentration*

1986 • 355 citations

The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is expressed primarily in glial cells in the neonatal rat brain

1997 • 352 citations

The sick euthyroid syndrome: changes in thyroid hormone serum parameters and hormone metabolism

1993 • 352 citations

Thyroid-Pituitary Interaction

1982 • 351 citations

Intracellular conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine is required for the optimal thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue.

1987 • 345 citations

The Deiodinase Family of Selenoproteins

1997 • 344 citations

An Analysis of the Sources and Quantity of 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Specifically Bound to Nuclear Receptors in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Cerebellum*

1982 • 338 citations

Local activation and inactivation of thyroid hormones: the deiodinase family

1999 • 337 citations

Thyroid Hormone Regulates TRH Biosynthesis in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Rat Hypothalamus

1987 • 333 citations

Effect of amiodarone on serum triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, thyroxin, and thyrotropin. A drug influencing peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones.

1976 • 309 citations

Decoding apparatus for eukaryotic selenocysteine insertion

2000 • 304 citations

Hypothyroxinemia in Critically III Patients as a Predictor of High Mortality

1981 • 302 citations

Opposite Effects of Dexamethasone on Serum Concentrations of 3, 3′,5′-Triiodothyronine (Reverse T₃) and 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine (T₃)

1975 • 299 citations

Tissue-specific regulation of selenoenzyme gene expression during selenium deficiency in rats

1995 • 290 citations

A Study of Extrathyroidal Conversion of Thyroxine (T₄) to 3,3′,5-Triiodothyronine (T₃) in Vitro*

1977 • 289 citations

Regional Distribution of Type 2 Thyroxine Deiodinase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Rat Hypothalamus and Pituitary and Its Regulation by Thyroid Hormone*

1997 • 288 citations

Characterization of mSelB, a novel mammalian elongation factor for selenoprotein translation

2000 • 288 citations

Replacement therapy for hypothyroidism with thyroxine alone does not ensure euthyroidism in all tissues, as studied in thyroidectomized rats.

1995 • 282 citations

Identification of a selenocysteyl-tRNASer in mammalian cells that recognizes the nonsense codon, UGA

1989 • 281 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor: A Putative Mediator of the Sick Euthyroid Syndrome in Man*

1990 • 276 citations

Identification of a novel translation factor necessary for the incorporation of selenocysteine into protein

1989 • 269 citations

Changes in plasma thyroxine during smoltification of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch

1978 • 269 citations

Congenital Hypothyroidism: Etiologies, Diagnosis, and Management

1999 • 267 citations

Hepatic iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase. The role of selenium

1990 • 259 citations

Euthyroid Sick Syndrome: An Overview

1997 • 259 citations

Molecular biological and biochemical characterization of the human type 2 selenodeiodinase.

1996 • 259 citations

Thyroid hormone–sympathetic interaction and adaptive thermogenesis are thyroid hormone receptor isoform–specific

2001 • 256 citations

The Effect of Starvation on the Concentration and Binding of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine in Serum and on the Response to TRH

1974 • 256 citations

Propylthiouracil inhibits the conversion of l-thyroxine to l-triiodothyronine

1972 • 255 citations

Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy on Thyroid Function of Growth Hormone-Deficient Adults with and without Concomitant Thyroxine-Substituted Central Hypothyroidism*

1989 • 254 citations

Novel Selenoproteins Identified in Silico andin Vivo by Using a Conserved RNA Structural Motif

1999 • 248 citations

Only the combined treatment with thyroxine and triiodothyronine ensures euthyroidism in all tissues of the thyroidectomized rat.

1996 • 245 citations

The Deiodination of the Iodothyronines and of Their Derivatives in Man

1984 • 241 citations

Cardiac effects of long term thyrotropin-suppressive therapy with levothyroxine.

1993 • 239 citations

Resting Energy Expenditure is Sensitive to Small Dose Changes in Patients on Chronic Thyroid Hormone Replacement¹

1997 • 238 citations

The cDNA for rat selenoprotein P contains 10 TGA codons in the open reading frame

1991 • 238 citations

New Mammalian Selenocysteine-containing Proteins Identified with an Algorithm That Searches for Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence Elements

1999 • 236 citations

Kinetic evidence suggesting two mechanisms for iodothyronine 5'-deiodination in rat cerebral cortex.

1982 • 235 citations

Effect of Tri-Iodothyronine Replacement on the Metabolic and Pituitary Responses to Starvation

1979 • 235 citations

Acute release of thyrotropin in the newborn

1969 • 234 citations

Expression Profiles of the Three Iodothyronine Deiodinases, D1, D2, and D3, in the Developing Rat¹

1999 • 233 citations

Detection of thyroid hormones in human embryonic cavities during the first trimester of pregnancy.

1993 • 232 citations

Catalytic properties of an Escherichia coli formate dehydrogenase mutant in which sulfur replaces selenium.

1991 • 231 citations

A novel RNA structural motif in the selenocysteine insertion element of eukaryotic selenoprotein mRNAs.

1996 • 230 citations

Iodine and selenium deficiency associated with cretinism in northern Zaire

1990 • 226 citations

Starvation in the rat. II. Effect of age and obesity on protein sparing and fuel metabolism

1980 • 225 citations

THYROXINE 5′-DEIODINASE ACTIVITY IN BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE

1983 • 216 citations

Cerebral Cortex Responds Rapidly to Thyroid Hormones

1981 • 216 citations

Cloning of a cDNA for the Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase

1995 • 212 citations

Triiodothyronine amplifies norepinephrine stimulation of uncoupling protein gene transcription by a mechanism not requiring protein synthesis.

1988 • 209 citations

Potential of brown adipose tissue type II thyroxine 5'-deiodinase as a local and systemic source of triiodothyronine in rats.

1985 • 206 citations

Contributions of Plasma Triiodothyronine and Local Thyroxine Monodeiodination to Triiodothyronine to Nuclear Triiodothyronine Receptor Saturation in Pituitary, Liver, and Kidney of Hypothyroid Rats

1978 • 205 citations

Regulation of the uncoupling protein gene expression

1997 • 203 citations

Hypermetabolic low triiodothyronine syndrome of burn injury

1982 • 202 citations

The DRIP Complex and SRC-1/p160 Coactivators Share Similar Nuclear Receptor Binding Determinants but Constitute Functionally Distinct Complexes

2000 • 202 citations

Cloning and Expression of a cDNA for a Mammalian Type III Iodothyronine Deiodinase

1995 • 200 citations

Brown adipose tissue in humans

1989 • 200 citations

Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is highly expressed in human thyroid.

1996 • 200 citations

Selenocysteine confers the biochemical properties characteristic of the type I iodothyronine deiodinase

1991 • 200 citations

Selenocysteine synthase from Escherichia coli. Analysis of the reaction sequence.

1991 • 198 citations

Pituitary Nuclear 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine and Thyrotropin Secretion: An Explanation for the Effect of Thyroxine

1977 • 198 citations

Changes of Circulating Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine and Reverse Triiodothyronine After Radiographic Contrast Agents

1976 • 193 citations

The Contribution of Local Tissue Thyroxine Monodeiodination to the Nuclear 3,5,3′- Triiodothyronine in Pituitary, Liver, and Kidney of Euthyroid Rats*

1978 • 190 citations

Type 3 lodothyronine deiodinase: cloning, in vitro expression, and functional analysis of the placental selenoenzyme.

1995 • 190 citations

Propylthiouracil blocks extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine and augments thyrotropin secretion in man.

1975 • 188 citations

Evidence for Two Pathways of Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodination in Rat Pituitary That Differ in Kinetics, Propylthiouracil Sensitivity, and Response to Hypothyroidism

1983 • 187 citations

Regional Expression of the Type 3 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Central Nervous System and Its Regulation by Thyroid Hormone*

1999 • 185 citations

Inhibition of hepatic deiodination of thyroxine is caused by selenium deficiency in rats

1987 • 183 citations

Conserved nucleotide sequences in the open reading frame and 3' untranslated region of selenoprotein P mRNA.

1993 • 182 citations

Escherichia coli genes whose products are involved in selenium metabolism

1988 • 182 citations

In vitro synthesis of selenocysteinyl-tRNA(UCA) from seryl-tRNA(UCA): involvement and characterization of the selD gene product.

1990 • 181 citations

Phenolic and Tyrosyl Ring Deiodination of Iodothyronines in Rat Brain Homogenates

1980 • 181 citations

Resting Energy Expenditure is Sensitive to Small Dose Changes in Patients on Chronic Thyroid Hormone Replacement

1997 • 180 citations

Ontogeny of type I and type III deiodinase activities in embryonic and posthatch chicks: Relationship with changes in plasma triiodothyronine and growth hormone levels

1992 • 179 citations

A thyroid hormone-regulated gene in Xenopus laevis encodes a type III iodothyronine 5-deiodinase.

1994 • 178 citations

Thyroidal and peripheral production of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in humans by multicompartmental analysis

1990 • 178 citations

The Type 2 and Type 3 Iodothyronine Deiodinases Play Important Roles in Coordinating Development in Rana catesbeiana Tadpoles*

1997 • 177 citations

Identification of Thyroid Hormone Transporters

1999 • 177 citations

Expression of Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Hypothyroid Rat Brain Indicates an Important Role of Thyroid Hormone in the Development of Specific Primary Sensory Systems

1999 • 175 citations

Subcellular localization of a rat liver enzyme converting thyroxine into tri-iodothyronine and possible involvement of essential thiol groups

1976 • 175 citations

Association between serum interleukin-6 and serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in nonthyroidal illness.

1993 • 174 citations

The Influence of Fasting, Diabetes, and Several Pharmacological Agents on the Pathways of Thyroxine Metabolism in Rat Liver

1978 • 172 citations

RELATIONSHIP OF ALTERED THYROID HORMONE INDICES TO SURVIVAL IN NONTHYROIDAL ILLNESSES

1982 • 171 citations

Effects of Short Term Glucocorticoid Administration in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Comparison to Sarcoidosis*

1982 • 168 citations

SECIS-SBP2 interactions dictate selenocysteine incorporation efficiency and selenoprotein hierarchy

2000 • 163 citations

Metamorphosis is inhibited in transgenic Xenopus laevis tadpoles that overexpress type III deiodinase

1999 • 162 citations

Thyroid Hormones Inhibit Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase in the Rat Cerebral Cortex by Both Pre- and Posttranslational Mechanisms*

1997 • 161 citations

Regulation of Rat Cerebrocortical and Adenohypophyseal Type II 5′-Deiodinase by Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, and Reverse Triiodothyronine*

1985 • 160 citations

Hyperthyroxinemia with Bradycardia and Normal Thyrotropin Secretion after Chronic Amiodarone Administration*

1981 • 160 citations

Nutritional and Hormonal Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Deiodinases

1995 • 160 citations

Prevalence of abnormal thyroid function test results in patients with acute medical illnesses

1982 • 160 citations

Ancient Ciphers: Translation in Archaea

1997 • 159 citations

Asymmetric Growth and Development of the Xenopus laevis Retina during Metamorphosis Is Controlled by Type III Deiodinase

1999 • 157 citations

Purification, Redox Sensitivity, and RNA Binding Properties of SECIS-binding Protein 2, a Protein Involved in Selenoprotein Biosynthesis

1999 • 152 citations

Inhibition of intrapituitary thyroxine to 3.5.3'-triiodothyronine conversion prevents the acute suppression of thyrotropin release by thyroxine in hypothyroid rats.

1979 • 150 citations

Thyroxine 5′-Deiodinase Activity of Rat Kidney: Observations on Activation by Thiols and Inhibition by Propylthiouracil*

1978 • 150 citations

Selective Proteolysis of Human Type 2 Deiodinase: A Novel Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Mediated Mechanism for Regulation of Hormone Activation

2000 • 150 citations

Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine in Hyperthyroidism COMPARISON OF THE ACUTE CHANGES DURING THERAPY WITH ANTITHYROID AGENTS

1974 • 150 citations

Pregnant rat uterus expresses high levels of the type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase

1999 • 150 citations

Ontogeny of Iodothyronine Deiodinases in Human Liver1

1998 • 147 citations

Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase expression in the cochlea before the onset of hearing

2000 • 146 citations

Serine incorporation into the selenocysteine moiety of glutathione peroxidase.

1987 • 146 citations

A Novel Retinoid X Receptor-Independent Thyroid Hormone Response Element Is Present in the Human Type 1 Deiodinase Gene

1995 • 145 citations

INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN THYROXIN AND ADRENALIN IN THE REGULATION OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN THE ALBINO RAT1

1956 • 145 citations

Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine in the Serum and Thyroid Glands of Iodine-Deficient Rats

1973 • 145 citations

Evidence for Two Tissue-specific Pathways for In Vivo Thyroxine 5′-Deiodination in the Rat

1982 • 143 citations

Human Placenta Is an Active Site of Thyroxine and 3,3',5-Triiodothyronine Tyrosyl Ring Deiodination*

1981 • 142 citations

Two distinct SECIS structures capable of directing selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes

1999 • 141 citations

Type II and type III deiodinase activity in human placenta as a function of gestational age.

1996 • 140 citations

Cardiovascular effects of intravenous triiodothyronine in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial. Duke T3 study group

1996 • 140 citations

Retinoic Acid Redifferentiation Therapy for Thyroid Cancer

2000 • 139 citations

EFFECT OF SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION IN HYPOTHYROID SUBJECTS OF AN IODINE AND SELENIUM DEFICIENT AREA : THE POSSIBLE DANGER OF INDISCRIMINATE SUPPLEMENTATION OF IODINE-DEFICIENT SUBJECTS WITH SELENIUM.

1991 • 139 citations

Reduction in extrathyroidal triiodothyronine production by propylthiouracil in man.

1975 • 138 citations

Effect of starvation, nutriment replacement, and hypothyroidism on in vitro hepatic T4 to T3 conversion in the rat

1978 • 138 citations

The thyroid gland is a major source of circulating T3 in the rat.

1993 • 137 citations

Fetal Thyroid Function

1992 • 137 citations

Rapid Thyroxine to 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Conversion and Nuclear 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Binding in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Cerebellum

1980 • 132 citations

Concentrations of Thyroxine and 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine at 34 Different Sites in Euthyroid Rats as Determined by an Isotopic Equilibrium Technique

1985 • 130 citations

Serum Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine in the Neonate and the Acute Increases in These Hormones Following Delivery

1973 • 128 citations

Stereospecific transport of triiodothyronine from plasma to cytosol and from cytosol to nucleus in rat liver, kidney, brain, and heart.

1985 • 128 citations

Cardiovascular Effects of Intravenous Triiodothyronine in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

1996 • 127 citations

Effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone metabolism in an iodine and selenium deficient population

1992 • 127 citations

Inhibition of type I and type II iodothyronine deiodinase activity in rat liver, kidney and brain produced by selenium deficiency

1989 • 127 citations

Maturational Patterns of Iodothyronine Phenolic and Tyrosyl Ring Deiodinase Activities in Rat Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Hypothalamus

1981 • 126 citations

Conversion of thyroxine into tri-iodothyronine by rat liver homogenate

1975 • 125 citations

Thyroid Hormone Regulates Type I Deiodinase Messenger RNA in Rat Liver

1990 • 123 citations

Thyroid Hormone Activation in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

2001 • 123 citations

The Expression Pattern of Thyroid Hormone Response Genes in Remodeling Tadpole Tissues Defines Distinct Growth and Resorption Gene Expression Programs

1998 • 121 citations

Estimation of thyroxine and triiodothyronine distribution and of the conversion rate of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in man.

1975 • 120 citations

Biosynthesis of selenoproteins — an overview

2000 • 120 citations

Comparison of Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase and Other Thyroid-Hormone-dependent Enzyme Activities in the Cerebral Cortex of Hypothyroid Neonatal Rat

1982 • 119 citations

Retinoids stimulate type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity in human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell lines.

1994 • 118 citations

Effect of Acute Exposure to Cold on the Activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid System

1975 • 118 citations

Iodothyronine Metabolism in Liver and Kidney Homogenates from Hyperthyroid and Hypothyroid Rats*

1978 • 116 citations

EFFECT OF SINGLE DOSE DEXAMETHASONE ON THE CONCENTRATION OF SERUM TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN MAN

1974 • 114 citations

Effects of Selenium Deficiency on Tissue Selenium Content, Deiodinase Activity, and Thyroid Hormone Economy in the Rat during Development*

2000 • 114 citations

Qualitative and quantitative differences in the pathways of extrathyroidal triiodothyronine generation between euthyroid and hypothyroid rats.

1984 • 114 citations

Peripheral tissue mechanism for maintenance of serum triiodothyronine values in a thyroxine-deficient state in man.

1984 • 113 citations

Acute Posttranscriptional Regulation of Cerebrocortical and Pituitary Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinases by Thyroid Hormone^*

1984 • 113 citations

Distinct Subcellular Localization of Transiently Expressed Types 1 and 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinases as Determined by Immunofluorescence Confocal Microscopy

2000 • 113 citations

Selenium deficiency as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of myxoedematous endemic cretinism

1987 • 113 citations

The effects of drugs on the distribution and metabolism of thyroid hormones.

1981 • 111 citations

Sulfhydryl Groups and the Monodeiodination of Thyroxine to Triiodothyronine

1978 • 111 citations

Cloning and in vitro expression of the human selenoprotein, type I iodothyronine deiodinase.

1992 • 111 citations

Interaction of Gold(I) with the Active Site of Selenium-Glutathione Peroxidase

1984 • 111 citations

Characterization of the 5′-Flanking and 5′-Untranslated Regions of the Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate-Responsive Human Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Gene1

2000 • 111 citations

The Effects of Amiodarone on Serum Thyroid Hormones and Hepatic Thyroxine 5′-Monodeiodination in Rats*

1983 • 110 citations

Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in rat pituitary tumor cells is inactivated in proteasomes.

1998 • 110 citations

Optimal response of key enzymes and uncoupling protein to cold in BAT depends on local T3 generation

1987 • 110 citations

Comparison of the Biological Effects of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine in the Rat*

1977 • 109 citations

Production rates and turnover of triiodothyronine in rat-developing cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Responses to hypothyroidism.

1984 • 109 citations

The Role of Selenium in Thyroid Hormone Action*

1992 • 108 citations

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is dependent upon feedback regulation by both triiodothyronine and thyroxine.

1992 • 108 citations

A potential role of activated NF-κB in the pathogenesis of euthyroid sick syndrome

2000 • 108 citations

Sources and quantity of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in several tissues of the rat.

1983 • 108 citations

Selenocysteine tRNA^[Ser]Sec Gene Is Ubiquitous within the Animal Kingdom

1990 • 107 citations

Topological Analysis of the Integral Membrane Protein, Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase (D1)

1995 • 107 citations

Timing of metamorphosis and the onset of the negative feedback loop between the thyroid gland and the pituitary is controlled by type II iodothyronine deiodinase in Xenopus laevis

2001 • 106 citations

Bites by the Saw-scaled or Carpet Viper (Echis carinatus): Trial of Two Specific Antivenoms

1974 • 105 citations

MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY OF THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS

1998 • 105 citations

Placental Transport of Thyroxine

1964 • 105 citations

Identification and characterisation of the selenocysteine-specific translation factor SelB from the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii 1 1Edited by J. Karn

2000 • 104 citations

Substrate-Induced Down-Regulation of Human Type 2 Deiodinase (hD2) Is Mediated through Proteasomal Degradation and Requires Interaction with the Enzyme’s Active Center¹

2000 • 104 citations

Cold exposure rapidly induces virtual saturation of brown adipose tissue nuclear T3 receptors

1988 • 99 citations

Nuclear 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine (T₃) in Brown Adipose Tissue: Receptor Occupancy and Sources of T₃as Determined byin VivoTechniques*

1987 • 99 citations

The Role of Sulfhydryl Groups on the Impaired Hepatic 3′,3,5-Triiodothyronine Generation from Thyroxine in the Hypothyroid, Starved, Fetal, and Neonatal Rodent

1979 • 98 citations

The Human Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Is a Selenoprotein Highly Expressed in a Mesothelioma Cell Line

2001 • 97 citations

Maternal to fetal thyroxine transmission in the human term placenta is limited by inner ring deiodination.

1996 • 97 citations

Decreased transport of thyroxine (T₄), 3,3′‐5‐triiodothyronine (T₃) and 3,3′,5′‐triiodothyronine (rT₃) into rat hepatocytes in primary culture due to a decrease of cellular ATP content and various drugs

1982 • 97 citations

An essential non-Watson-Crick base pair motif in 3'UTR to mediate selenoprotein translation.

1998 • 96 citations

Regulation of Hepatocyte Thyroxine 5′-Deiodinase by T3 and Nuclear Receptor Coactivators as a Model of the Sick Euthyroid Syndrome

2000 • 95 citations

Structural analysis of new local features in SECIS RNA hairpins

2000 • 94 citations

The regional hypothalamic distribution of type II 5′-monodeiodinase in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats

1987 • 93 citations

Sequence of a cDNA coding for human glutathione peroxidase confirms TGA encodes active site selenocysteine

1987 • 93 citations

Sequential deiodination of thyroxine in rat liver homogenate

1978 • 93 citations

Effects of Selenium and Iodine Deficiency on Type I, Type II and Type III Iodothyronine Deiodinases and Circulating Thyroid Hormones in the Rat

2009 • 93 citations

Qualitative Changes in the Secretion of Thyroid Hormones Induced by Iodine Deficiency

1968 • 93 citations

A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine sulfate: studies in thyroidal and nonthyroidal diseases, pregnancy, and neonatal life.

1992 • 92 citations

Dibutyryl cAMP induction of type II 5′deiodinase activity in rat brain astrocytes in culture

1988 • 92 citations

Characterization of a Propylthiouracil-Insensitive Type I Iodothyronine Deiodinase*

1997 • 91 citations

Distinct Tissue-Specific Roles for Thyroid Hormone Receptors β and α1 in Regulation of Type 1 Deiodinase Expression

2001 • 91 citations

Thyroid hormone and norepinephrine signaling in brown adipose tissue. II: Differential effects of thyroid hormone on beta 3-adrenergic receptors in brown and white adipose tissue.

1995 • 91 citations

Central Role of Brown Adipose Tissue Thyroxine 5′-Deiodinase on Thyroid Hormone-Dependent Thermogenic Response to Cold*

1991 • 89 citations

The Promoter of the Human Type I 5′‐Deiodinase Gene — Mapping of the Transcription Start Site and Identification of a DR+4 Thyroid‐Hormone‐Responsive Element

1997 • 89 citations

Expression of the Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Cultured Rat Astrocytes Is Selenium-dependent

1997 • 89 citations

Acute and Chronic Responses to Iodine Deficiency in Rats¹

1977 • 89 citations

ROLE OF THE THYROID IN METABOLIC RESPONSES TO A COLD ENVIRONMENT

1950 • 89 citations

Pretranslational regulation of type I 5'-deiodinase by thyroid hormones and in fasted and diabetic rats.

1993 • 89 citations

Mechanisms Underlying the Acceleration of Thyroid Hormone-Induced Tadpole Metamorphosis by Corticosterone*

1990 • 88 citations

Sulfation Preceding Deiodination of Iodothyronines in Rat Hepatocytes

1983 • 88 citations

Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Iodine in Purified Thyroglobulin from Patients with Graves' Disease

1977 • 87 citations

Subcellular Distribution of Thyroxine 5′-Deiodinase in the Rat Kidney: A Plasma Membrane Location*

1978 • 87 citations

Phenolic and tyrosyl ring iodothyronine deiodination and thyroid hormone concentrations in the human central nervous system.

1996 • 87 citations

Expression of Chicken Hepatic Type I and Type III Iodothyronine Deiodinases during Embryonic Development¹

1997 • 86 citations

Serum Reverse Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine Kinetics in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure*

1983 • 86 citations

Decreased serum triiodothyronine in starving rats is due primarily to diminished thyroidal secretion of thyroxine.

1985 • 86 citations

Physiological and genetic analyses of inbred mouse strains with a type I iodothyronine 5' deiodinase deficiency.

1993 • 86 citations

Thyroid Hormones and the Central Nervous System

1994 • 86 citations

Effect of Starvation on the Production and Peripheral Metabolism of 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine in Euthyroid Obese Subjects*

1978 • 85 citations

Expression and Regulation of Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Human Thyroid Gland*

2001 • 85 citations

Skin Is an Active Site for the Inner Ring Monodeiodination of Thyroxine to 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine*

1985 • 85 citations

Selenocysteine incorporation in eukaryotes: insights into mechanism and efficiency from sequence, structure, and spacing proximity studies of the type 1 deiodinase SECIS element.

1996 • 85 citations

Mechanisms governing the relative proportions of thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine in thyroid secretion

1984 • 85 citations

Subcellular Alterations Causing Reduced Hepatic Thyroxine-5'-Monodeiodinase Activity in Fasted Rats*

1979 • 84 citations

Effect of long-term amiodarone therapy on thyroid hormone levels and thyroid function

1985 • 84 citations

Thyroid hormones in the elderly sick: "T4 euthyroidism".

1975 • 84 citations

Physiological and Pharmacological Influences on Thyroxine to 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Conversion and Nuclear 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Binding in Rat Anterior Pituitary

1979 • 83 citations

The regulation of fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue by insulin

1982 • 83 citations

Type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase and uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue of human newborns.

1993 • 83 citations

A Study of the Serum Concentration of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Thyroidal and Nonthyroidal Illnesses*

1991 • 82 citations

Conversion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and the subcellular localisation of the converting enzyme

1975 • 82 citations

Purification and biochemical characterization of SELB, a translation factor involved in selenoprotein synthesis.

1990 • 82 citations

The Effects and Interactions of Substrates, Inhibitors, and the Cellular Thiol- Disulfide Balance on the Regulation of Type II Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase*

1988 • 81 citations

Kinetics of enzymic reductive deiodination of iodothyronines. Effect of pH

1979 • 80 citations

Interrelationships among thyroxine, growth hormone, and the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase in rat brown adipose tissue.

1986 • 80 citations

Total and Free Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine in Early Infancy

1974 • 80 citations

Thyroid Hormone Regulates Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel (HCN2) mRNA in the Rat Heart

1999 • 80 citations

Thyroid receptors in the rat brain

1992 • 80 citations

Alterations in 3,3'5'-triiodothyronine metabolism in response to propylthiouracil, dexamethasone, and thyroxine administration in man.

1989 • 79 citations

Expression and Regulation of Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Cultured Human Skeletal Muscle Cells¹

1999 • 78 citations

Rapid and Selective Inner Ring Deiodination of Thyroxine Sulfate by Rat Liver Deiodinase*

1985 • 77 citations

Regional physiological adaptation of the central nervous system deiodinases to iodine deficiency

2001 • 77 citations

Studies of the Hormonal Regulation of Type 2 5′-Iodothyronine Deiodinase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Pituitary Tumor Cells Using Semiquantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction**This work was supported by NIH Grant DK-36256.

1998 • 77 citations

Cloning and Expression of the Chicken Type 2 Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase

1999 • 77 citations

Structural and functional differences in the dio1 gene in mice with inherited type 1 deiodinase deficiency.

1995 • 77 citations

Role of the 3′ untranslated region in the regulation of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene expression by selenium supply

1996 • 76 citations

Activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone by type I iodothyronine deiodinase

1994 • 76 citations

Antagonism of thyroid hormone action by amiodarone in rat pituitary tumor cells.

1989 • 75 citations

Comparison of Sodium Ipodate (Oragrafin) and Propylthiouracil in Early Treatment of Hyperthyroidism*

1982 • 75 citations

Differential gene expression in mesothelioma

2000 • 74 citations

3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine actively stimulates UCP in brown fat under minimal sympathetic activity

1999 • 74 citations

Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and the Source of Plasma Triiodothyronine in 2-Week-Old Rats: Effects of Thyroid Status*

1984 • 74 citations

Anatomical Distribution of Phenolic and Tyrosyl Ring Iodothyronine Deiodinases in the Nervous System of Normal and Hypothyroid Rats*

1981 • 74 citations

The 3′-Untranslated Region of Human Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase mRNA Contains a Functional Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence Element

1998 • 74 citations

Effects of thyroid hormone on norepinephrine signaling in brown adipose tissue. I. Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate generation.

1995 • 74 citations

Human Epidermal Keratinocytes in Culture Convert Thyroxine to 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine by Type II Iodothyronine Deiodination: A Novel Endocrine Function of the Skin*

1988 • 73 citations

Immunocytochemical Localization of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in the Adult Rat Brain

1991 • 73 citations

Type 3 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Is Selectively Expressed in Areas Related to Sexual Differentiation in the Newborn Rat Brain

1999 • 73 citations

Are Selective Increases in Serum Thyroxine (T₄)due to Iodinated Inhibitors of T₄Monodeiodination Indicative of Hyperthyroidism?*

1982 • 72 citations

Selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec gene is ubiquitous within the animal kingdom.

1990 • 72 citations

Evidence that Cysteine, not Selenocysteine, is in the Catalytic Site of Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase

1991 • 72 citations

The actin cytoskeleton mediates the hormonally regulated translocation of type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in astrocytes.

1990 • 71 citations

Effects of caloric deprivation on thyroid hormone tissue uptake and generation of low-T3 syndrome

1986 • 71 citations

Thyroidal Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine in Graves' Disease: Correlation with Presurgical Treatment, Thyroid Status, and Iodine Content

1975 • 71 citations

Subcellular Localization of Thyroxine and Reverse Triiodothyronine Outer Ring Monodeiodinating Activities*

1979 • 71 citations

Evidence that type II 5'-deiodinase is not a selenoprotein

1991 • 70 citations

Growth hormone acutely decreases type III iodothyronine deiodinase in chicken liver

1992 • 70 citations

Hormonal regulation of iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in rat brown adipose tissue

1986 • 70 citations

Characteristics of Iodothyronine Tyrosyl Ring Deiodination by Rat Cerebral Cortical Microsomes*

1983 • 70 citations

Type II Iodothyronine 5'-Deiodination by Human and Rat Placenta in Vitro*

1984 • 70 citations

α₁- and β-Adrenergic Agents Cause Synergistic Stimulation of the Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Rat Brown Adipocytes*

1989 • 69 citations

Iodothyronine Deiodination Reaction Types in Several Rat Tissues: Effects of Age, Thyroid Status, and Glucocorticoid Treatment*

1984 • 69 citations

Effects of proinflammatory cytokines on anterior pituitary 5'-deiodinase type I and type II

2000 • 68 citations

Further Characterization of Thyroid Hormone Response Elements in the Human Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Gene¹

1998 • 65 citations

The Human, but Not Rat, dio2 Gene Is Stimulated by Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1)

2001 • 65 citations

Stimulation of S14 mRNA and lipogenesis in brown fat by hypothyroidism, cold exposure, and cafeteria feeding: evidence supporting a general role for S14 in lipogenesis and lipogenesis in the maintenance of thermogenesis.

1987 • 65 citations

Triiodothyronine Generation from Thyroxine in Human Thyroid: Enhanced Conversion in Graves’ Thyroid Tissue

1981 • 65 citations

A Protein Binds the Selenocysteine Insertion Element in the 3'-UTR of Mammalian Selenoprotein mRNAs

1996 • 64 citations

Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Transgene Expression in the Mouse Heart Causes Cardiac-Specific Thyrotoxicosis¹

2001 • 64 citations

UNIDENTIFIED IODINE COMPOUNDS IN HUMAN PLASMA IN ADDITION TO THYROXINE AND IODIDE

1951 • 63 citations

Corticosterone inhibits uncoupling protein gene expression in brown adipose tissue

1993 • 62 citations

Are Iodine-Deficient Rats Euthyroid*

1982 • 62 citations

Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and thyroid hormone control of uncoupling protein messenger ribonucleic acid in freshly dispersed brown adipocytes.

1992 • 61 citations

Cloning and Expression of a 5′-Iodothyronine Deiodinase from the Liver ofFundulus heteroclitus¹

1997 • 61 citations

Simultaneous Measurement of Free Thyroxine and Free 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine in Undiluted Serum by Direct Equilibrium Dialysis/Radioimmunoassay: Evidence that Free Triiodothyronine and Free Thyroxine are Normal in Many Patients with the Low Triiodothyronine Syndrome

1998 • 60 citations

Expression and Regulation of Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Cultured Human Skeletal Muscle Cells

1999 • 60 citations

Thyroxine Inner Ring Monodeiodinating Activity in Fetal Tissues of the Rat

1988 • 60 citations

Identification of critical amino acids for 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine deiodination by human type 1 deiodinase based on comparative functional-structural analyses of the human, dog, and rat enzymes.

1994 • 60 citations

Transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in uncoupling protein mRNA response to cold

1992 • 60 citations

Selenium deficiency and type II 5'-deiodinase regulation in the euthyroid and hypothyroid rat: evidence of a direct effect of thyroxine.

1992 • 60 citations

Acute pretranslational regulation of type III iodothyronine deiodinase by growth hormone and dexamethasone in chicken embryos

1999 • 59 citations

Induction of 5‐Deiodinase Activity in Astroglial Cells by 12‐O‐Tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐Acetate and Fibroblast Growth Factors

1991 • 58 citations

Effect of iodine deficiency and cold exposure on thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity in various rat tissues

1991 • 58 citations

Different pathways of iodothyronine 5′-deiodination in rat cerebral cortex

1981 • 58 citations

Effects of selenium deficiency on thyroid hormone economy in rats.

1992 • 57 citations

Identification and Molecular Cloning of a Human Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence-binding Protein

1998 • 57 citations

Type-II thyroxine 5′-deiodinase is present in the rat pineal gland

1986 • 57 citations

Induction of type III‐deiodinase activity in astroglial cells by retinoids

1994 • 57 citations

Ontogenesis of Placental Inner Ring Thyroxine Deiodinase and Amniotic Fluid 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine Concentration in the Rat*

1982 • 57 citations

Amiodarone and thyroid hormone metabolism

1986 • 57 citations

RNA-binding Proteins That Specifically Recognize the Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence of Human Cellular Glutathione Peroxidase mRNA

1995 • 56 citations

The Role of Selenocysteine 133 in Catalysis by the Human Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase¹

2000 • 56 citations

Effect of 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine (T3) administration on dio1 gene expression and T3 metabolism in normal and type 1 deiodinase-deficient mice.

1995 • 56 citations

Correlation of serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) with biologic effects of thyroid hormone replacement in propylthiouracil-treated rats

1975 • 56 citations

Identification of essential histidine residues in rat type I iodothyronine deiodinase.

1992 • 56 citations

Thyroid Hormone Deiodination in Brain, Liver, Gill, Heart and Muscle of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) during Photoperiodically-Induced Parr-Smolt Transformation, I. Outer- and Inner-Ring Thyroxine Deiodination

1993 • 56 citations

Induction of type III deiodinase activity in astroglial cells by thyroid hormones.

1992 • 55 citations

Thyroid hormone metabolism in primary cultures of fetal rat brain cells

1985 • 55 citations

Affinity labeling of rat liver and kidney type I 5'-deiodinase. Identification of the 27-kDa substrate binding subunit.

1990 • 54 citations

Direct Measurement of the Contributions of Type I and Type II 5′-Deiodinases to Whole Body Steady State 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Production from Thyroxine in the Rat*

1998 • 54 citations

Tissue-Specific Transgenic Knockdown of Fos-Related Antigen 2 (Fra-2) Expression Mediated by Dominant Negative Fra-2

2001 • 54 citations

Isolation of Human Type 2 Deiodinase Gene Promoter and Characterization of a Functional Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element¹

2000 • 54 citations

Evidence of UCP1-independent regulation of norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in brown fat

2000 • 54 citations

Characterization of Essential Enzyme Sulfhydryl Groups of Thyroxine 5′-Deiodinase from Rat Kidney*

1980 • 54 citations

Monosynaptic Pathway Between the Arcuate Nucleus Expressing Glial Type II Iodothyronine 5′‐Deiodinase mRNA and the Median Eminence‐Projective TRH Cells of the Rat Paraventricular Nucleus

1998 • 53 citations

Regulation of Type 3 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Expression in Cultured Rat Astrocytes: Role of the Erk Cascade¹

1999 • 53 citations

Regulation of Thyroxine 5′-Deiodinase Activity by 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine in Cultured Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells*

1984 • 53 citations

Structure-Activity Relationships for Thyroid Hormone Deiodination by Mammalian Type I Iodothyronine Deiodinases¹

1997 • 53 citations

Cytokines modulate type I iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA levels and enzyme activity in FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells

1994 • 53 citations

Localization of the Type 3 Iodothyronine Deiodinase (DIO3) Gene to Human Chromosome 14q32 and Mouse Chromosome 12F1

1998 • 53 citations

Metabolism of 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine Sulfate by Tissues of the Fetal Rat: A Consideration of the Role of Desulfation of 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine Sulfate as a Source of T3

1992 • 52 citations

Amiodarone Inhibits the Conversion of Thyroxine to Triiodothyronine in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes

1984 • 52 citations

Peripheral Metabolism of Homologous Thyrotropin in Euthyroid and Hypothyroid Rats: Acute Effects of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone, Triiodothyronine, and Thyroxine*

1978 • 52 citations

Rat Brain Type II 5′‐Iodothyronine Deiodinase Activity Is Extremely Sensitive to Stress

1998 • 51 citations

Functionality of mutations at conserved nucleotides in eukaryotic SECIS elements is determined by the identity of a single nonconserved nucleotide.

1998 • 51 citations

Cloning of a 5.8 kb cDNA for a Mouse Type 2 Deiodinase

1999 • 50 citations

Contribution from local conversion of thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine to intracellular 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in several organs in hypothyroid rats at isotope equilibrium

1982 • 50 citations

Thyroxine targets different pathways of internalization of type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in astrocytes.

1993 • 50 citations

The Ontogeny of Iodothyronine Deiodinase Systems in Liver and Intestine of the Rat*

1991 • 49 citations

Combination Drug Therapy for Treatment of Hyperthyroid Grave's Disease

1977 • 49 citations

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine kinetics in cardiac patients taking amiodarone

1986 • 49 citations

Thyroid hormones and 5'-deiodinase in rat brown adipose tissue during fetal life

1989 • 49 citations

Triiodothyronine amplifies the adrenergic stimulation of uncoupling protein expression in rat brown adipocytes

2000 • 49 citations

Induction of the ipsilateral retinothalamic projection in Xenopus laevis by thyroxine

1984 • 48 citations

Inactivation and affinity-labeling of rat liver iodothyronine deiodinase with N-bromoacetyl-3,3′,5-triiodothyronine

1984 • 48 citations

Nucleotide sequence of rat liver iodothyronine 5′-monodeiodinase (5′MD): Its identity with the protein disulfide isomerase

1988 • 48 citations

Localization of type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase to the basolateral plasma membrane in renal cortical epithelial cells

1991 • 48 citations

Location of rat liver iodothyronine deiodinating enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum

1979 • 48 citations

Hepatic hemangioendothelioma associated with production of humoral thyrotropin-like factor

2001 • 48 citations

Variations in the Response of the Thyroid Gland of the Rat to Different Low-Iodine Diets: Correlation with Iodine Content of Diet

1976 • 48 citations

Thyroid hormone deiodinases in purified primary glial cell cultures

1986 • 48 citations

Concentrations of Insulin and Thyroid Hormones in the Serum of Landlocked Sea Lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) of Three Larval Year Classes, in Larvae Exposed to Two Temperature Regimes, and in Individuals during and after Metamorphosis

1994 • 48 citations

The Shift in Visual Pigment Dominance in the Retinae of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch): an Indicator of Smolt Status

1994 • 48 citations

The Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Is Expressed in the Rat Uterus and Induced During Pregnancy*

2001 • 48 citations

Influences of thyroxine on cell proliferation in the retina of the clawed frog at different ages

1979 • 47 citations

Iodothyronine Deiodinase Activities in Fetal Rat Tissues at Several Levels of Iodine Deficiency: A Role for the Skin in 3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Economy?*

1998 • 47 citations

Isolation and Characterization of the Mouse Gene for the Type 3 Iodothyronine Deiodinase¹

1999 • 47 citations

Effects of Dexamethasone on Kinetics and Distribution of Triiodothyronine in the Rat*

1984 • 47 citations

Regulation of rat liver type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA levels by testosterone

1995 • 47 citations

Investigations on Iodothyronine Deiodinase Activity in the Maturing Rat Brain*

1986 • 46 citations

Euthyroid status is essential for the perinatal increase in thermogenin mRNA in brown adipose tissue of rat pups

1987 • 46 citations

Dual mechanisms of regulation of type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in the rat kidney, liver, and thyroid gland. Implications for the treatment of hyperthyroidism with radiographic contrast agents.

1988 • 46 citations

Presence of growth factors-induced type III iodothyronine 5-deiodinase in cultured rat brown adipocytes.

1995 • 45 citations

Identification of Thyroxine-Sulfate (T₄S) in Human Serum and Amniotic Fluid by a Novel T₄S Radioimmunoassay

1992 • 45 citations

Structure and function of the selenium translation element in the 3'-untranslated region of human cellular glutathione peroxidase mRNA.

1995 • 45 citations

Comparison of the physicochemical properties of type I and type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase.

1991 • 45 citations

Thyroxine 5′-Deiodination Mediates Norepinephrine-Induced Lipogenesis in Dispersed Brown Adipocytes*

1998 • 45 citations

Effect of selenium deficiency on type I 5'-deiodinase.

1994 • 45 citations

Development of the ipsilateral retinothalamic projection in the frog Xenopus laevis. III. The role of thyroxine

1985 • 45 citations

Rat liver type I iodothyronine deiodinase is not identical to protein disulfide isomerase

1989 • 44 citations

Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase Activity in the AmphibianRanacatesbeiana at Different Stages of the Life Cycle*

1988 • 44 citations

Development of Compensatory Thermogenesis in Response to Overfeeding in Hypothyroid Rats¹

1999 • 44 citations

Effects of hypothyroidism on brown adipose tissue adenylyl cyclase activity.

1996 • 44 citations

Characterization of the Subunit Structure of the Catalytically Active Type I Iodothyronine Deiodinase

2001 • 43 citations

Control of Peripheral Thyroid Hormone Levels by Activating and Inactivating Deiodinases

1998 • 43 citations

Identification of a 27-kDa Protein with the Properties of Type II Iodothyronine 5‵-Deiodinase in Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP-stimulated Glial Cells

1989 • 43 citations

Blocking of KClO4-Induced Metamorphosis in Premetamorphic Sea Lampreys by Exogenous Thyroid Hormones (TH); Effects of KClO4and TH on Serum TH Concentrations and Intestinal Thyroxine Outer-Ring Deiodination

1998 • 42 citations

Comparison of thyroxine and 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine metabolism in rat kidney and liver homogenates

1979 • 42 citations

Solubilization of a phospholipid-requiring enzyme, iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase, from rat kidney membranes

1981 • 42 citations

Mutation of the Secys residue 266 in human type 2 selenodeiodinase alters 75Se incorporation without affecting its biochemical properties

1999 • 42 citations

Impairment of the selenoenzyme type I iodothyronine deiodinase in C3H/He mice.

1993 • 42 citations

Characteristics of thyroxine 5'-deiodination in cultured human placental cells. Regulation by iodothyronines.

1985 • 42 citations

Protein conservation during prolonged fast: a function of triiodothyronine levels.

1978 • 42 citations

Structure of the Human Type I Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase Gene and Localization to Chromosome 1p32–p33

1997 • 41 citations

Desensitization of the β-Adrenergic Response in Human Brown Adipocytes¹

1998 • 41 citations

Expression and characterization of nonmammalian selenoprotein P in the zebrafish,Danio rerio

2000 • 41 citations

Modification of rat liver iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase activity with diethylpyrocarbonate and Rose Bengal; Evidence for an active site histidine residue

1984 • 40 citations

Isolation of the GDP binding protein from brown adipose tissue mitochondria of several animals and amino acid composition study in rat

1982 • 40 citations

DARPP-32 and CREB are present in type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase-producing tanycytes: implications for the regulation of type 2 deiodinase activity

2000 • 39 citations

Transcriptional Activation of Type III Inner Ring Deiodinase by Growth Factors in Cultured Rat Brown Adipocytes*

1998 • 39 citations

Metabolism of thyroid hormones by cultured monkey hepatocarcinoma cells. Nonphenolic ring dieodination and sulfation.

1977 • 39 citations

Inhibition of 5′-Deiodination of Thyroxine Suppresses the Cold-Induced Increase in Brown Adipose Tissue Messenger Ribonucleic Acid for Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein without Influencing Lipoprotein Lipase Activity*

1990 • 39 citations

Metabolic effect of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in cultured growth hormone-producing rat pituitary tumor cells. Evidence for a unique mechanism of thyroid hormone action.

1985 • 39 citations

Cloning, Expression, and Functional Characterization of the Substrate Binding Subunit of Rat Type II Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase

2000 • 38 citations

The Role of 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine in the Regulation of Type II Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase in the Rat Cerebral Cortex*

1986 • 38 citations

EFFECTS OF THREE-DAY ORAL CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY ON SERUM IODOTHYRONINES AND TSH CONCENTRATIONS: COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS AMONG SOME CHOLECYSTOGRAPHIC AGENTS AND THE EFFECTS OF IOPANOIC ACID ON THE PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS

1979 • 38 citations

Effect of Intraamniotic Fluid Thyroxine Injection on Fetal Serum and Amniotic Fluid Iodothyronine Concentrations*

1978 • 38 citations

Pretranslational Regulation of Rhythmic Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase Expression by β-Adrenergic Mechanism in the Rat Pineal Gland*

1999 • 38 citations

Effects of selenium and iodine deficiency on thyroid hormone concentrations in the central nervous system of the rat

1997 • 37 citations

Selective affinity labeling of a 27-kDa integral membrane protein in rat liver and kidney with N-bromoacetyl derivatives of L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine.

1990 • 37 citations

The Effect of Thyroid Dysfunction and Fasting on Placenta Inner Ring Deiodinase Activity in the Rat*

1988 • 37 citations

Thyroid Hormone Deiodination in Brain, Liver, Gill, Heart and Muscle of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) during Photoperiodically-Induced Parr-Smolt Transformation. II. Outer- and Inner-Ring 3,5,3′-Triiodo-l-Thyronine and 3,3′,5′-Triiodo-l-Thyronine (Reverse T3) Deiodination

1993 • 37 citations

Structure-effect relationships of amiodarone analogues on the inhibition of thyroxine deiodination

2000 • 37 citations

Peripheral autoregulation of thyroxine to triiodothyronine conversion in man.

1984 • 37 citations

Selenium status in infants and children with phenylketonuria and in maternal phenylketonuria

1996 • 36 citations

Sodium selenite therapy and thyroid-hormone status in cystic fibrosis and congenital hypothyroidism

1994 • 36 citations

Hormonal regulation of malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in brown adipose tissue

1993 • 36 citations

Feedback Effectiveness of Periodic Versus Constant Triiodothyronine Replacement*

1980 • 35 citations

Thyroid hormone metabolism in cultured monkey hepatocarcinoma cells. Monodeiodination activity in relation to cell growth.

1980 • 34 citations

Conserved Cysteines in the Type 1 Deiodinase Selenoprotein Are Not Essential for Catalytic Activity

1998 • 34 citations

The development of a radioimmunoassay for reverse triiodothyronine sulfate in human serum and amniotic fluid.

1993 • 34 citations

Iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase activity in rat brown adipose tissue during development

1987 • 34 citations

Thyroxine 5-deiodinase in human brain tumors.

1993 • 34 citations

Solubilization and partial characterization of rat liver iodothyronine deiodinases

1980 • 33 citations

Myosin V Plays an Essential Role in the Thyroid Hormone-dependent Endocytosis of Type II Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase

2000 • 33 citations

Effects of Amiodarone and Desethylamiodarone on Pituitary Deiodinase Activity and Thyrotropin Secretion in the Rat

1986 • 33 citations

Activities of Enzymes Involved in Amino‐Acid Metabolism in Developing Rat Placenta

1980 • 32 citations

Disposal Rates of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine in Iodine-Deficient Rats

1972 • 32 citations

A study of the characteristics of the rat placental iodothyronine 5-monodeiodinase: evidence that it is distinct from the rat hepatic iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodinase.

1992 • 32 citations

Catalytic Activity of Type II Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase Polypeptide Is Dependent upon a Cyclic AMP Activation Factor

1996 • 31 citations

Cerebral Hypothyroidism in Rats with Adult-Onset Iodine Deficiency*

1984 • 31 citations

The Effects of Propylthiouracil, Iodothyronines, and Other Agents on Thyroid Hormone Metabolism in Human Placenta*

1984 • 31 citations

Amiodarone-Induced Elevation of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Patients Receiving Levothyroxine for Primary Hypothyroidism

1990 • 31 citations

Evidence for a single enzyme in rat liver catalysing the deiodination of the tyrosyl and the phenolic ring of iodothyronines

1982 • 31 citations

Pituitary cells respond to thyroid hormone by discrete, gene-specific pathways.

1995 • 31 citations

Sex-Related Differences in Outer Ring Monodeiodination of Thyroxine and 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine by Rat Liver Homogenates*

1979 • 31 citations

Placental iodothyronine deiodinase III and II ratios, mRNA expression compared to enzyme activity

1998 • 30 citations

Subcellular distribution of iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase in cerebral cortex from hypothyroid rats

1982 • 29 citations

Degradation and Recycling of the Substrate-binding Subunit of Type II Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase in Astrocytes

1996 • 29 citations

The Guanosine Monophosphate Reductase Gene Is Conserved in Rats and Its Expression Increases Rapidly in Brown Adipose Tissue during Cold Exposure

1998 • 29 citations

Malic enzyme gene expression in differentiating brown adipocytes: regulation by insulin and triiodothyronine.

1993 • 29 citations

Identification of two novel splicing variants of human type II iodothyronine deiodinase mRNA

2001 • 29 citations

Metabolic effects of triiodothyronine replacement during fasting in obese subjects.

1996 • 29 citations

The Role of the Active Site Cysteine in Catalysis by Type 1 Iodothyronine Deiodinase*

1997 • 28 citations

Amiodarone‐induced hypercholesterolemia is associated with a decrease in liver LDL receptor mRNA

1994 • 28 citations

T3 potentiates the adrenergic stimulation of type II 5'-deiodinase activity in cultured rat brown adipocytes

1996 • 28 citations

The Mammalian Homolog of the Frog Type II Selenodeiodinase Does Not Encode a Functional Enzyme in the Rat*

1999 • 28 citations

Up‐Regulation of Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase mRNA in Reactive Astrocytes Following Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat

1998 • 28 citations

Effects of selenium and iodine deficiency on iodothyronine deiodinases in brain, thyroid and peripheral tissue.

1992 • 28 citations

Effects of a low selenium state in patients with phenylketonuria

1997 • 27 citations

Effects of selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone metabolism in phenylketonuria subjects on a phenylalanine restricted diet

1995 • 27 citations

Thyroxine 5′-Deiodinase in Human Anterior Pituitary Tumors*

1990 • 27 citations

Catecholamine Stimulation of Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodinase Activity in Rat Dispersed Brown Adipocytes*

1987 • 26 citations

Selective modification of the active center of renal iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase by iodoacetate

1984 • 26 citations

Isolation and characterization of the 5′-upstream and untranslated regions of the mouse type II iodothyronine deiodinase gene

2000 • 26 citations

Inner-ring deiodination of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the in situ perfused guinea pig placenta.

1985 • 26 citations

Changes in intestinal and hepatic thyroid hormone deiodination during spontaneous metamorphosis of the sea lamprey,Petromyzon marinus

2000 • 26 citations

Investigation of type I and type III iodothyronine deiodinases in rat tissues using N-bromoacetyl-iodothyronine affinity labels

1995 • 26 citations

Euthyroid Hyperthyroxinemia Due to a Generalized 5′-Deiodinase Defect

1988 • 25 citations

Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Expression is Upregulated by the Protein Kinase A-Dependent Pathway and is Downregulated by the Protein Kinase C-Dependent Pathway in Cultured Human Thyroid Cells

2001 • 25 citations

Regulation of uncoupling protein messenger ribonucleic acid and 5'-deiodinase activity by thyroid hormones in fetal brown adipose tissue.

1996 • 24 citations

Effect of Biological Alterations of Type I 5'Deiodinase Activity on Affinity Labeled Membrane Proteins in Rat Liver and Kidney*

1990 • 24 citations

Effect of Nicotine on Type 2 Deiodinase Activity in Cultured Rat Glial Cells.

1999 • 23 citations

Partial purification of the microsomal rat liver iodothyronine deiodinase II. Affinity chromatography

1988 • 23 citations

Polarized targeting of epithelial cell proteins in thyrocytes and MDCK cells

1999 • 23 citations

Biochemical and molecular biological evidence for the presence of type II iodothyronine deiodinase in mouse mammary gland

2000 • 22 citations

Ligand-induced Inactivation of Type I Iodothyronine 5′ Deiodinase: Protection by Propylthiouracilin Vivoand Reversibilityin Vitro*

1989 • 22 citations

Down-regulation of type II L-thyroxine, 5'-monodeiodinase in cultured GC cells: different pathways of regulation by L-triiodothyronine and 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.

1994 • 22 citations

Decreased peripheral 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) production from thyroxine (T4): a syndrome of impaired thyroid hormone activation due to transport inhibition of T4- into T3-producing tissues.

1993 • 21 citations

Thyroid T4 5′-deiodinase activity in normal and abnormal human thyroid glands

1984 • 21 citations

The effect of propylthiouracil and methimazole on the peripheral conversion of thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in athyreotic thyroxine-maintained rats

1983 • 21 citations

Direct Radioimmunoassay of Nuclear 3,5,3′ Triiodothyronine in Rat Anterior Pituitary

1980 • 21 citations

Expression of Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Brain Tumors¹

2000 • 20 citations

Structural organization and chromosomal localization of the human type II deiodinase gene

2000 • 20 citations

Multiple regulation of S14 gene expression during brown fat differentiation.

1993 • 19 citations

Quantitative Measurements for Type 1 Deiodinase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Mechanism of the Preferential Increase of T3 in Hyperthyroid Graves' Disease

1998 • 19 citations

Substrate requirement for inactivation of iodothyronine-5′-deiodinase activity by thiouracil

1981 • 19 citations

Iodothyronine Deiodinase Activities in FRTL5 Cells: Predominance of Type I 5′-Deiodinase*

1990 • 18 citations

Assignment<footref rid="foot01"><sup>1</sup></footref> of type II iodothyronine deiodinase gene (DIO2) to human chromosome band 14q24.2→q24.3 by in situ hybridization

1999 • 18 citations

Changes in thyroxine monodeiodination in rat liver, kidney and placenta during pregnancy

1984 • 18 citations

Hypothyroidism in Severely Iodine-Deficient Rats*

1981 • 18 citations

Effects of amiodarone on 5′-deiodination of thyroxine to tri-iodothyronine in rat myocardium

1989 • 18 citations

Serum free 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) in non-thyroidal somatic illness, as measured by ultrafiltration and immunoextraction

1996 • 17 citations

Interactions between adenosine and alpha 1-adrenergic agonists in regulation of respiration in hamster brown adipocytes.

1987 • 17 citations

Preparation and Properties of a Selenium-containing Catalytic Antibody as Type I Deiodinase Mimic

2001 • 16 citations

Effect of thyroid status on catecholamine stimulation of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase in brown adipocytes

1989 • 16 citations

Type II thyroxine 5′-deiodinase in the rat thymus

1995 • 16 citations

Expression of Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Brain Tumors

2000 • 15 citations

Amiodarone Inhibits T₄to T₃Conversion and α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase and Malic Enzyme Levels in Rat Liver

1986 • 15 citations

Feedback regulation of thyrotropin by thyroxine under physiological conditions

1981 • 14 citations

Rat Heart Thyroxine 5ʼ-Deiodinase is Sensitively Depressed by Amiodarone

1989 • 14 citations

Conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in the anterior pituitary gland and the influence of this process on thyroid status.

1984 • 14 citations

Abnormal Thyroid Hormone Binding to Serum Proteins in ob/ob and db/db Genetically Obese Mice*

1985 • 14 citations

A comparison of the effects of propylthiouracil and methimazol on circulating thyroid hormones and various measures of peripheral thyroid hormone effects in thyrotoxic patients

1985 • 13 citations

Induction of Type 2 Deiodinase Activity by Cyclic Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate in Cultured Rat Glial Cells

1998 • 13 citations

The structure of the coding and 5'-flanking region of the type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (dio1) gene is normal in a patient with suspected congenital dio1 deficiency.

1996 • 11 citations

Type I Iodothyronine Deiodinase: Unexpected Complexities in a Simple Deiodination Reaction

1994 • 11 citations

Triiodothyronine causes rapid reversal of α1/cyclic adenosine monophosphate synergism on brown adipocyte respiration and type II deiodinase activity

1991 • 11 citations

Differential sensitivity of brain iodothyronine 5'-deiodinases to sulfhydryl-blocking reagents

1983 • 10 citations

Thyroid Hormone Regulates Rat Placental Type III lodothyronine Deiodinase Activity by Inducing Kinetic Changes Different from Those in the Same Isozyme in Rat Brain.

1995 • 10 citations

Systemic Levels of Thyroid Hormones and Insulin in Landlocked Sea Lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, during the Juvenile Feeding Period

1994 • 10 citations

Comparison of the effects of propylthiouracil and selenium deficiency on T3 production in the rat.

1996 • 9 citations

Embryogenesis in cultured whole rat embryos after combined exposures to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) plus all-trans-retinoic acid and to T3 plus 9-cis-retinoic acid.

1994 • 7 citations

Regulation of thyrotropin secretion by 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and thyroxine.

1981 • 5 citations