Shigella’s ways of manipulating the host intestinal innate and adaptive immune system: a tool box for survival?

Dendritic cells and the control of immunity

1998 • 14,345 citations

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Kill Bacteria

2004 • 8,690 citations

Phosphorylation Meets Ubiquitination: The Control of NF-κB Activity

2000 • 4,644 citations

NF-κB regulation in the immune system

2002 • 3,804 citations

Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity

2003 • 3,689 citations

Type III Protein Secretion Systems in Bacterial Pathogens of Animals and Plants

1998 • 2,394 citations

Nod2 Is a General Sensor of Peptidoglycan through Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP) Detection

2003 • 2,325 citations

The Instructive Role of Innate Immunity in the Acquired Immune Response

1996 • 1,731 citations

Nod1 Detects a Unique Muropeptide from Gram-Negative Bacterial Peptidoglycan

2003 • 1,527 citations

Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses

2001 • 1,374 citations

Type III Secretion Machines: Bacterial Devices for Protein Delivery into Host Cells

1999 • 1,280 citations

Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies.

1999 • 1,261 citations

Shigella flexneri induces apoptosis in infected macrophages

1992 • 1,130 citations

Bacterial RNA and small antiviral compounds activate caspase-1 through cryopyrin/Nalp3

2006 • 1,099 citations

Cathelicidins, multifunctional peptides of the innate immunity

2003 • 973 citations

Critical Role for NALP3/CIAS1/Cryopyrin in Innate and Adaptive Immunity through Its Regulation of Caspase-1

2006 • 947 citations

The role of antimicrobial peptides in animal defenses

2000 • 944 citations

Escape of Intracellular Shigella from Autophagy

2004 • 798 citations

Involvement of a plasmid in the invasive ability of Shigella flexneri

1982 • 733 citations

Identification of icsA, a plasmid locus of Shigella flexneri that governs bacterial intra- and intercellular spread through interaction with F-actin.

1989 • 724 citations

Decreased Expression of Toll-Like Receptor-4 and MD-2 Correlates with Intestinal Epithelial Cell Protection Against Dysregulated Proinflammatory Gene Expression in Response to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

2001 • 672 citations

War and peace at mucosal surfaces

2004 • 659 citations

Mechanisms of immune suppression by interleukin‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β: the role of T regulatory cells

2006 • 659 citations

DNase Expression Allows the Pathogen Group A Streptococcus to Escape Killing in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

2006 • 654 citations

Inoculum Size in Shigellosis and Implications for Expected Mode of Transmission

1989 • 590 citations

YERSINIA OUTER PROTEINS: Role in Modulation of Host Cell Signaling Responses and Pathogenesis

2005 • 589 citations

CARD4/Nod1 mediates NF‐κB and JNK activation by invasive Shigella flexneri

2001 • 588 citations

An Endonuclease Allows Streptococcus pneumoniae to Escape from Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

2006 • 555 citations

AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY*

1957 • 541 citations

The Tripartite Type III Secreton of Shigella flexneri Inserts Ipab and Ipac into Host Membranes

1999 • 487 citations

The role of chemokines in linking innate and adaptive immunity

2002 • 487 citations

Bacterial strategies for overcoming host innate and adaptive immune responses

2002 • 476 citations

The Inflammasome: First Line of the Immune Response to Cell Stress

2006 • 469 citations

Acid resistance in enteric bacteria

1993 • 438 citations

Cellular autophagy: surrender, avoidance and subversion by microorganisms

2004 • 435 citations

Downregulation of bactericidal peptides in enteric infections: A novel immune escape mechanism with bacterial DNA as a potential regulator

2001 • 425 citations

Regulatory functions of ubiquitination in the immune system

2002 • 392 citations

Caspase-1 Activation of IL-1β and IL-18 Are Essential for Shigella flexneri–Induced Inflammation

2000 • 388 citations

The virulence plasmid pWR100 and the repertoire of proteins secreted by the type III secretion apparatus of Shigella flexneri

2000 • 372 citations

Structure and composition of the Shigella flexneri‘needle complex’, a part of its type III secreton

2001 • 343 citations

NF-kappa B is a central regulator of the intestinal epithelial cell innate immune response induced by infection with enteroinvasive bacteria.

1999 • 334 citations

Plague Bacteria Target Immune Cells During Infection

2005 • 333 citations

The role of gamma interferon in antimicrobial immunity

2001 • 328 citations

Neutrophil elastase targets virulence factors of enterobacteria

2002 • 314 citations

TheShigella flexnerieffector OspG interferes with innate immune responses by targeting ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes

2005 • 310 citations

Improved outcome in shigellosis associated with butyrate induction of an endogenous peptide antibiotic

2006 • 299 citations

Unipolar localization and ATPase activity of IcsA, a Shigella flexneri protein involved in intracellular movement

1993 • 293 citations

Optimization of Virulence Functions Through Glucosylation of Shigella LPS

2005 • 290 citations

Acute inflammation causes epithelial invasion and mucosal destruction in experimental shigellosis.

1994 • 289 citations

Autophagy is an immediate macrophage response to Legionella pneumophila

2005 • 278 citations

Role of M cells in initial antigen uptake and in ulcer formation in the rabbit intestinal loop model of shigellosis

1989 • 272 citations

NF-κB Is a Central Regulator of the Intestinal Epithelial Cell Innate Immune Response Induced by Infection with Enteroinvasive Bacteria

1999 • 272 citations

The role of Toll-like receptors and Nod proteins in bacterial infection

2004 • 268 citations

Experimental keratoconjunctivitis shigellosa.

1957 • 263 citations

Autophagy induction favours the generation and maturation of the Coxiella-replicative vacuoles

2005 • 252 citations

InvasiveShigella flexneriActivates NF-κB Through a Lipopolysaccharide-Dependent Innate Intracellular Response and Leads to IL-8 Expression in Epithelial Cells

2000 • 249 citations

Supramolecular structure of theShigellatype III secretion machinery: the needle part is changeable in length and essential for delivery of effectors

2000 • 243 citations

Introduction: The role of innate immunity in the adaptive immune response

1998 • 243 citations

virG, a plasmid-coded virulence gene of Shigella flexneri: identification of the virG protein and determination of the complete coding sequence

1989 • 240 citations

A review of vaccine research and development: human enteric infections☆

2005 • 213 citations

Interleukin-8 Controls Bacterial Transepithelial Translocation at the Cost of Epithelial Destruction in Experimental Shigellosis

1999 • 211 citations

How do microbes evade neutrophil killing?

2006 • 210 citations

Interleukin 1 is released by murine macrophages during apoptosis induced by Shigella flexneri.

1994 • 209 citations

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte transmigration promotes invasion of colonic epithelial monolayer by Shigella flexneri.

1994 • 207 citations

The regulation and roles of Rel/NF-κB transcription factors during lymphocyte activation

1998 • 198 citations

Shigellaspp. and enteroinvasiveEscherichia colipathogenicity factors

2005 • 189 citations

Pivotal Advance: Francisella tularensis LVS evades killing by human neutrophils via inhibition of the respiratory burst and phagosome escape

2006 • 181 citations

Pathophysiology of Salmonella diarrhea in the Rhesus monkey: Intestinal transport, morphological and bacteriological studies.

1974 • 178 citations

EXPERIMENTAL SHIGELLA INFECTIONS: CHARACTERISTICS OF A FATAL INFECTION PRODUCED IN GUINEA PIGS

1958 • 178 citations

Helical Structure of the Needle of the Type III Secretion System of Shigella flexneri

2003 • 177 citations

Persistence of local cytokine production in shigellosis in acute and convalescent stages

1995 • 174 citations

In vivo apoptosis in Shigella flexneri infections

1996 • 173 citations

Monoclonal immunoglobulin A antibody directed against serotype-specific epitope of Shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide protects against murine experimental shigellosis.

1995 • 168 citations

IL-8 Is a Key Chemokine Regulating Neutrophil Recruitment in a New Mouse Model ofShigella-Induced Colitis

2004 • 164 citations

Murine Nod1 but not its human orthologue mediates innate immune detection of tracheal cytotoxin

2005 • 164 citations

Regulation of transcription by the activity of the Shigella flexneri type III secretion apparatus

2002 • 163 citations

The bacterial injection kit: Type III secretion systems

2005 • 159 citations

Anthrax toxins: a paradigm of bacterial immune suppression

2006 • 158 citations

SopA, the outer membrane protease responsible for polar localization of IcsA in Shigella flexneri

1997 • 152 citations

The Shigella virulence gene regulatory cascade: a paradigm of bacterial gene control mechanisms

1998 • 151 citations

Distribution and Spread of Colonic Lesions in Shigellosis: A Colonoscopic Study

1984 • 141 citations

Two msbB Genes Encoding Maximal Acylation of Lipid A Are Required for Invasive Shigella flexneri to Mediate Inflammatory Rupture and Destruction of the Intestinal Epithelium

2002 • 140 citations

Role of interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of experimental shigellosis.

1995 • 136 citations

Morphology of Rectal Mucosa of Patients with Shigellosis

1991 • 129 citations

Analysis of virulence plasmid gene expression defines three classes of effectors in the type III secretion system of Shigella flexneri

2005 • 129 citations

Disruption of IcsP, the major Shigella protease that cleaves IcsA, accelerates actin‐based motility

1997 • 129 citations

Exerimental acute colitis in the Rhesus monkey following peroral infection with Shigella flexneri. An electron microscope study.

1968 • 124 citations

Cytokine Secretion in Acute Shigellosis Is Correlated to Disease Activity and Directed More to Stool than to Plasma

1995 • 124 citations

The burden of diarrhoea, shigellosis, and cholera in North Jakarta, Indonesia: findings from 24 months surveillance

2005 • 117 citations

The Lipopolysaccharide of Shigella Bacteria as a Virulence Factor

1991 • 115 citations

Isolation of novel GRO genes and a phylogenetic analysis of the CXC chemokine subfamily in mammals

1999 • 107 citations

Characterization of Functional Oligosaccharide Mimics of the Shigella flexneri Serotype 2a O-Antigen: Implications for the Development of a Chemically Defined Glycoconjugate Vaccine

2006 • 106 citations

In situ characterization of inflammatory responses in the rectal mucosae of patients with shigellosis

1997 • 102 citations

An essential role for NF-kappa B in IL-18-induced IFN-gamma expression in KG-1 cells.

1999 • 99 citations

An Essential Role for Gamma Interferon in Innate Resistance toShigella flexneriInfection

1998 • 96 citations

Pathophysiology of Shigella Diarrhea in the Rhesus Monkey: Intestinal Transport, Morphological, and Bacteriological Studies

1975 • 95 citations

An Essential Role for NF-κB in IL-18-Induced IFN-γ Expression in KG-1 Cells

1999 • 90 citations

Enteric infections and the vaccines to counter them: Future directions

2006 • 85 citations

Identification and characterization of virK, a virulence‐associated large plasmid gene essential for intercellular spreading of Shigella flexneri

1992 • 83 citations

Construction and evaluation of a double mutant of Shigella flexneri as a candidate for oral vaccination against shigellosis

1989 • 82 citations

Roles for T and NK Cells in the Innate Immune Response to Shigella flexneri

2005 • 82 citations

The Invasive Phenotype of Shigella flexneri Directs a Distinct Gene Expression Pattern in the Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line Caco-2

2003 • 80 citations

Species diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Shigella spp. isolated between 2001 and 2004 from hospitalized children with diarrhoea in Kolkata (Calcutta), India

2005 • 79 citations

Cytotoxicity and interleukin-1β processing following Shigella flexneri infection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

2002 • 74 citations

Pathology of shigellosis and its complications

1994 • 73 citations

Shigella Infection in a SCID Mouse-Human Intestinal Xenograft Model: Role for Neutrophils in Containing Bacterial Dissemination in Human Intestine

2001 • 72 citations

Estimating the burden of shigellosis in Thailand: 36-month population-based surveillance study.

2005 • 72 citations

Induction of Necrosis in Human Neutrophils byShigella flexneriRequires Type III Secretion, IpaB and IpaC Invasins, and Actin Polymerization

2000 • 70 citations

A newborn mouse model for the study of intestinal pathogenesis of shigellosis

2003 • 70 citations

Natural and recombinant interferons inhibit epithelial cell invasion by Shigella spp

1986 • 68 citations

Innate Immune Responses in Children and Adults with Shigellosis

2000 • 65 citations

SURVEILLANCE FOR ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILES AMONG SHIGELLA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM A SEMIRURAL COMMUNITY IN THE NORTHERN ADMINISTRATIVE AREA OF SANTIAGO, CHILE

2005 • 65 citations

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated antibacterial activity: K lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes are effective against shigella.

1980 • 64 citations

Shigellosis: Innate Mechanisms of Inflammatory Destruction of the Intestinal Epithelium, Adaptive Immune Response, and Vaccine Development

2003 • 63 citations

Tyrosine kinase signaling and type III effectors orchestrating Shigella invasion

2005 • 61 citations

SepA, the 110 kDa protein secreted by Shigella flexneri: two-domain structure and proteolytic activity

1998 • 59 citations

Molecular genetics of Crohn?s disease

2004 • 58 citations

Apoptosis in Acute Shigellosis Is Associated with Increased Production of Fas/Fas Ligand, Perforin, Caspase-1, and Caspase-3 but Reduced Production of Bcl-2 and Interleukin-2

2002 • 57 citations

Down-regulation of gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor type I, interleukin 1 (IL-1) type I, IL-3, IL-4, and transforming growth factor beta type I receptors at the local site during the acute phase of Shigella infection

1995 • 55 citations

Experimental pneumonia caused by bacteria of the Shigella group.

1962 • 55 citations

Role of lipopolysaccharide in signaling to subepithelial polymorphonuclear leukocytes

1997 • 54 citations

Delayed and Reduced Adaptive Humoral Immune Responses in Children with Shigellosis Compared with in Adults

2002 • 49 citations

Tripeptidyl Peptidase II Promotes Maturation of Caspase-1 inShigella flexneri-Induced Macrophage Apoptosis

2000 • 45 citations

Blockade of CD14 Increases Shigella-Mediated Invasion and Tissue Destruction

2000 • 44 citations

Increased Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Imbalance between IL-1 and IL-1 Receptor Antagonist during Acute Inflammation in Experimental Shigellosis

1999 • 42 citations

Frequency of isolation of shigella serogroups/serotypes and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in children from slum areas in Karachi.

2005 • 41 citations

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Shigella sonnei Isolates in Japan and Molecular Analysis of S. sonnei Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones

2005 • 40 citations

The ShiA protein encoded by theShigella flexneriSHI-2 pathogenicity island attenuates inflammation

2003 • 40 citations

Prevalence of Shigella species and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in Eastern Nepal.

2005 • 39 citations

Mucosal Lymphoid Infiltrate Dominates Colonic Pathological Changes in Murine Experimental Shigellosis

2005 • 38 citations

Local entrapment of interferon gamma in the recovery from Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection.

1996 • 38 citations

Apoptosis, cross-presentation, and the fate of the antigen specific immune response.

2000 • 37 citations

Risk factors for mortality due to shigellosis: a case-control study among severely-malnourished children in Bangladesh.

2005 • 35 citations

Fluoroquinolone Resistance Linked to Both gyrA and parC Mutations in the Quinolone Resistance–Determining Region of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1

2006 • 33 citations

Adaptive Immune Response to Shigella flexneri 2a cydC in Immunocompetent Mice and Mice Lacking Immunoglobulin A

1999 • 33 citations

Shigella serotypes among hospitalized patients in urban Bangladesh and their antimicrobial resistance

2004 • 32 citations

Changes in the peripheral blood T-Cell receptor V beta repertoire in vivo and in vitro during shigellosis

1996 • 27 citations

A systemic downregulation of gamma interferon production is associated with acute shigellosis

1997 • 27 citations

Protective Role of Human Lactoferrin Against Invasion ofShigella Flexneri M90t

2001 • 26 citations

Immunopathological patterns in the rectal mucosa of patients with shigellosis: expression of HLA‐DR antigens and T‐lymphocyte subsets

1994 • 22 citations

Shigella Antibiotic Resistance in Central Turkey: Comparison of the Years 1987-1994 and 1995-2002

2005 • 22 citations

Analysis of the mechanisms of resistance to several antimicrobial agents in Shigella spp. causing travellers’ diarrhoea

2005 • 22 citations

Recombinant interleukin-1 stimulates clearance of Escherichia coli K1 bacteraemia

1989 • 19 citations

Disease‐dependent changes in T‐cell populations in patients with shigellosis

2000 • 18 citations

Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 causing dysentery outbreaks in Central African Republic, 2003–2004

2006 • 18 citations

Pathologic study of a rabbit model for shigellosis.

1996 • 17 citations

OUTBREAK OF SHIGELLA SONNEI GASTROENTERITIS IN NORTHEASTERN TAIWAN

2006 • 12 citations

Interleukin-1 as a possible agent for treatment of infection

1993 • 12 citations

Differences among Shigella spp. in Susceptibility to the Bactericidal Activity of Human Serum

1988 • 10 citations

Nod1-dependent proinflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric epithelial cells

2003 • 4 citations

SEROLOGICAL STUDY OF THE MUCINASES FROM SHIGELLA FLEXNERI

1958 • 3 citations