Minireview: Glucagon-Like Peptides Regulate Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Pancreas, Gut, and Central Nervous System

β-Cell Deficit and Increased β-Cell Apoptosis in Humans With Type 2 Diabetes

2003 • 3,886 citations

Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7-36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

1993 • 1,579 citations

Effect of 6-week course of glucagon-like peptide 1 on glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function in type 2 diabetes: a parallel-group study

2002 • 1,295 citations

Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats.

1999 • 1,207 citations

Expression cloning of the pancreatic beta cell receptor for the gluco-incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1.

1992 • 880 citations

Induction of intestinal epithelial proliferation by glucagon-like peptide 2.

1996 • 842 citations

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is involved in learning and neuroprotection

2003 • 788 citations

Glucose intolerance but normal satiety in mice with a null mutation in the glucagon–like peptide 1 receptor gene

1996 • 771 citations

The incretin concept today

1979 • 730 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Inhibits Cell Apoptosis and Improves Glucose Responsiveness of Freshly Isolated Human Islets

2003 • 660 citations

Selective β-Cell Loss and α-Cell Expansion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea

2003 • 642 citations

Insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists stimulate expression of homeodomain protein IDX-1 and increase islet size in mouse pancreas.

2000 • 590 citations

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling Modulates β Cell Apoptosis

2002 • 583 citations

Enhancing Incretin Action for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

2003 • 578 citations

cAMP promotes pancreatic β-cell survival via CREB-mediated induction of IRS2

2003 • 541 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Promotes Islet Cell Growth and Inhibits Apoptosis in Zucker Diabetic Rats

2002 • 507 citations

International Union of Pharmacology. XXXV. The Glucagon Receptor Family

2003 • 486 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptides: Regulators of Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis

2003 • 475 citations

Glucose intolerance caused by a defect in the entero-insular axis: A study in gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor knockout mice

1999 • 446 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Induces Cell Proliferation and Pancreatic-Duodenum Homeobox-1 Expression and Increases Endocrine Cell Mass in the Pancreas of Old, Glucose-Intolerant Rats

2000 • 427 citations

Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Improves Metabolic Control Over a 4-Week Study Period in Type 2 Diabetes

2002 • 425 citations

Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes DNA synthesis, activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and increases transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 (PDX-1) DNA binding activity in beta (INS-1)-cells

1999 • 405 citations

New mechanisms in heptahelical receptor signaling to mitogen activated protein kinase cascades

2001 • 397 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Induces Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation Via Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

2003 • 394 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Exendin-4 Stimulate β-Cell Neogenesis in Streptozotocin-Treated Newborn Rats Resulting in Persistently Improved Glucose Homeostasis at Adult Age

2001 • 367 citations

Protection and Reversal of Excitotoxic Neuronal Damage by Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Exendin-4

2002 • 354 citations

Mice lacking dipeptidyl peptidase IV are protected against obesity and insulin resistance

2003 • 341 citations

Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor Treatment Stimulates β-Cell Survival and Islet Neogenesis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2003 • 337 citations

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 decreases endogenous amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) levels and protects hippocampal neurons from death induced by Aβ and iron

2003 • 337 citations

Enteroendocrine localization of GLP-2 receptor expression in humans and rodents

2000 • 327 citations

Glucagon-like peptide 1 and exendin-4 convert pancreatic AR42J cells into glucagon- and insulin-producing cells.

1999 • 326 citations

Prototypic G protein-coupled receptor for the intestinotrophic factor glucagon-like peptide 2

1999 • 324 citations

Glucagon-like peptide-1 treatment delays the onset of diabetes in 8 week-old db/db mice

2002 • 318 citations

Modulation of specific intestinal epithelial progenitors by enteric neurons

2001 • 315 citations

Intestinal growth-promoting properties of glucagon-like peptide-2 in mice

1997 • 310 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Inhibits Apoptosis of Insulin-Secreting Cells via a Cyclic 5′-Adenosine Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase A- and a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Dependent Pathway

2003 • 301 citations

Insulinotropic Hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Differentiation of Human Pancreatic Islet-Derived Progenitor Cells into Insulin-Producing Cells

2002 • 301 citations

Persistent Improvement of Type 2 Diabetes in the Goto-Kakizaki Rat Model by Expansion of the β-Cell Mass During the Prediabetic Period With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 or Exendin-4

2002 • 288 citations

A Novel Neurotrophic Property of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A Promoter of Nerve Growth Factor-Mediated Differentiation in PC12 Cells

2002 • 284 citations

The long-acting GLP-1 derivative NN2211 ameliorates glycemia and increases β-cell mass in diabetic mice

2002 • 280 citations

Pancreatic gastrin stimulates islet differentiation of transforming growth factor alpha-induced ductular precursor cells.

1993 • 272 citations

Neonatal Exendin-4 Prevents the Development of Diabetes in the Intrauterine Growth Retarded Rat

2003 • 265 citations

Glucagon-like peptide-2 enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function of both transcellular and paracellular pathways in the mouse

2000 • 262 citations

Regulation of the biological activity of glucagon-like peptide 2 in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV

1997 • 262 citations

The cholecystokinin-A receptor mediates inhibition of food intake yet is not essential for the maintenance of body weight

1999 • 255 citations

Gastrin Stimulates β-Cell Neogenesis and Increases Islet Mass From Transdifferentiated but Not From Normal Exocrine Pancreas Tissue

2002 • 253 citations

Protein Kinase Cζ Activation Mediates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1–Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation

2001 • 249 citations

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Is a Growth Factor for β (INS-1) Cells by Pleiotropic Signaling

2001 • 243 citations

GLP-2 augments the adaptive response to massive intestinal resection in rat

1998 • 238 citations

Gastrin deficiency results in altered gastric differentiation and decreased colonic proliferation in mice

1997 • 238 citations

Development and Characterization of a Glucagon-Like Peptide 1-Albumin Conjugate

2003 • 213 citations

Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates proliferation and apoptosis via activation of protein kinase B in pancreatic INS-1 beta cells

2004 • 203 citations

Pancreatic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Couples to Multiple G Proteins and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells*

1999 • 202 citations

Therapeutic potential of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

2003 • 201 citations

GLP‐1 derivative liraglutide in rats with β‐cell deficiencies: influence of metabolic state on β‐cell mass dynamics

2003 • 195 citations

Mechanisms of mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in beta(INS-1)-cells

2002 • 192 citations

GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth in premature TPN-fed pigs by suppressing proteolysis and apoptosis

2000 • 187 citations

Role of Endogenous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Islet Regeneration After Partial Pancreatectomy

2003 • 180 citations

Glucagon-like peptide 2 decreases mortality and reduces the severity of indomethacin-induced murine enteritis

1999 • 175 citations

Human [Gly²]GLP-2 reduces the severity of colonic injury in a murine model of experimental colitis

1999 • 170 citations

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Promotes β-(INS-1) Cell Survival via Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Mediated Caspase-3 Inhibition and Regulation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

2003 • 163 citations

Structure-Function of the Glucagon Receptor Family of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: The Glucagon, GIP, GLP-1, and GLP-2 Receptors

2002 • 158 citations

Initiation of Increased Pancreatic Islet Growth in Young Normoglycemic Mice (Umeå +/?)*

1999 • 153 citations

Combined gastrin and epidermal growth factor treatment induces islet regeneration and restores normoglycaemia in C57Bl6/J mice treated with alloxan

2004 • 152 citations

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 reduces chemotherapy-associated mortality and enhances cell survival in cells expressing a transfected GLP-2 receptor.

2001 • 143 citations

Structure-Function of the Glucagon Receptor Family of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: The Glucagon, GIP, GLP-1, and GLP-2 Receptors

2002 • 138 citations

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (1–37) converts intestinal epithelial cells into insulin-producing cells

2003 • 137 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Causes Pancreatic Duodenal Homeobox-1 Protein Translocation from the Cytoplasm to the Nucleus of Pancreatic β-Cells by a Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/Protein Kinase A-Dependent Mechanism

2001 • 135 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Regulates the Beta Cell Transcription Factor, PDX-1, in Insulinoma Cells

1999 • 131 citations

Intestinal response to growth factors administered alone or in combination with human [Gly²]glucagon-like peptide 2

1997 • 122 citations

Biological determinants of intestinotrophic properties of GLP-2 in vivo

1997 • 121 citations

cAMP Dose-dependently Prevents Palmitate-induced Apoptosis by Both Protein Kinase A- and cAMP-Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor-dependent Pathways in β-Cells

2004 • 118 citations

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor null mice exhibit compensatory changes in the enteroinsular axis

2003 • 117 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Induces Cell Proliferation and Pancreatic-Duodenum Homeobox-1 Expression and Increases Endocrine Cell Mass in the Pancreas of Old, Glucose-Intolerant Rats

2000 • 117 citations

The Glucagon Receptor Family

2000 • 116 citations

Glucagon-like Peptide (GLP)-2 Action in the Murine Central Nervous System Is Enhanced by Elimination of GLP-1 Receptor Signaling

2001 • 115 citations

Role of Gastrointestinal Hormones in the Proliferation of Normal and Neoplastic Tissues

2003 • 114 citations

Human glucagon‐like peptides 1 and 2 activate rat brain adenylate cyclase

1984 • 111 citations

Antagonism of Rat β-Cell Voltage-dependent K+ Currents by Exendin 4 Requires Dual Activation of the cAMP/Protein Kinase A and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Pathways

2003 • 107 citations

The Glucagon-like Peptide-2 Receptor Mediates Direct Inhibition of Cellular Apoptosis via a cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase-independent Pathway

2000 • 107 citations

Neurotensin stimulates growth of small intestine in rats

1988 • 106 citations

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in a rodent model with the intestinal growth factor glucagon-like peptide-2

2000 • 106 citations

Exendin 4 Up-Regulates Expression of PDX 1 and Hastens Differentiation and Maturation of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cells

2002 • 104 citations

Identification of Glucagon-like Peptide-2 (GLP-2)-activated Signaling Pathways in Baby Hamster Kidney Fibroblasts Expressing the Rat GLP-2 Receptor

1999 • 100 citations

Exendin‐4 differentiation of a human pancreatic duct cell line into endocrine cells: Involvement of PDX‐1 and HNF3β transcription factors

2002 • 96 citations

The glucagon-like peptides: a new genre in therapeutic targets for intervention in Alzheimer's disease

2002 • 94 citations

Cultured pancreatic ductal cells undergo cell cycle re-distribution and beta-cell-like differentiation in response to glucagon-like peptide-1

2002 • 92 citations

Glucagon-like Peptide-2 Receptor Activation Engages Bad and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in a Protein Kinase A-dependent Manner and Prevents Apoptosis following Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase

2002 • 89 citations

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor signaling influences topography of islet cells in mice

2001 • 88 citations

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Is a Growth Factor for (INS-1) Cells by Pleiotropic Signaling

2001 • 88 citations

Insulinotropic Hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Differentiation of Human Pancreatic Islet-Derived Progenitor Cells into Insulin-Producing Cells

2002 • 82 citations

Molecular mechanisms for the antiapoptotic action of gastrin

2001 • 82 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 and Common Therapeutics in a Murine Model of Ulcerative Colitis

2003 • 80 citations

Functional Maturation of Fetal Porcine β-Cells by Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Cholecystokinin

2002 • 80 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Enhances Maltase-Glucoamylase and Sucrase-Isomaltase Gene Expression and Activity in Parenterally Fed Premature Neonatal Piglets

2002 • 77 citations

Glucagon-like Peptide 2: A New Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Enteritis

2000 • 76 citations

Glucagon-like peptide-2-enhanced barrier function reduces pathophysiology in a model of food allergy

2003 • 74 citations

The effect of glucagon-like peptide 2 on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in acute necrotizing pancreatitis

2001 • 67 citations

Stimulation of DNA Synthesis by Big and Little Gastrin (G-34 and G-17)

1976 • 64 citations

Elimination of glucagon-like peptide 1R signaling does not modify weight gain and islet adaptation in mice with combined disruption of leptin and GLP-1 action.

2000 • 60 citations

Glucagonlike peptide-2 analogue enhances intestinal mucosal mass after ischemia and reperfusion

2000 • 56 citations

Pancreatic Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Couples to Multiple G Proteins and Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

1999 • 51 citations

Glucagon‐like peptide‐2 stimulates the proliferation of cultured rat astrocytes

2003 • 46 citations

Hormonal therapy for short bowel syndrome

2000 • 46 citations

Precursor peptide progastrin_1-80reduces apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells and upregulates cytochromecoxidase Vb levels and synthesis of ATP

2003 • 45 citations

Endogenous GLP-1 is involved in β-amyloid protein-induced memory impairment and hippocampal neuronal death in rats

2000 • 45 citations

Sustained Expression of Exendin-4 Does Not Perturb Glucose Homeostasis, β-Cell Mass, or Food Intake in Metallothionein-Preproexendin Transgenic Mice

2000 • 40 citations

Hypoglycemia, defective islet glucagon secretion, but normal islet mass in mice with a disruption of the gastrin gene1 1The authors thank Emmy De Blay and Luc Bouwens for generous assistance with islet immunohistochemistry.

2003 • 32 citations

GLP-2α accelerates recovery of mucosal absorptive function after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion

2001 • 25 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Causes Pancreatic Duodenal Homeobox-1 Protein Translocation from the Cytoplasm to the Nucleus of Pancreatic -Cells by a Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/Protein Kinase A-Dependent Mechanism

2001 • 25 citations

Action of neurotensin on size, composition, and growth of pancreas and stomach in the rat

1985 • 24 citations

Somatostatin inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1-induced insulin secretion and proliferation of RINm5F insulinoma cells

2002 • 23 citations

Growth factor regulation of PC4/TIS7, an immediate early gene expressed during gut adaptation after resection

2003 • 20 citations

The cholecystokinin-A receptor mediates inhibition of food intake yet is not essential for the maintenance of body weight

1999 • 20 citations

Therapeutic potential of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

2003 • 11 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 Enhances Maltase-Glucoamylase and Sucrase-Isomaltase Gene Expression and Activity in Parenterally Fed Premature Neonatal Piglets

2002 • 7 citations