Glucagon-Like Peptides: Regulators of Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Apoptosis

Glycemic Control With Diet, Sulfonylurea, Metformin, or Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus<SUBTITLE>Progressive Requirement for Multiple Therapies (UKPDS 49)</SUBTITLE>

1999 • 2,369 citations

A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding

1996 • 1,880 citations

GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 7-36: A PHYSIOLOGICAL INCRETIN IN MAN

1987 • 1,845 citations

Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans.

1998 • 1,338 citations

Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats.

1999 • 1,207 citations

Expression cloning of the pancreatic beta cell receptor for the gluco-incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1.

1992 • 880 citations

Induction of intestinal epithelial proliferation by glucagon-like peptide 2.

1996 • 842 citations

Glucagon-like peptide I stimulates insulin gene expression and increases cyclic AMP levels in a rat islet cell line.

1987 • 830 citations

Insulinotropin: glucagon-like peptide I (7-37) co-encoded in the glucagon gene is a potent stimulator of insulin release in the perfused rat pancreas.

1987 • 814 citations

Multipotential Nestin-Positive Stem Cells Isolated From Adult Pancreatic Islets Differentiate Ex Vivo Into Pancreatic Endocrine, Exocrine, and Hepatic Phenotypes

2001 • 788 citations

Preproglucagon gene expression in pancreas and intestine diversifies at the level of post-translational processing.

1986 • 686 citations

Distribution of glucagon-like peptide-1 and other preproglucagon-derived peptides in the rat hypothalamus and brainstem

1997 • 608 citations

Hamster preproglucagon contains the sequence of glucagon and two related peptides

1983 • 602 citations

Insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists stimulate expression of homeodomain protein IDX-1 and increase islet size in mouse pancreas.

2000 • 590 citations

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling Modulates β Cell Apoptosis

2002 • 583 citations

Glucagon-like peptide 2 improves nutrient absorption and nutritional status in short-bowel patients with no colon

2001 • 522 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Promotes Islet Cell Growth and Inhibits Apoptosis in Zucker Diabetic Rats

2002 • 507 citations

Stretch-mediated release of angiotensin II induces myocyte apoptosis by activating p53 that enhances the local renin-angiotensin system and decreases the Bcl-2-to-Bax protein ratio in the cell.

1998 • 460 citations

Gastric emptying, glucose responses, and insulin secretion after a liquid test meal: effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-(7-36) amide in type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic patients.

1996 • 460 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Induces Cell Proliferation and Pancreatic-Duodenum Homeobox-1 Expression and Increases Endocrine Cell Mass in the Pancreas of Old, Glucose-Intolerant Rats

2000 • 427 citations

Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes DNA synthesis, activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and increases transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 (PDX-1) DNA binding activity in beta (INS-1)-cells

1999 • 405 citations

Minireview: The Glucagon-Like Peptides

2001 • 393 citations

The proliferative and antiapoptotic effects of substance P are facilitated by formation of a β-arrestin-dependent scaffolding complex

2000 • 392 citations

Effect of Truncated Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 [Proglucagon-(78–107) amide] on Endocrine Secretion from Pig Pancreas, Antrum, and Nonantral Stomach

1988 • 391 citations

Critical Role of cAMP-GEFII·Rim2 Complex in Incretin-potentiated Insulin Secretion

2001 • 372 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Exendin-4 Stimulate β-Cell Neogenesis in Streptozotocin-Treated Newborn Rats Resulting in Persistently Improved Glucose Homeostasis at Adult Age

2001 • 367 citations

Protection and Reversal of Excitotoxic Neuronal Damage by Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Exendin-4

2002 • 354 citations

Hormonal regulation of apoptosis in early antral follicles: follicle-stimulating hormone as a major survival factor.

1996 • 339 citations

Enteroendocrine localization of GLP-2 receptor expression in humans and rodents

2000 • 327 citations

Glucagon-like peptide 1 and exendin-4 convert pancreatic AR42J cells into glucagon- and insulin-producing cells.

1999 • 326 citations

Prototypic G protein-coupled receptor for the intestinotrophic factor glucagon-like peptide 2

1999 • 324 citations

Glucagon-like peptide-1 treatment delays the onset of diabetes in 8 week-old db/db mice

2002 • 318 citations

Modulation of specific intestinal epithelial progenitors by enteric neurons

2001 • 315 citations

Intestinal growth-promoting properties of glucagon-like peptide-2 in mice

1997 • 310 citations

Bcl-2 Lies Downstream of Parathyroid Hormone–related Peptide in a Signaling Pathway That Regulates Chondrocyte Maturation during Skeletal Development

1997 • 308 citations

Insulinotropic Hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Differentiation of Human Pancreatic Islet-Derived Progenitor Cells into Insulin-Producing Cells

2002 • 301 citations

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP-38) Protects Cerebellar Granule Neurons from Apoptosis by Activating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAP Kinase) Pathway

1997 • 288 citations

Persistent Improvement of Type 2 Diabetes in the Goto-Kakizaki Rat Model by Expansion of the β-Cell Mass During the Prediabetic Period With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 or Exendin-4

2002 • 288 citations

The long-acting GLP-1 derivative NN2211 ameliorates glycemia and increases β-cell mass in diabetic mice

2002 • 280 citations

Glucagon-like peptide-2 enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function of both transcellular and paracellular pathways in the mouse

2000 • 262 citations

Regulation of the biological activity of glucagon-like peptide 2 in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV

1997 • 262 citations

Subtype-selective induction of wild-type p53 and apoptosis, but not cell cycle arrest, by human somatostatin receptor 3.

1996 • 260 citations

Protein Kinase Cζ Activation Mediates Glucagon-Like Peptide-1–Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation

2001 • 249 citations

Pancreatic preproglucagon cDNA contains two glucagon-related coding sequences arranged in tandem.

1982 • 249 citations

GLP-2 augments the adaptive response to massive intestinal resection in rat

1998 • 238 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Induces Differentiation of Islet Duodenal Homeobox-1–Positive Pancreatic Ductal Cells Into Insulin-Secreting Cells

2001 • 222 citations

Glucagonostatic and Insulinotropic Action of Glucagonlike Peptide I-(7–36)-Amide

1989 • 222 citations

Pancreatic and intestinal processing of proglucagon in man

1987 • 203 citations

cAMP‐regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor II (Epac2) mediates Ca²⁺‐induced Ca²⁺ release in INS‐1 pancreatic β‐cells

2001 • 194 citations

Mechanisms of mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in beta(INS-1)-cells

2002 • 192 citations

GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth in premature TPN-fed pigs by suppressing proteolysis and apoptosis

2000 • 187 citations

Role of Endogenous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Islet Regeneration After Partial Pancreatectomy

2003 • 180 citations

GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans

1989 • 176 citations

Glucagon-like peptide 2 decreases mortality and reduces the severity of indomethacin-induced murine enteritis

1999 • 175 citations

Human [Gly²]GLP-2 reduces the severity of colonic injury in a murine model of experimental colitis

1999 • 170 citations

Tissue-specific Expression of Unique mRNAs That Encode Proglucagon-derived Peptides or Exendin 4 in the Lizard

1997 • 165 citations

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase and Ca2+Influx through L-type Voltage-gated Calcium Channels Mediate Raf-independent Activation of Extracellular Regulated Kinase in Response to Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Pancreatic β-Cells

2002 • 157 citations

Initiation of Increased Pancreatic Islet Growth in Young Normoglycemic Mice (Umeå +/?)*

1999 • 153 citations

Pre-Proglucagon Messenger Ribonucleic Acid: Nucleotide and Encoded Amino Acid Sequences of the Rat Pancreatic Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid*

1984 • 147 citations

Subtype-selective induction of wild-type p53 and apoptosis, but not cell cycle arrest, by human somatostatin receptor 3

1996 • 146 citations

Adrenergic regulation of myocardial apoptosis

2000 • 146 citations

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 reduces chemotherapy-associated mortality and enhances cell survival in cells expressing a transfected GLP-2 receptor.

2001 • 143 citations

Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein Exert Both Pro- and Anti-apoptotic Effects in Mesenchymal Cells

2002 • 142 citations

Glucagon-like peptide 1 stimulates insulin gene promoter activity by protein kinase A-independent activation of the rat insulin I gene cAMP response element.

2000 • 133 citations

Prevention of parenteral nutrition-induced gut hypoplasia by coinfusion of glucagon-like peptide-2

1997 • 132 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Regulates the Beta Cell Transcription Factor, PDX-1, in Insulinoma Cells

1999 • 131 citations

Glucose and glucoincretin peptides synergize to induce c-fos, c-jun, junB, zif-268, and nur-77 gene expression in pancreatic beta(INS-1) cells.

1998 • 130 citations

Cholecystokinin Induces Caspase Activation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pancreatic Acinar Cells

2002 • 130 citations

β-Cell Differentiation from a Human Pancreatic Cell Line in Vitro and in Vivo

2001 • 130 citations

Intestinal response to growth factors administered alone or in combination with human [Gly²]glucagon-like peptide 2

1997 • 122 citations

Gut adaptation and the glucagon-like peptides

2002 • 122 citations

Biological determinants of intestinotrophic properties of GLP-2 in vivo

1997 • 121 citations

G-proteins in growth and apoptosis: lessons from the heart

2001 • 118 citations

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Mediated Neuroprotection against Oxidative Stress Is Associated with the Increased Release of Non-amyloidogenic Amyloid β Precursor Protein and with the Suppression of Nuclear Factor-κB

2000 • 116 citations

Development of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Based Pharmaceuticals as Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Diabetes

2001 • 113 citations

Natriuretic Peptides and Nitric Oxide Induce Endothelial Apoptosis via a cGMP–Dependent Mechanism

1999 • 112 citations

PACAP Type I Receptor Activation Promotes Cerebellar Neuron Survival Through the cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway

1997 • 110 citations

Adrenomedullin inhibits hypoxic cell death by upregulation of Bcl-2 in endometrial cancer cells: a possible promotion mechanism for tumour growth

2001 • 110 citations

Glucagonlike peptide-2 enhances small intestinal absorptive function and mucosal mass in vivo

1999 • 109 citations

The Glucagon-like Peptide-2 Receptor Mediates Direct Inhibition of Cellular Apoptosis via a cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase-independent Pathway

2000 • 107 citations

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in a rodent model with the intestinal growth factor glucagon-like peptide-2

2000 • 106 citations

Exendin 4 Up-Regulates Expression of PDX 1 and Hastens Differentiation and Maturation of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cells

2002 • 104 citations

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide prevents apoptosis in cultured cerebellar granule neurons.

1996 • 101 citations

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Protects Neurons against Insults Relevant to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

2001 • 101 citations

Identification of Glucagon-like Peptide-2 (GLP-2)-activated Signaling Pathways in Baby Hamster Kidney Fibroblasts Expressing the Rat GLP-2 Receptor

1999 • 100 citations

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) in pancreatic cancers of hamsters after treatment with analogs of both luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin.

1989 • 99 citations

Glucose and glucoincretin peptides synergize to induce c‐fos, c‐jun,junB,zif‐268, and nur‐77gene expression in pancreatic β(INS‐1) cells

1998 • 97 citations

Exendin‐4 differentiation of a human pancreatic duct cell line into endocrine cells: Involvement of PDX‐1 and HNF3β transcription factors

2002 • 96 citations

Glucagon-Like Peptide 2¹

2001 • 94 citations

Molecular evolution of proglucagon

2001 • 92 citations

Glucagon-like Peptide-2 Receptor Activation Engages Bad and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in a Protein Kinase A-dependent Manner and Prevents Apoptosis following Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase

2002 • 89 citations

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor signaling influences topography of islet cells in mice

2001 • 88 citations

Molecular mechanisms for the antiapoptotic action of gastrin

2001 • 82 citations

Functional Maturation of Fetal Porcine β-Cells by Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Cholecystokinin

2002 • 80 citations

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Inhibit Expression of Fas Ligand in Activated T Lymphocytes by Regulating c-Myc, NF-κB, NF-AT, and Early Growth Factors 2/3

2001 • 78 citations

Apoptosis Mediated by Activation of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor for Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/ PTH-Related Protein (PTHrP)

2000 • 78 citations

Intestinal growth is associated with elevated levels of glucagon-like peptide 2 in diabetic rats

1997 • 74 citations

Proglucagon-derived peptides in intestinal epithelial proliferation: glucagon-like peptide-2 is a major mediator of intestinal epithelial proliferation in rats.

2001 • 72 citations

Regulation of apoptosis by vasoactive peptides

2001 • 72 citations

Gastrin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth through increased apoptosis by activation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C-α

2001 • 71 citations

Pathways of inflammation and cell death in the lung: modulation by vasoactive intestinal peptide

2000 • 69 citations

Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase- activating polypeptides (PACAP27) and PACAP38) protect CD4+CD8+ thymocytes from glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis

1996 • 68 citations

Vasoactive intestinal peptide-mediated suppression of apoptosis in the ovary: potential mechanisms of action and evidence of a conserved antiatretogenic role through evolution.

1995 • 67 citations

Immunoneutralization of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 reduces adaptive intestinal growth in diabetic rats

2002 • 65 citations

Effects of Glucagonlike Peptide l-(7–36) on Release of Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin by Rat Pancreatic Islet Cell Monolayer Cultures

1989 • 65 citations

Elimination of glucagon-like peptide 1R signaling does not modify weight gain and islet adaptation in mice with combined disruption of leptin and GLP-1 action.

2000 • 60 citations

Cyclic AMP Protects Against Staurosporine and Wortmannin‐Induced Apoptosis and Opioid‐Enhanced Apoptosis in Both Embryonic and Immortalized (F‐11κ7) Neurons

1998 • 56 citations

Glucagonlike peptide-2 analogue enhances intestinal mucosal mass after ischemia and reperfusion

2000 • 56 citations

G Protein Coupled Receptor Signaled Apoptosis Is Associated with Activation of a Cation Insensitive Acidic Endonuclease and Intracellular Acidification

1998 • 50 citations

Neurotensin counteracts apoptosis in breast cancer cells

2002 • 48 citations

Hormonal therapy for short bowel syndrome

2000 • 46 citations

Glucagon and Related Peptides in Fetal Rat Hypothalamusin Vivoandin Vitro*

1990 • 43 citations

Maintaining Gut Integrity During Parenteral Nutrition of Tumor-Bearing Rats: Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide 2

2000 • 37 citations

Calcitonin gene-related peptide enhances apoptosis of thymocytes

1996 • 32 citations

GLP-2 augments the adaptive response to massive intestinal resection in rat

1998 • 28 citations

GLP-2α accelerates recovery of mucosal absorptive function after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion

2001 • 25 citations

Cyclic AMP and sympathetic neuronal programmed cell death

1997 • 22 citations

Cholecystokinin octapeptide induces both proliferation and apoptosis in the rat pancreas

2001 • 17 citations

Inhibitory Effect of Thyrotropic Hormone on Apoptosis Induced by Actinomycin D in a Functioning Rat Thyroid Cell Line.

1999 • 8 citations