From Apoptosis to Autoimmunity: Insights from the Signaling Pathways Leading to Proliferation or to Programmed Cell Death

Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology.

1991 • 15,563 citations

Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells

1992 • 4,437 citations

Inositol phosphates and cell signalling

1989 • 4,058 citations

Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death

1990 • 3,817 citations

Bcl-2 functions in an antioxidant pathway to prevent apoptosis

1993 • 3,465 citations

bcl-x, a bcl-2-related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death

1993 • 3,111 citations

Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein

1992 • 2,977 citations

Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis

1992 • 2,932 citations

RAG-1-deficient mice have no mature B and T lymphocytes

1992 • 2,859 citations

The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis

1991 • 2,815 citations

RAG-2-deficient mice lack mature lymphocytes owing to inability to initiate V(D)J rearrangement

1992 • 2,618 citations

Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells.

1989 • 2,183 citations

Nitric oxide, a novel neuronal messenger

1992 • 1,864 citations

Programmed Cell Death Induced by Ceramide

1993 • 1,779 citations

Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Tumor Regression by Induction of Apoptosis

1989 • 1,739 citations

Bcl-2 inhibition of neural death: decreased generation of reactive oxygen species

1993 • 1,692 citations

Resolution and characterization of pro-B and pre-pro-B cell stages in normal mouse bone marrow.

1991 • 1,622 citations

A cell-killing monoclonal antibody (anti-Fas) to a cell surface antigen co-downregulated with the receptor of tumor necrosis factor.

1989 • 1,436 citations

BH1 and BH2 domains of Bcl-2 are required for inhibition of apoptosis and heterodimerization with Bax

1994 • 1,303 citations

BCL2 protein is topographically restricted in tissues characterized by apoptotic cell death.

1991 • 1,301 citations

Costimulation of T lymphocytes: the role of CD28, CTLA-4, and B7/BB1 in interleukin-2 production and immunotherapy

1992 • 1,290 citations

Mast cell lines produce lymphokines in response to cross-linkage of FcεRI or to calcium ionophores

1989 • 1,199 citations

Apoptosis and Programmed Cell Death in Immunity

1992 • 1,105 citations

bcl-2 transgene inhibits T cell death and perturbs thymic self-censorship

1991 • 1,090 citations

Clonal deletion of B lymphocytes in a transgenic mouse bearing anti-MHC class I antibody genes

1989 • 1,015 citations

Apoptosis

1993 • 972 citations

Deregulated Bcl-2 gene expression selectively prolongs survival of growth factor-deprived hemopoietic cell lines.

1990 • 926 citations

Activation-induced death by apoptosis in CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic individuals.

1992 • 907 citations

Programmed cell death: Apoptosis and oncogenesis

1991 • 856 citations

Bcl-2 blocks apoptosis in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA

1993 • 758 citations

An evolutionary perspective on apoptosis

1994 • 758 citations

Suppression of arthritis by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.

1993 • 662 citations

How B and T cells talk to each other

1994 • 659 citations

The 1991 Ulf von Euler Lecture:The <scp>l</scp>‐arginine: nitric oxide pathway

1992 • 654 citations

The scid mutation in mice causes a general defect in DNA repair

1990 • 525 citations

Elimination of self-reactive B lymphocytes proceeds in two stages: Arrested development and cell death

1993 • 514 citations

The role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of spontaneous murine autoimmune disease: increased nitric oxide production and nitric oxide synthase expression in MRL-lpr/lpr mice, and reduction of spontaneous glomerulonephritis and arthritis by orally administered NG-monomethyl-L-arginine.

1994 • 447 citations

Murine cytotoxic activated macrophages inhibit aconitase in tumor cells. Inhibition involves the iron-sulfur prosthetic group and is reversible.

1986 • 421 citations

T cell receptor alpha/beta expressing double-negative (CD4-/CD8-) and CD4+ T helper cells in humans augment the production of pathogenic anti-DNA autoantibodies associated with lupus nephritis.

1989 • 402 citations

Expression and involvement of c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes in programmed cell death induced by growth factor deprivation in lymphoid cell lines.

1992 • 401 citations

Programmed cell death, apoptosis and killer genes

1993 • 396 citations

B-cell apoptosis induced by antigen receptor crosslinking is blocked by a T-cell signal through CD40

1993 • 390 citations

The zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 is essential for and restricts differentiation along the macrophage lineage

1993 • 384 citations

Diversity of Cytokine Synthesis and Function of Mouse CD4⁺ T Cells

1991 • 371 citations

Transgenic Mice and Analysis of B-Cell Tolerance

1992 • 362 citations

The Role of T _H 1 and T _H 2 Cells in a Rodent Malaria Infection

1993 • 352 citations

Activation of a Cytosolic ADP-ribosyltransferase by Nitric Oxide-generating Agents

1989 • 349 citations

Induction of activation-driven death (apoptosis) in activated but not resting peripheral blood T cells.

1993 • 341 citations

Splenic B lymphocyte programmed cell death is prevented by nitric oxide release through mechanisms involving sustained Bcl-2 levels.

1995 • 340 citations

Genetic analysis of MRL-lpr mice: relationship of the Fas apoptosis gene to disease manifestations and renal disease-modifying loci.

1992 • 339 citations

B lymphocyte receptors and polyphosphoinositide degradation

1985 • 332 citations

Regulation of apoptosis in the immune system

1994 • 321 citations

The B Cell Antigen Receptor Complex: Association of Ig-α and Ig-β with Distinct Cytoplasmic Effectors

1992 • 307 citations

Developmental regulation of the Bcl-2 protein and susceptibility to cell death in B lymphocytes.

1994 • 305 citations

The B-cell antigen receptor of the five immunoglobulin classes

1991 • 302 citations

Alterations of ribonucleotide reductase activity following induction of the nitrite-generating pathway in adenocarcinoma cells.

1990 • 284 citations

The surrogate light chain in B-cell development

1993 • 282 citations

Molecular Mechanisms of Transmembrane Signaling in B Lymphocytes

1987 • 279 citations

Injection of mitochondria into human cells leads to a rapid replacement of the endogenous mitochondrial DNA

1988 • 275 citations

Induction of autoreactive B cells allows priming of autoreactive T cells.

1991 • 253 citations

Anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies induce apoptosis in immature B cell lymphomas

1990 • 253 citations

Modulation of T-cell function by gliomas

1991 • 241 citations

The defect in Fas mRNA expression in MRL/lpr mice is associated with insertion of the retrotransposon, ETn.

1993 • 241 citations

Molecular associations between the T-lymphocyte antigen receptor complex and the surface antigens CD2, CD4, or CD8 and CD5.

1992 • 226 citations

Bcl-2 maintains B cell memory

1991 • 219 citations

Thymocyte binding to human thymic epithelial cells is inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to CD-2 and LFA-3 antigens.

1987 • 213 citations

CD2-mediated adhesion facilitates T lymphocyte antigen recognition function

1989 • 209 citations

An intrinsic B cell defect is required for the production of autoantibodies in the lpr model of murine systemic autoimmunity.

1991 • 198 citations

An African swine fever virus gene with similarity to the proto-oncogene bcl-2 and the Epstein-Barr virus gene BHRF1

1993 • 194 citations

Injury of neoplastic cells by murine macrophages leads to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration.

1980 • 186 citations

Activation induces sensitivity toward APO-1 (CD95)-mediated apoptosis in human B cells.

1994 • 182 citations

Enrichment of hematopoietic precursor cells and cloning of multipotential B-lymphocyte precursors.

1985 • 173 citations

Glucocorticoid-mediated control of the activation and clonal deletion of peripheral T cells in vivo.

1993 • 163 citations

Fas‐based lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic activated lymphocytes: A regulatory pathway?

1994 • 157 citations

Proliferation kinetics and the lifespan of B cells in central and peripheral lymphoid organs

1991 • 156 citations

The Structural Biology of CD2

1989 • 154 citations

Apoptosis, fas and systemic autoimmunity: the MRL-Ipr/Ipr model

1994 • 151 citations

The Discovery of Nitric Oxide in the Vessel Wall

1993 • 150 citations

Programmed cell death by bcl-2-dependent and independent mechanisms in B lymphoma cells.

1993 • 147 citations

Correction of accelerated autoimmune disease by early replacement of the mutated lpr gene with the normal Fas apoptosis gene in the T cells of transgenic MRL-lpr/lpr mice.

1994 • 145 citations

Early B‐Cell Development in the Mouse: Insights from Mutations Introduced by Gene Targeting

1994 • 142 citations

Expression of protein kinase C genes in hemopoietic cells is cell-type- and B cell-differentiation stage specific.

1991 • 142 citations

Differential signaling through the Ig‐α and Ig‐β components of the B cell antigen receptor

1993 • 137 citations

Transgenic T cell receptor interactions in the lymphoproliferative and autoimmune syndromes of lpr and gld mutant mice

1992 • 130 citations

Distinctive Developmental Origins and Specificities of Murine CD5⁺ B Cells

1994 • 129 citations

BHRF1, the Epstein-Barr virus gene with homology to Bc12, is dispensable for B-lymphocyte transformation and virus replication

1991 • 128 citations

Tolerance-related V beta clonal deletions in normal CD4-8-, TCR-alpha/beta + and abnormal lpr and gld cell populations.

1989 • 127 citations

Studies of T cell deletion and T cell anergy following in vivo administration of SEB to normal and lupus-prone mice.

1993 • 125 citations

A soluble multimeric recombinant CD2 protein identifies CD48 as a low affinity ligand for human CD2: divergence of CD2 ligands during the evolution of humans and mice.

1993 • 122 citations

Monoclonal antibodies specific for murine CD2 reveal its presence on B as well as T cells.

1989 • 118 citations

Development of autoimmune disease in SCID mice populated with long-term "in vitro" proliferating (NZB x NZW)F1 pre-B cells.

1992 • 116 citations

The bcl-2 gene product inhibits clonal deletion of self-reactive B lymphocytes in the periphery but not in the bone marrow.

1993 • 115 citations

Lymphoma models for B cell activation and tolerance. III. Cell cycle dependence for negative signalling of WEHI-231 B lymphoma cells by anti-mu.

1986 • 112 citations

A subset of anti‐CD21 antibodies promote the rescue of germinal center B cells from apoptosis

1993 • 109 citations

Abnormal thymocyte development and production of autoreactive T cells in T cell receptor transgenic autoimmune mice.

1991 • 97 citations

B‐Lymphocyte Signal Transduction in Response to Anti‐Immunoglobulin and Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

1987 • 95 citations

Macrophage activation by T cells: cognate and non-cognate signals

1993 • 92 citations

Both T cell receptor (TcR)‐CD3 complex and CD2 increase the tyrosine kinase activity of p56^lck. CD2 can mediate TcR‐CD3‐independent and CD45‐dependent activation of p56^lck

1992 • 91 citations

Structure and Function of the B Cell Antigen Receptor

1993 • 86 citations

Physical association of the cytoplasmic domain of CD2 with the tyrosine kinases p56^lck and p59^fyn

1993 • 84 citations

Egr-1 expression in surface Ig-mediated B cell activation. Kinetics and association with protein kinase C activation.

1990 • 82 citations

Reversible tenfod reduction in mitochondrial DNA content of human cells treated with ethidium bromide

1978 • 81 citations

Methylation of an Immediate-Early Inducible Gene as a Mechanism for B Cell Tolerance Induction

1990 • 74 citations

Pharmacological inhibition of programmed lymphocyte death

1994 • 74 citations

The T cell receptor/CD3 complex and CD2 stimulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of indistinguishable patterns of polypeptides in the human T leukemic cell line Jurkat

1991 • 72 citations

Effects of the immunomodulator LS 2616 on growth and metastasis of the murine B16-F10 melanoma.

1986 • 71 citations

The tyrosine kinase activity of p56^lck is increased in human T cells activated via CD2

1991 • 67 citations

Nitric oxide-induced anti-mitogenic effects in high and low responder rat strains.

1992 • 65 citations

Linomide, a novel immunomodulator that prevents death in four models of septic shock

1993 • 65 citations

Inhibition of the reactive proliferation of lymphocytes by activated macrophages: the role of nitric oxide

1992 • 64 citations

Selective autoantibody production by Yaa+ B cells in autoimmune Yaa(+)-Yaa- bone marrow chimeric mice.

1991 • 62 citations

Factors modifying survival pathways of germinal center B cells. Glucocorticoids and transforming growth factor‐β, but not cyclosporin A or anti‐CD19, block surface immunoglobulin‐mediated rescue from apoptosis

1992 • 61 citations

Interleukin 7-dependent B lymphocyte precursor cells are ultrasensitive to apoptosis.

1994 • 61 citations

Retroviruses, apoptosis and autogenes

1993 • 60 citations

Phorbol myristate acetate inhibits anti-IgM-mediated signaling in resting B cells.

1986 • 58 citations

Two Pathways of B‐Lymphocyte Development in Mouse Bone Marrow and the Roles of Surrogate L Chain in this Development

1994 • 57 citations

Characterization of the immunosuppressive effects of nitric oxide in graft vs host disease.

1993 • 56 citations

Independent regulation of c-myc, B-myb, and c-myb gene expression by inducers and inhibitors of proliferation in human B lymphocytes.

1992 • 51 citations

Purified lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) activates human thymocytes via the CD2 pathway.

1988 • 50 citations

T‐Cell Receptor Vβ Repertoire Expression in Murine Models of SLE

1990 • 48 citations

T cell‐mediated cognate signaling of nitric oxide production by macrophages. Requirements for macrophage activation by plasma membranes isolated from T cells

1993 • 47 citations

Expression of protein kinase C isoenzymes in thymocyte subpopulations and their differential regulation.

1991 • 46 citations

Expression of thebcl-2 gene in mouse B lymphocytic cell lines is differentiation stage specific

1987 • 46 citations

Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in B‐Cell Induction

1993 • 45 citations

Linomide inhibits programmed cell death of peripheral T cells in vivo

1994 • 44 citations

Expression and ontogeny of CD2 on murine B cells.

1990 • 44 citations

Surface immunoglobulin-mediated B-cell activation in the absence of detectable elevations in intracellular ionized calcium: a model for T-cell-independent B-cell activation.

1989 • 42 citations

Apoptosis of activated CD8+/CD57+ T cells is induced by some combinations of anti-CD2 mAb.

1993 • 42 citations

Lymphocyte activation and effector functions

1992 • 38 citations

Lymphoma models for B cell activation and tolerance. VI. Reversal of anti-Ig-mediated negative signaling by T cell-derived lymphokines.

1987 • 36 citations

B-lineage differentiation in normal and transformed cells and the microenvironment that supports it

1994 • 35 citations

The lymphocyte-specific tyrosine protein kinase p56lck is endocytosed in Jurkat cells stimulated via CD2.

1992 • 34 citations

Mutual cell interactions and the selection of immune repertoires

1988 • 34 citations

Characterization of a novel CD2+ human thymic B cell subset.

1993 • 32 citations

Association of CD2 with tubulin. Evidence for a role of the cytoskeleton in T cell activation.

1993 • 31 citations

Cross‐linking of surface IgM or IgD causes differential biological effects in spite of overlap in tyrosine (de)phosphorylation profile

1992 • 29 citations

ABOLITION OF THE EFFECT OF CYCLOSPORINE ON RAT CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT REJECTION BY THE NEW IMMUNOMODULATOR LS-2616 (LINOMIDE)

1989 • 28 citations

A Single Injection of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B Reduces Autoimmunity in MRL/lpr Mice

1994 • 27 citations

Protein kinase C isoenzymes display differential affinity for phorbol esters. Analysis of phorbol ester receptors in B cell differentiation.

1992 • 25 citations

Early signals in alloantigen induced B-cell proliferation. Comparison between B-cell triggering by intact allogeneic cells and solubilized alloantigen.

1993 • 25 citations

Elevated levels of protein kinase C activity and alpha-isoenzyme expression in murine peritoneal B cells.

1991 • 24 citations

CD2 expression in murine B cell lineage

1989 • 23 citations

Expression of the CD2 molecule on human B lymphoid progenitors

1992 • 23 citations

Rat Splenocytes Inhibit Antigen-Specific Lymphocyte Proliferation through a Reactive Nitrogen Intermediate (RNI)-Dependent Mechanism and Exhibit Increased RNI Production in Response to IFN-γ

1993 • 20 citations

Different patterns of inositol polyphosphate production are seen in B lymphocytes after cross-linking of sIg by anti-Ig antibody or by a multivalent anti-Ig antibody dextran conjugate.

1989 • 20 citations

B Cell Differentiation

1993 • 19 citations

Amelioration of intrathymic T cell development and peripheral T cell reactivities in autoimmune mice undergoing therapy with a novel immunomodulator

1990 • 18 citations

The B cell antigen receptor in B-cell development

1994 • 17 citations

Functional double‐negative T cells in the periphery express T cell receptor Vβ gene products that cause deletion of single‐positive T cells

1993 • 16 citations

CD2‐CD48 interaction prevents apoptosis in murine B lymphocytes by up‐regulating bcl‐2 expression

1994 • 16 citations

Lymphoma models for B-cell activation and tolerance

1991 • 15 citations

B cell triggering by bacterial lipopeptide involves both translocation and activation of the membrane-bound form of protein kinase C.

1991 • 13 citations

Clonal deletion and anergy: from models to reality

1992 • 11 citations

CD2: a functional adhesion molecule on murine B cells, involved in interleukin‐4‐induced aggregation

1993 • 10 citations

Cross‐talk between B cell surface immunoglobulin and interleukin 4 receptors: the role of protein kinase C and Ca²⁺‐mediated signals

1990 • 9 citations

Prevention of B cell clonal deletion and anergy by activated T cells and their lymphokines.

1992 • 9 citations

Gene targeting and its application to the study of B-cell development

1994 • 9 citations

Lymphocyte development editorial overview

1991 • 7 citations

Costimulation of cAMP and Protein Kinase C Pathways Inhibits the CD3-Dependent T Cell Activation and Leads to a Persistent Expression of the AP-1 Transcription Factor

1993 • 6 citations

Lack of evidence for central T cell tolerance defectsin lupus mice and for Vβ-deleting endogenous superantigens in rats and humans

1992 • 5 citations