Regulation of apoptosis in the immune system

Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programed cell death

1993 • 6,009 citations

Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death

1990 • 3,817 citations

Bcl-2 functions in an antioxidant pathway to prevent apoptosis

1993 • 3,465 citations

bcl-x, a bcl-2-related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death

1993 • 3,111 citations

Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis

1992 • 2,932 citations

p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes

1993 • 2,911 citations

Induced expression of PD-1, a novel member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, upon programmed cell death.

1992 • 2,906 citations

The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis

1991 • 2,815 citations

Molecular cloning and expression of the fas ligand, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor family

1993 • 2,546 citations

Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and independent pathways

1993 • 2,322 citations

Induction by Antigen of Intrathymic Apoptosis of CD4 ⁺ CD8 ⁺ TCR ^lo Thymocytes in Vivo

1990 • 1,781 citations

Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Tumor Regression by Induction of Apoptosis

1989 • 1,739 citations

Tolerance in T-cell-receptor transgenic mice involves deletion of nonmature CD4+8+ thymocytes

1988 • 1,711 citations

Altered immunoglobulin expression and functional silencing of self-reactive B lymphocytes in transgenic mice

1988 • 1,562 citations

A cell-killing monoclonal antibody (anti-Fas) to a cell surface antigen co-downregulated with the receptor of tumor necrosis factor.

1989 • 1,436 citations

A novel domain within the 55 kd TNF receptor signals cell death

1993 • 1,302 citations

BCL2 protein is topographically restricted in tissues characterized by apoptotic cell death.

1991 • 1,301 citations

bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes

1991 • 1,223 citations

Virus persistence in acutely infected immunocompetent mice by exhaustion of antiviral cytotoxic effector T cells

1993 • 1,219 citations

Lpr and gld: Single Gene Models of Systemic Autoimmunity and Lymphoproliferative Disease

1991 • 1,185 citations

Antibodies to CD3/T-cell receptor complex induce death by apoptosis in immature T cells in thymic cultures

1989 • 1,159 citations

Mutations in T-cell antigen receptor genes α and β block thymocyte development at different stages

1992 • 1,116 citations

Mechanism of antigen-driven selection in germinal centres

1989 • 1,097 citations

bcl-2 transgene inhibits T cell death and perturbs thymic self-censorship

1991 • 1,090 citations

Molecular and biological characterization of a murine ligand for CD40

1992 • 1,029 citations

lnterleukin-2 programs mouse αβ T lymphocytes for apoptosis

1991 • 1,027 citations

Clonal deletion of B lymphocytes in a transgenic mouse bearing anti-MHC class I antibody genes

1989 • 1,015 citations

MCL1, a gene expressed in programmed myeloid cell differentiation, has sequence similarity to BCL2.

1993 • 959 citations

Programmed Death of T Cells in HIV-1 Infection

1992 • 932 citations

Activation-induced death by apoptosis in CD4+ T cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic individuals.

1992 • 907 citations

Extrathymic tolerance of mature T cells: Clonal elimination as a consequence of immunity

1990 • 904 citations

Purification and molecular cloning of the APO-1 cell surface antigen, a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily. Sequence identity with the Fas antigen.

1992 • 857 citations

The cDNA structure, expression, and chromosomal assignment of the mouse Fas antigen.

1992 • 839 citations

Fas involvement in Ca(2+)-independent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

1993 • 801 citations

Role for c-myc in Activation-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in T Cell Hybridomas

1992 • 705 citations

Crosslinking CD4 by human immunodeficiency virus gp120 primes T cells for activation-induced apoptosis.

1992 • 689 citations

Programmed cell death and extrathymic reduction of Vβ8+CD4+ T cells in mice tolerant to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B

1991 • 675 citations

Peripheral Selection of the T Cell Repertoire

1991 • 666 citations

Constitutive and induced expression of APO-1, a new member of the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, in normal and neoplastic cells.

1993 • 643 citations

Requirement for the orphan steroid receptor Nur77 in apoptosis of T-cell hybridomas

1994 • 571 citations

Apoptotic signals delivered through the T-cell receptor of a T-cell hybrid require the immediate–early gene nur77

1994 • 551 citations

Fas transduces activation signals in normal human T lymphocytes.

1993 • 521 citations

Cellular Mechanisms of Immunologic Tolerance

1983 • 521 citations

Elimination of self-reactive B lymphocytes proceeds in two stages: Arrested development and cell death

1993 • 514 citations

Cyclosporin A inhibits activation-induced cell death in T-cell hybridomas and thymocytes

1989 • 513 citations

Aberrant transcription caused by the insertion of an early transposable element in an intron of the Fas antigen gene of lpr mice.

1993 • 506 citations

Activation interferes with the APO-1 pathway in mature human T cells

1993 • 466 citations

Clonal anergy induced in mature Vβ6+ T lymphocytes on immunizing Mls-1b mice with Mls-1a expressing cells

1989 • 462 citations

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -Dioxin Kills Immature Thymocytes by Ca ²⁺ -Mediated Endonuclease Activation

1988 • 460 citations

Germinal center cells express bcl‐2 protein after activation by signals which prevent their entry into apoptosis

1991 • 446 citations

Effect of bcl-2 on Fas antigen-mediated cell death.

1993 • 442 citations

Mature T cells of autoimmune lpr/lpr mice have a defect in antigen-stimulated suicide.

1993 • 410 citations

Disappearance of the Lymphoid System in Bcl-2 Homozygous Mutant Chimeric Mice

1993 • 402 citations

Expression and involvement of c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes in programmed cell death induced by growth factor deprivation in lymphoid cell lines.

1992 • 401 citations

Programmed cell death, apoptosis and killer genes

1993 • 396 citations

DNA fragmentation and cell death is selectively triggered in activated human lymphocytes by Fas antigen engagement

1992 • 392 citations

B-cell apoptosis induced by antigen receptor crosslinking is blocked by a T-cell signal through CD40

1993 • 390 citations

Death of mature T cells by separate ligation of CD4 and the T-cell receptor for antigen

1990 • 375 citations

Interferon gamma plays a critical role in induced cell death of effector T cell: a possible third mechanism of self-tolerance.

1990 • 372 citations

Inhibition of antigen-specific proliferation of type 1 murine T cell clones after stimulation with immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody.

1990 • 360 citations

The significance of low bcl-2 expression by CD45RO T cells in normal individuals and patients with acute viral infections. The role of apoptosis in T cell memory.

1993 • 350 citations

Characterization of A1, a novel hemopoietic-specific early-response gene with sequence similarity to bcl-2.

1993 • 336 citations

Programmed T lymphocyte death. Cell activation- and steroid-induced pathways are mutually antagonistic.

1990 • 319 citations

Calcium-dependent killing of immature thymocytes by stimulation via the CD3/T cell receptor complex.

1989 • 315 citations

Expression of the Bcl-2 protein in murine and human thymocytes and in peripheral T lymphocytes.

1993 • 286 citations

Identification of mRNAs Associated with Programmed Cell Death in Immature Thymocytes

1991 • 286 citations

Induction of apoptosis by monoclonal antibody anti-APO-1 class switch variants is dependent on cross-linking of APO-1 cell surface antigens.

1992 • 282 citations

Antigen-induced apoptotic death of Ly-1 B cells responsible for autoimmune disease in transgenic mice

1992 • 281 citations

Bone marrow-derived stromal cells prevent apoptotic cell death in B- lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia

1992 • 265 citations

Recombinant 25‐kDa CD23 and interleukin 1α promote the survival of germinal center B cells: evidence for bifurcation in the development of centrocytes rescued from apoptosis

1991 • 264 citations

Receptor-stimulated death pathway is opened by antigen in mature T cells.

1991 • 255 citations

Anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies induce apoptosis in immature B cell lymphomas

1990 • 253 citations

Propriocidal apoptosis of mature T lymphocytes occurs at S phase of the cell cycle

1993 • 252 citations

Clonal deletion of immature CD4+8+ thymocytes in suspension culture by extrathymic antigen-presenting cells

1991 • 249 citations

Clonal deletion of autoreactive B lymphocytes in bone marrow chimeras.

1989 • 245 citations

Identification of mRNAs associated with programmed cell death in immature thymocytes.

1991 • 242 citations

Activation of a suicide process of thymocytes through DNA fragmentation by calcium ionophores and phorbol esters.

1989 • 242 citations

The defect in Fas mRNA expression in MRL/lpr mice is associated with insertion of the retrotransposon, ETn.

1993 • 241 citations

Anti‐immunoglobulins induce death by apoptosis in WEHI‐231 B lymphoma cells

1990 • 239 citations

T-cell tolerance by clonal anergy in transgenic mice with nonlymphoid expression of MHC class II I–E

1989 • 238 citations

Follicular dendritic cell-dependent adhesion and proliferation of B cells in vitro.

1992 • 235 citations

Activation of human B lymphocytes through CD40 and interleukin 4

1989 • 227 citations

Programmed death of autoreactive thymocytes

1990 • 224 citations

Bcl-2 maintains B cell memory

1991 • 219 citations

Bcl-2: a repressor of lymphocyte death

1992 • 217 citations

The Fas protein is expressed at high levels on CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and activated mature lymphocytes in normal mice but not in the lupus-prone strain, MRL lpr/lpr.

1993 • 210 citations

Maturation and Dispersal of B‐Cell Clones during T Cell‐Dependent Antibody Responses

1992 • 206 citations

Apoptotic cell death of primed CD45RO+ T lymphocytes in Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis

1992 • 205 citations

Activation-induced cell death in T cell hybridomas is due to apoptosis. Morphologic aspects and DNA fragmentation.

1990 • 201 citations

Rescue of thymocytes and T cell hybridomas from glucocorticoid‐induced apoptosis by stimulation via the T cell receptor/CD3 complex: a possible in vitro model for positive selection of the T cell repertoire

1991 • 199 citations

CD77: an antigen of germinal center B cells entering apoptosis

1991 • 189 citations

Induction of DNA fragmentation in chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia cells.

1991 • 189 citations

Thymic selection: a matter of life and death

1992 • 184 citations

Inhibition of thymocyte apoptosis and negative antigenic selection in bcl-2 transgenic mice.

1992 • 181 citations

Suppression of apoptosis in normal and neoplastic human B lymphocytes by CD40 ligand is independent of Bcl‐2 induction

1993 • 180 citations

APO‐1 mediated apoptosis or proliferation in human chronic B lymphocytic leukemia: Correlation with bcl‐2 oncogene expression

1993 • 178 citations

In vivo and in vitro clonal deletion of double-positive thymocytes.

1992 • 172 citations

T cell receptor/CD3-signaling induces death by apoptosis in human T cell receptor gamma delta + T cells.

1991 • 167 citations

Regulation of Human B-Cell Activation and Adhesion

1991 • 161 citations

Selection of the T cell receptor repertoire in Lpr mice.

1993 • 155 citations

Programmed cell death by bcl-2-dependent and independent mechanisms in B lymphoma cells.

1993 • 147 citations

Positive and negative selection of T cells in T-cellreceptor transgenic mice expressing a bcl-2 transgene.

1994 • 147 citations

Development and follicular localization of tolerant B lymphocytes in lysozyme/anti-lysozyme lgM/lgD transgenic mice

1992 • 147 citations

Autoimmune gld mutation uncouples suicide and cytokine/proliferation pathways in activated, mature T cells

1993 • 146 citations

Monoclonal-antibody-mediated apoptosis in adult T-cell leukaemia

1990 • 146 citations

Two signals are required for negative selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes.

1993 • 143 citations

Rescue from anti-IgM-induced programmed cell death by the B cell surface proteins CD20 and CD40

1992 • 142 citations

Differences defined by bone marrow transplantation suggest that lpr and gld are mutations of genes encoding an interacting pair of molecules.

1990 • 133 citations

A possible role for bcl-2 in regulating T-cell memory - a ‘balancing act’ between cell death and survival

1993 • 131 citations

APO-1-induced apoptosis of leukemia cells from patients with adult T- cell leukemia

1993 • 131 citations

Transgenic T cell receptor interactions in the lymphoproliferative and autoimmune syndromes of lpr and gld mutant mice

1992 • 130 citations

Retinoic acids inhibit activation-induced apoptosis in T cell hybridomas and thymocytes.

1992 • 129 citations

9-cis-retinoic acid inhibits activation-driven T-cell apoptosis: implications for retinoid X receptor involvement in thymocyte development.

1993 • 124 citations

Activation-driven T cell death. II. Quantitative differences alone distinguish stimuli triggering nontransformed T cell proliferation or death.

1992 • 120 citations

Direct evidence that human follicular dendritic cells (FDC) rescue germinal centre B cells from death by apoptosis

1993 • 117 citations

The bcl-2 gene product inhibits clonal deletion of self-reactive B lymphocytes in the periphery but not in the bone marrow.

1993 • 115 citations

CD3‐mediated apoptosis of human medullary thymocytes and activated peripheral T cells: Respective roles of interleukin‐1, interleukin‐2, interferon‐γ and accessory cells

1993 • 113 citations

The cell cycle block and lysis of an activated T cell hybridoma are distinct processes with different Ca2+ requirements and sensitivity to cyclosporine A.

1989 • 110 citations

A subset of anti‐CD21 antibodies promote the rescue of germinal center B cells from apoptosis

1993 • 109 citations

Coregulation of the APO-1 antigen with intercellular adhesion molecule- 1 (CD54) in tonsillar B cells and coordinate expression in follicular center B cells and in follicle center and mediastinal B-cell lymphomas

1993 • 107 citations

Clonal anergy: the universally anergic B lymphocyte.

1982 • 103 citations

Expression of the APO-1 antigen in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines correlates with a shift towards a lymphoblastoid phenotype

1992 • 97 citations

Abnormal thymocyte development and production of autoreactive T cells in T cell receptor transgenic autoimmune mice.

1991 • 97 citations

IL-2 protects against anti-CD3-induced cell death in human medullary thymocytes.

1990 • 96 citations

A role for immunoglobulin D: interference with tolerance induction

1993 • 91 citations

Cellular and peptide requirements for in vitro clonal deletion of immature thymocytes.

1992 • 90 citations

Assignment of the human fas antigen gene (FAS) to 10q24.1

1992 • 86 citations

Interleukin-4 protects double-negative and CD4 single-positive thymocytes from dexamethasone-induced apoptosis

1993 • 86 citations

Ligand thresholds at different stages of T cell development

1990 • 84 citations

CD2-CD4-CD8- lymph node T lymphocytes in MRL lpr/lpr mice are derived from a CD2+CD4+CD8+ thymic precursor.

1993 • 82 citations

Fibroblasts mediate T cell survival: a proposed mechanism for retention of primed T cells.

1990 • 76 citations

Anti-IgM antibody-induced cell death in a human B lymphoma cell line, B104, represents a novel programmed cell death.

1992 • 73 citations

In Vivo Calcium Elevations in Thymocytes with T Cell Receptors That Are Specific for Self Ligands

1992 • 72 citations

Signaling for death of lymphoid cells

1993 • 71 citations

Dna fragmentation and cell death mediated by t cell antigen receptor/cd3 complex on a leukemia t cell line^*

1989 • 70 citations

Cell death by apoptosis in acute leukaemia

1989 • 69 citations

Differential expression of APO‐1 on human thymocytes: Implications for negative selection?

1994 • 67 citations

Double-negative T cells from MRL-lpr/lpr mice mediate cytolytic activity when triggered through adhesion molecules and constitutively express perforin gene.

1993 • 65 citations

Transgenic rearranged T cell receptor gene inhibits lymphadenopathy and accumulation of CD4-CD8-B220+ T cells in lpr/lpr mice.

1990 • 64 citations

Factors modifying survival pathways of germinal center B cells. Glucocorticoids and transforming growth factor‐β, but not cyclosporin A or anti‐CD19, block surface immunoglobulin‐mediated rescue from apoptosis

1992 • 61 citations

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of B Lymphocyte Tolerance

1992 • 61 citations

Development of αβ T cells

1993 • 56 citations

Activation-induced apoptosis in lymphoid systems.

1992 • 53 citations

Superantigen-driven peripheral deletion of T cells. Apoptosis occurs in cells that have lost the alpha/beta T cell receptor.

1993 • 52 citations

Activation with superantigens induces programmed death in antigen‐primed CD4⁺ class II⁺ major histocompatibility complex T lymphocytes via a CD11a/CD18‐dependent mechanism

1993 • 51 citations

Glucocorticosteroids induce DNA fragmentation in human lymphoid leukemia cells

1988 • 49 citations

The human APO-1 (APT) antigen maps to 10q23, a region that is syntenic with mouse chromosome 19

1992 • 49 citations

No Requirement for p56^lckin the Antigen-Stimulated Clonal Deletion of Thymocytes

1992 • 40 citations

Cross‐linking of surface IgM or IgD causes differential biological effects in spite of overlap in tyrosine (de)phosphorylation profile

1992 • 29 citations

Agents that activate protein kinase C rescue sheep ileal Peyer's patch B cells from apoptosis

1993 • 28 citations

The involvement of protein kinase C in activation-induced cell death in T-cell hybridoma

1992 • 26 citations

When apoptosis fails

1992 • 24 citations

Differential response of malignant human B-cells to anti-IgM immunoglobulin (anti-mu) and B-cell growth factor: unique direct cytotoxicity of anti-mu on prolymphocytic leukemia cells

1990 • 15 citations

Apoptosis induction in CD5+(Ly1+) malignant B cells.

1993 • 7 citations