Mechanisms of action of arsenic trioxide.

Bilirubin Is an Antioxidant of Possible Physiological Importance

1987 • 3,406 citations

Use of Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3 ) in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL): II. Clinical Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics in Relapsed Patients

1997 • 1,431 citations

The t(15;17) translocation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia fuses the retinoic acid receptor α gene to a novel transcribed locus

1990 • 1,349 citations

Microsomal Heme Oxygenase

1969 • 1,348 citations

Complete Remission after Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with Arsenic Trioxide

1998 • 1,220 citations

In vitro studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: As2O3 induces NB4 cell apoptosis with downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and modulation of PML-RAR alpha/PML proteins

1996 • 843 citations

PML regulates p53 acetylation and premature senescence induced by oncogenic Ras

2000 • 826 citations

United States Multicenter Study of Arsenic Trioxide in Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

2001 • 825 citations

Use of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) : I. As2O3 exerts dose-dependent dual effects on APL cells

1997 • 808 citations

A novel macromolecular structure is a target of the promyelocyte-retinoic acid receptor oncoprotein

1994 • 798 citations

Bilirubin, formed by activation of heme oxygenase-2, protects neurons against oxidative stress injury

1999 • 694 citations

Molecular Analysis of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Breakpoint Cluster Region on Chromosome 17

1990 • 650 citations

Induction of heme oxygenase: a general response to oxidant stress in cultured mammalian cells.

1991 • 635 citations

Studies on Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia With Arsenic Trioxide: Remission Induction, Follow-Up, and Molecular Monitoring in 11 Newly Diagnosed and 47 Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Patients

1999 • 630 citations

Pml is essential for multiple apoptotic pathways

1998 • 564 citations

Arsenic Trioxide Selectively Induces Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Apoptosis Via a Hydrogen Peroxide-Dependent Pathway

1999 • 539 citations

Malignant Cells Can Be Sensitized to Undergo Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis by Arsenic Trioxide Through Modulation of the Glutathione Redox System

1999 • 538 citations

Use of arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) in the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia

2003 • 496 citations

Involvement of reactive oxygen species and caspase 3 activation in arsenite-induced apoptosis

1998 • 473 citations

The function of PML in p53-dependent apoptosis

2000 • 464 citations

Arsenic-induced PML targeting onto nuclear bodies: Implications for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia

1997 • 430 citations

The tumor promoter arsenite stimulates AP-1 activity by inhibiting a JNK phosphatase.

1996 • 419 citations

Pharmacologic shifting of a balance between protein refolding and degradation mediated by Hsp90

1996 • 406 citations

PML induces a novel caspase-independent death process

1998 • 384 citations

Arsenic Trioxide as an Inducer of Apoptosis and Loss of PML/RARα Protein in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells

1998 • 355 citations

Redox Signaling and the Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Thiol Antioxidants

1998 • 355 citations

Inhibition of NF-κB Activation by Arsenite through Reaction with a Critical Cysteine in the Activation Loop of IκB Kinase

2000 • 353 citations

Metal carcinogenesis: Mechanistic implications

1992 • 348 citations

Arsenic trioxide-mediated growth inhibition in MC/CAR myeloma cells via cell cycle arrest in association with induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, and apoptosis.

2000 • 326 citations

Mitochondrial oxidative stress after carbon monoxide hypoxia in the rat brain.

1992 • 325 citations

Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Synergize to Eradicate Leukemic Cells in a Mouse Model of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

1999 • 308 citations

Comparative Inhibition of Yeast Glutathione Reductase by Arsenicals and Arsenothiols

1997 • 302 citations

Bcl-2 expression causes redistribution of glutathione to the nucleus

1998 • 297 citations

PML, a growth suppressor disrupted in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

1994 • 296 citations

Apoptosis and Growth Inhibition in Malignant Lymphocytes After Treatment With Arsenic Trioxide at Clinically Achievable Concentrations

1999 • 281 citations

MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF ARSENIC STRESS

2000 • 276 citations

Ascorbic acid enhances arsenic trioxide–induced cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma cells

2001 • 275 citations

Human Daxx regulates Fas-induced apoptosis from nuclear PML oncogenic domains (PODs)

1999 • 273 citations

Arsenic trioxide induces dose- and time-dependent apoptosis of endothelium and may exert an antileukemic effect via inhibition of angiogenesis

2000 • 271 citations

Heme oxygenase-1: role in brain aging and neurodegeneration

2000 • 268 citations

Rapid induction of heme oxygenase 1 mRNA and protein by hyperthermia in rat brain: heme oxygenase 2 is not a heat shock protein.

1991 • 267 citations

Proteasome Inhibition: a New Strategy in Cancer Treatment

2000 • 252 citations

Arsenic Trioxide and Melarsoprol Induce Programmed Cell Death in Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines and Function in a PML and PML-RAR Independent Manner

1998 • 228 citations

Clinical Trials of Arsenic Trioxide in Hematologic and Solid Tumors: Overview of the National Cancer Institute Cooperative Research and Development Studies

2001 • 213 citations

Arsenic targets tubulins to induce apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells.

1999 • 208 citations

Arsenic Species That Cause Release of Iron from Ferritin and Generation of Activated Oxygen

2000 • 208 citations

Combined effect of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo

2001 • 205 citations

Stress-Related Gene Expression in Mice Treated with Inorganic Arsenicals

2001 • 198 citations

Arsenic mediates cell proliferation and gene expression in the bladder epithelium: association with activating protein-1 transactivation.

2000 • 196 citations

Heat-induced Chaperone Activity of HSP90

1996 • 194 citations

Retinoic acid (RA) and As ₂ O ₃ treatment in transgenic models of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) unravel the distinct nature of the leukemogenic process induced by the PML-RARα and PLZF-RARα oncoproteins

2000 • 193 citations

Arsenic trioxide-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in prostate and ovarian carcinoma cell lines.

2000 • 191 citations

Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma cell lines through the activation of caspase 3 in vitro

1999 • 188 citations

Arsenic toxicity is enzyme specific and its affects on ligation are not caused by the direct inhibition of DNA repair enzymes

1998 • 184 citations

Arsenic Trioxide and Interferon- Synergize to Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I–Transformed Cells

1999 • 181 citations

Caspases Mediate Retinoic Acid–Induced Degradation of the Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia PML/RARα Fusion Protein

1998 • 172 citations

Activation of the EGF receptor signaling pathway in human airway epithelial cells exposed to metals

1999 • 167 citations

Arsenic-interferon-α–triggered apoptosis in HTLV-I transformed cells is associated with Tax down-regulation and reversal of NF-κB activation

2000 • 146 citations

Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 function by ansamycins causes the morphological and functional differentiation of breast cancer cells.

2001 • 145 citations

Arsenic trioxide inhibits growth of human multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment.

2002 • 144 citations

Arsenite induces p53 accumulation through an ATM-dependent pathway in human fibroblasts.

2000 • 142 citations

Effects of Arsenite on Estrogen Receptor-α Expression and Activity in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells¹

2000 • 138 citations

The PML gene encodes a phosphoprotein associated with the nuclear matrix

1995 • 136 citations

Arsenic trioxide causes selective necrosis in solid murine tumors by vascular shutdown.

1999 • 136 citations

Characterization of the enzyme

1994 • 134 citations

Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells through up‐regulation of P53 and activation of caspase‐3

2001 • 133 citations

Glutathione peroxidase and catalase modulate the genotoxicity of arsenite

1997 • 132 citations

Arsenic induces apoptosis in B‐cell leukaemic cell lines in vitro: activation of caspases and down‐regulation of Bcl‐2 protein

1998 • 129 citations

Mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenicity: genetic or epigenetic mechanisms?

2000 • 128 citations

Arsenite Induces Apoptosis of Murine T Lymphocytes Through Membrane Raft-Linked Signaling for Activation of c-Jun Amino-Terminal Kinase

2000 • 122 citations

Involvement of CD95-independent caspase 8 activation in arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis

2000 • 121 citations

Arsenic inhibition of telomerase transcription leads to genetic instability

2001 • 121 citations

Arsenic carcinogenesis in animals and in humans: Mechanistic, experimental, and epidemiological evidence

1997 • 114 citations

Arsenic and cancer.

1975 • 112 citations

Comparative Activity of Melarsoprol and Arsenic Trioxide in Chronic B-Cell Leukemia Lines

1997 • 112 citations

Mechanism of inhibition of trypanothione reductase and glutathione reductase by trivalent organic arsenicals

1994 • 105 citations

Co-treatment with As2O3 enhances selective cytotoxic effects of STI-571 against Bcr-Abl-positive acute leukemia cells

2001 • 104 citations

PIC-1/SUMO-1-Modified PML-Retinoic Acid Receptor α Mediates Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Apoptosis in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

1999 • 104 citations

Opposite Effect of NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase on p53-independent GADD45 Induction by Arsenite

2001 • 102 citations

Tyrosine Phosphatases as Targets in Metal-Induced Signaling in Human Airway Epithelial Cells

1999 • 98 citations

Medicinal arsenic and internal malignancies

1982 • 96 citations

Clinical trials referral resource.

1990 • 96 citations

Possible roles of nitric oxide and redox cell signaling in metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis: a review.

2000 • 89 citations

Effect of As2O3 on gluconeogenesis

1988 • 89 citations

Signal transduction pathways regulated by arsenate and arsenite

1999 • 87 citations

The alteration of mitochondria is an early event of arsenic trioxide induced apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cells.

2000 • 86 citations

Reactive Cysteines of the 90-kDa Heat Shock Protein, Hsp90

2000 • 86 citations

Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis of myeloid leukemia cells by activation of caspases

1999 • 81 citations

BCR-ABL mediates arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis independently of its aberrant kinase activity.

2000 • 77 citations

Arsenite induces DNA-protein crosslinks and cytokeratin expression in the WRL-68 human hepatic cell line

2000 • 75 citations

Differential cytotoxic effects of arsenic on human and animal cells.

1994 • 75 citations

Constitutive Degradation of PML/RAR Through the Proteasome Pathway Mediates Retinoic Acid Resistance

1999 • 72 citations

Arsenic-Induced Apoptosis in Malignant CellsIn vitro

2000 • 72 citations

Arsenic trioxide and ascorbic acid: synergy with potential implications for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia?

2001 • 71 citations

Inhibition of mitochondrial energy-linked functions by arsenate. Evidence for a nonhydrolytic mode of inhibitor action

1971 • 69 citations

Newer Developments in Arsenic Toxicity

1989 • 67 citations

Human Lymphocyte Heme Oxygenase 1 as a Response Biomarker to Inorganic Arsenic

1998 • 66 citations

Dithiothreitol Enhances Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Apoptosis in NB4 Cells

1999 • 61 citations

Arsenic and old myths.

1994 • 50 citations

Activation of PKC is required for arsenite-induced signal transduction.

2000 • 46 citations

Therapeutic mule: the use of arsenic in the nineteenth century materia medica.

1975 • 41 citations

Differential effects of the reversible thiol-reactive agents arsenite and methyl methanethiosulfonate on steroid binding by the glucocorticoid receptor

1993 • 38 citations

Arsenic Trioxide and the Growth of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I Infected T-cell Lines

2000 • 28 citations

Zinc Reversibly Inhibits Steroid Binding to Murine Glucocorticoid Receptor

1997 • 27 citations

Mechanism of protein kinase CK2 association with nuclear matrix: Role of disulfide bond formation

1998 • 27 citations

Osmotic regulation of the heat shock response in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells

1999 • 24 citations

More Than a Coincidence? The Arrival of Arsenic and the Disappearance of Plague in Early Modern Europe

1992 • 23 citations

Folic acid protects SWV/Fnn embryo fibroblasts against arsenic toxicity

2000 • 23 citations

As2O3 induces apoptosis of the human B lymphoma cell line MBC-1.

2000 • 22 citations

Disruption of Cell–Substrate Adhesion Activates the Protein Tyrosine Kinase pp60c-src

2000 • 16 citations

Arsenite inhibits Ras-dependent activation of ERK but activates ERK in the presence of oncogenic Ras in baboon vascular smooth muscle cells.

2001 • 13 citations

Selenium antagonizes the induction of human heme oxygenase by arsenite and cadmium ions.

1991 • 11 citations

Clinical trials referral resource. Clinical trials with arsenic trioxide.

2000 • 11 citations