Emerging Perspectives on Essential Amino Acid Metabolism in Obesity and the Insulin-Resistant State

Anorexigenic and Orexigenic Hormone Modulation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Activity and the Regulation of Hypothalamic Agouti-Related Protein mRNA Expression

2012 • 3,329 citations

Metabolite profiles and the risk of developing diabetes

2011 • 2,803 citations

A Branched-Chain Amino Acid-Related Metabolic Signature that Differentiates Obese and Lean Humans and Contributes to Insulin Resistance

2009 • 2,794 citations

Impaired Mitochondrial Activity in the Insulin-Resistant Offspring of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2004 • 2,151 citations

Mitochondrial Overload and Incomplete Fatty Acid Oxidation Contribute to Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance

2008 • 1,814 citations

Regulation of adiposity by dietary calcium

2000 • 988 citations

Deficiency of Subsarcolemmal Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

2005 • 859 citations

Reduced mitochondrial density and increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in muscle of insulin-resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic parents

2005 • 794 citations

Plasma Amino Acid Levels and Insulin Secretion in Obesity

1969 • 772 citations

α-Hydroxybutyrate Is an Early Biomarker of Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance in a Nondiabetic Population

2010 • 624 citations

Mitochondrial Respiration Is Decreased in Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

2007 • 557 citations

Plasma Acylcarnitine Profiles Suggest Incomplete Long-Chain Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Altered Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Activity in Type 2 Diabetic African-American Women

2009 • 552 citations

Amino Acid and Insulin Signaling via the mTOR/p70 S6 Kinase Pathway

2001 • 529 citations

Branched-Chain Amino Acids: Enzyme and Substrate Regulation

2006 • 522 citations

Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Promotes Survival and Supports Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Middle-Aged Mice

2010 • 516 citations

Increasing Dietary Leucine Intake Reduces Diet-Induced Obesity and Improves Glucose and Cholesterol Metabolism in Mice via Multimechanisms

2007 • 507 citations

Obesity-related elevations in plasma leucine are associated with alterations in enzymes involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism

2007 • 464 citations

Insulin resistance is associated with a metabolic profile of altered protein metabolism in Chinese and Asian-Indian men

2010 • 446 citations

Impaired Mitochondrial Substrate Oxidation in Muscle of Insulin-Resistant Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2007 • 440 citations

Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity by reversible phosphorylation

2003 • 430 citations

A metabolomic comparison of urinary changes in type 2 diabetes in mouse, rat, and human

2006 • 401 citations

Relationships Between Circulating Metabolic Intermediates and Insulin Action in Overweight to Obese, Inactive Men and Women

2009 • 399 citations

An increase in dietary protein improves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes

2003 • 398 citations

Plasma Metabolomic Profiles Reflective of Glucose Homeostasis in Non-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Obese African-American Women

2010 • 397 citations

Nutrients Suppress Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling via Raptor-Dependent mTOR-Mediated Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Phosphorylation

2005 • 395 citations

Metabolic profiling of the human response to a glucose challenge reveals distinct axes of insulin sensitivity

2008 • 388 citations

A molecular model of human branched-chain amino acid metabolism

1998 • 386 citations

Differential Metabolic Impact of Gastric Bypass Surgery Versus Dietary Intervention in Obese Diabetic Subjects Despite Identical Weight Loss

2011 • 368 citations

Adipose Tissue Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Metabolism Modulates Circulating BCAA Levels

2010 • 353 citations

Purification and characterization of branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex of bovine kidney

1978 • 280 citations

Dietary Leucine - An Environmental Modifier of Insulin Resistance Acting on Multiple Levels of Metabolism

2011 • 261 citations

Body composition phenotypes in pathways to obesity and the metabolic syndrome

2010 • 255 citations

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for metabonomics: Biomarker discovery for diabetes mellitus

2008 • 237 citations

Increased Fructose Concentrations in Blood and Urine in Patients With Diabetes

2002 • 231 citations

Starvation in the rat. II. Effect of age and obesity on protein sparing and fuel metabolism

1980 • 225 citations

Protein phosphatase 2Cm is a critical regulator of branched-chain amino acid catabolism in mice and cultured cells

2009 • 206 citations

Plasma Amino Acid Levels and Insulin Secretion in Obesity

1970 • 188 citations

The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial

2011 • 185 citations

Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial

2004 • 176 citations

Insulin Resistance of Protein Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes

2007 • 176 citations

Regulation of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase

1984 • 175 citations

Influence of dietary deprivations on plasma concentration of free amino acids of man.

1968 • 174 citations

Coinduction of Rat Liver Branched Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Activities

1970 • 171 citations

Mechanisms of human insulin resistance and thiazolidinedione-mediated insulin sensitization

2009 • 171 citations

Changes in Basal and Insulin and Amino Acid Response of Whole Body and Skeletal Muscle Proteins in Obese Men

2009 • 165 citations

High Dietary Calcium Reduces Body Fat Content, Digestibility of Fat, and Serum Vitamin D in Rats

2003 • 163 citations

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase, Substrate Specificity and Product Inhibition

1969 • 161 citations

Effects of oral hypoglycemic agents and diet on protein metabolism in type 2 diabetes.

2000 • 158 citations

Lifestyle and cardiovascular disease risk factors as determinants of total cysteine in plasma: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study

1999 • 154 citations

Amino acid metabolism in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat: effects of insulin resistance and of type 2 diabetes

2004 • 153 citations

Effects of dairy compared with soy on oxidative and inflammatory stress in overweight and obese subjects

2009 • 146 citations

Homocysteine, cysteine, and body composition in the Hordaland Homocysteine Study: does cysteine link amino acid and lipid metabolism?

2008 • 144 citations

Synthesis Rate of Muscle Proteins, Muscle Functions, and Amino Acid Kinetics in Type 2 Diabetes

2002 • 142 citations

Isoleucine, a potent plasma glucose-lowering amino acid, stimulates glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes

2003 • 139 citations

Branched-chain amino acid catabolism: unique segregation of pathway enzymes in organ systems and peripheral nerves

2004 • 128 citations

Hydrogen sulfide from adipose tissue is a novel insulin resistance regulator

2009 • 123 citations

Effect of high protein vs high carbohydrate intake on insulin sensitivity, body weight, hemoglobin A1c, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2005 • 121 citations

Regulation of branched-chain amino acid catabolism: nutritional and hormonal regulation of activity and expression of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase

2001 • 120 citations

Selective amino acid deficiency in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes

2009 • 118 citations

Inverse relationship of leucine flux and oxidation to free fatty acid availability in vivo.

1986 • 110 citations

Homocysteine metabolism in diabetes

2007 • 104 citations

An Inborn Error of Metabolism with the Urinary Excretion of -Hydroxy-Butyric Acid and Phenylpyruvic Acid

1958 • 103 citations

Partial purification and properties of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase of ox liver

1978 • 102 citations

A Novel Branched-chain Amino Acid Metabolon

2007 • 102 citations

Effects of branched chain alpha-ketoacids on the metabolism of isolated rat liver cells. I. Regulation of branched chain alpha-ketoacid metabolism.

1979 • 102 citations

Activity state of the branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex in heart, liver, and kidney of normal, fasted, diabetic, and protein-starved rats

1983 • 99 citations

Chronic leucine supplementation improves glycemic control in etiologically distinct mouse models of obesity and diabetes mellitus

2010 • 95 citations

Determinants of Whole-Body Protein Metabolism in Subjects With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

2007 • 92 citations

How does ethnicity affect the association between obesity and diabetes?

2007 • 87 citations

Multi-tissue, selective PPARγ modulation of insulin sensitivity and metabolic pathways in obese rats

2010 • 82 citations

Pyridine Nucleotide Redox Abnormalities in Diabetes

2007 • 79 citations

Dietary Whey Protein Lowers the Risk for Metabolic Disease in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet,

2011 • 79 citations

Amino acids and leucine allow insulin activation of the PKB/mTOR pathway in normal adipocytes treated with wortmannin and in adipocytes fromdb/dbmice

2004 • 77 citations

Cellular localization and characterization of bovine liver branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenases

1972 • 74 citations

Effect of glycemic control on the kinetics of whole-body protein metabolism in obese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during iso- and hypoenergetic feeding

1997 • 72 citations

Leucine Metabolism in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

1986 • 70 citations

Clofibric acid stimulates branched-chain amino acid catabolism by three mechanisms

2002 • 68 citations

Mammalian α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes

1969 • 67 citations

Effect of NIDDM on the Kinetics of Whole-Body Protein Metabolism

1994 • 67 citations

Leucine and isoleucine activate skeletal muscle branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in vivo

1986 • 66 citations

Differential effects of insulin resistance on leucine and glucose kinetics in obesity

1991 • 66 citations

Regulation of Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Kinase Expression in Rat Liver

2001 • 65 citations

Regulation of branched-chain amino acid catabolism in rat models for spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus

2008 • 64 citations

The Association of Plasma Cysteine and γ‐Glutamyltransferase With BMI and Obesity

2009 • 62 citations

Role of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase in 2-oxobutyrate metabolism

1986 • 61 citations

Hyperglucagonemia in Rats Results in Decreased Plasma Homocysteine and Increased Flux through the Transsulfuration Pathway in Liver

2001 • 60 citations

Protein Sparing in Skeletal Muscle During Prolonged Starvation: Dependence on Lipid Fuel Availability

1987 • 59 citations

Effect of the LoBAG₃₀ diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes

2007 • 58 citations

Plasma metabolic fingerprinting of childhood obesity by GC/MS in conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis

2010 • 58 citations

High-calcium diet with whey protein attenuates body-weight gain in high-fat-fed C57Bl/6J mice

2007 • 56 citations

Sustained activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin nutrient sensing pathway is associated with hepatic insulin resistance, but not with steatosis, in mice

2006 • 56 citations

Insulin effect on leucine kinetics in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

2002 • 54 citations

Oxidative decarboxylation of 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate by branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex

1986 • 53 citations

Body weight and energy homeostasis was not affected in C57BL/6 mice fed high whey protein or leucine-supplemented low-fat diets

2010 • 52 citations

Predictors of Change in Plasma Total Cysteine: Longitudinal Findings from the Hordaland Homocysteine Study

2003 • 52 citations

Protein and energy metabolism in starvation reconsidered.

1988 • 50 citations

Investigation of the metabolic pattern in maple syrup urine disease by means of glass capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

1977 • 49 citations

Dietary calcium attenuation of body fat gain during high-fat feeding in mice

2007 • 49 citations

Dairy Protein Attenuates Weight Gain in Obese Rats Better Than Whey or Casein Alone

2009 • 49 citations

High blood ketone body concentration in Type 2 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients

1996 • 43 citations

Regulation of hepatic branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase in a rat model for type 2 diabetes mellitus at different stages of the disease

2010 • 43 citations

Effect of exogenous insulin on protein metabolism with differing nonprotein energy intakes in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

1998 • 43 citations

Identification of a novel PP2C-type mitochondrial phosphatase

2007 • 40 citations

Role of amino acids in insulin signaling in adipocytes and their potential to decrease insulin resistance of adipose tissue

2006 • 40 citations

Regulation of the activity of branched‐chain 2‐oxo acid dehydrogenase (BCODH) complex by binding BCODH kinase

2001 • 36 citations

Mechanism of Activation of Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complex by Exercise

2001 • 36 citations

Further decrease in glycated hemoglobin following ingestion of a LoBAG30 diet for 10 weeks compared to 5 weeks in people with untreated type 2 diabetes

2010 • 36 citations

Activation of rat liver branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase in vivo by glucagon and adrenaline

1985 • 35 citations

Activation of Liver Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase in Rats by Excesses of Dietary Amino Acids

1985 • 35 citations

Effect of Dietary Branched-chain α-Keto Acids on Hepatic Branched-chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase in the Rat

1977 • 33 citations

Insulin increases branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase expression in Clone 9 rat cells

2002 • 32 citations

α-Ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes and respiratory fuel utilisation in diabetes

1985 • 31 citations

Alteration in gene expression of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase but not in gene expression of its substrate in the liver of clofibrate-treated rats

1996 • 29 citations

Persulfide generated from L-cysteine inactivates tyrosine aminotransferase. Requirement for a protein with cysteine oxidase activity and gamma-cystathionase.

1988 • 29 citations

A cystine-dependent inactivator of tyrosine aminotransferase co-purifies with gamma-cystathionase (cystine desulfurase).

1987 • 27 citations

Disturbance of methyl group metabolism in alloxan-diabetic sheep.

1985 • 26 citations

Influence of dietary leucine content on the activities of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (EC2.6.1.42) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (EC1.2.4.4) complex in tissues of preruminant lambs

1988 • 26 citations

Effects on Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations and Hepatic Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Activity of Feeding Rats Diets Containing 9 or 50% Casein

1984 • 26 citations

Normal valine disposal in obese subjects with impaired glucose disposal: Evidence for selective insulin resistance

1981 • 24 citations

Kinetic characterization of branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

1991 • 22 citations

Decreased enzyme activity and contents of hepatic branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex subunits in a rat model for type 2 diabetes mellitus

2009 • 22 citations

Experimental diabetes increases the formation of sulfane by transsulfuration and inactivation of tyrosine aminotransferase in cytosols from rat liver

1989 • 22 citations

Loss of In Vitro Inactivation of Rat Liver Tyrosine Aminotransferase with Dietary Vitamin B6 Restriction

1978 • 21 citations

Postprandial Changes in Plasma Ketone Body and Carnitine Levels in Normal and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Subjects

1987 • 21 citations

Phosphorylation of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in isolated adipocytes. Effects of 2-oxo acids

1986 • 21 citations

High branched-chain alpha-keto acid intake, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase activity, and plasma and brain amino acid and plasma keto acid concentrations in rats

1990 • 21 citations

Lipolysis and the antilipolytic effect of insulin in adipocytes from rats adapted to a high-protein diet

1985 • 18 citations

Characterization of α-Ketobutyrate Metabolism in Rat Tissues: Effects of Dietary Protein and Fasting

1984 • 18 citations

Diurnal variation in glucose and leucine metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes

1990 • 18 citations

Participation of cysteine and cystine in inactivation of tyrosine aminotransferase in rat liver homogenates

1978 • 16 citations

Quantitative control analysis of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex activity by feedback inhibition

1990 • 15 citations

Effect of obesity on circulating intermediary metabolite concentrations in the absence of impaired glucose tolerance.

1991 • 15 citations

Elimination of infused branched-chain amino-acids from plasma of patients with non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus

1991 • 14 citations

Sex-specific differences in plasma branched-chain keto acid levels in obesity

1987 • 14 citations

Vitamin B-6 requirement for irreversible inactivation of rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase

1978 • 14 citations

Ethanol and oleate inhibition of α-ketoisovalerate and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate metabolism by isolated hepatocytes

1992 • 13 citations

Dietary protein restriction alters glucose but not protein metabolism in non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1998 • 12 citations

Diurnal Variation of Blood Ketone Bodies in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes mellitus and Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes mellitus Patients: The Relationship to Serum C-Peptide Immunoreactivity and Free Insulin

1990 • 10 citations

Normal 2‐aminobutyrate oxidation and increased valine oxidation in fibroblasts deficient in pyruvate dehydrogenase

1982 • 7 citations

Plasma level of branched chain .ALPHA.-amino acids following its .ALPHA.-keto acid administration to rats.

1986 • 3 citations

On the inhibition of α-oxobutyrate utilization by fatty acids in rat liver mitochondria

1971 • 2 citations