Antioxidants in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury: therapeutic potential and basic mechanisms

Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.

1990 • 7,068 citations

Nuclear Factor-κB — A Pivotal Transcription Factor in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

1997 • 4,661 citations

Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-kappa B transcription factor and HIV-1.

1991 • 3,819 citations

Missing Pieces in the NF-κB Puzzle

2002 • 3,560 citations

AP-1 as a regulator of cell life and death

2002 • 2,752 citations

NF-κB at the crossroads of life and death

2002 • 2,684 citations

Embryonic lethality and liver degeneration in mice lacking the RelA component of NF-κB

1995 • 1,849 citations

Direct observation of a free radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C

1979 • 1,460 citations

Nuclear Factor Kb: An Oxidative Stress-Responsive Transcription Factor of Eukaryotic Cells (A Review)

1992 • 1,421 citations

Direct measurement of free radical generation following reperfusion of ischemic myocardium.

1987 • 1,185 citations

Oxidative stress and nuclear factor-κB activation

2000 • 865 citations

Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and insights into the resolution of inflammation

2002 • 831 citations

Status of myocardial antioxidants in ischemia–reperfusion injury

2000 • 797 citations

Interactions between NO and reactive oxygen species: pathophysiological importance in atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and heart failure

1999 • 791 citations

Is NF-kappaB the sensor of oxidative stress?

1999 • 786 citations

Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Defenses, and Damage Removal, Repair, and Replacement Systems

2000 • 762 citations

Possible new role for NF-κB in the resolution of inflammation

2001 • 741 citations

Differential Inhibitory Action of Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite on Mitochondrial Electron Transport

1996 • 719 citations

Inhibition of Mitochondrial Electron Transport by Peroxynitrite

1994 • 697 citations

p38-dependent marking of inflammatory genes for increased NF-κB recruitment

2001 • 692 citations

Is NF‐κB the sensor of oxidative stress?

1999 • 669 citations

Direct detection of free radicals in the reperfused rat heart using electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

1987 • 628 citations

In vivo transfection of cis element “decoy” against nuclear factor- κB binding site prevents myocardial infarction

1997 • 601 citations

Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Defenses, and Damage Removal, Repair, and Replacement Systems

2000 • 564 citations

Stimulation of the Stress-Activated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Subfamilies in Perfused Heart

1996 • 531 citations

Deleterious effects of oxygen radicals in ischemia/reperfusion. Resolved and unresolved issues.

1989 • 518 citations

Reperfusion injury and its pharmacologic modification.

1989 • 509 citations

The NF-κB Activation Pathway: A Paradigm in Information Transfer from Membrane to Nucleus

1999 • 485 citations

The two faces of IKK and NF-κB inhibition: prevention of systemic inflammation but increased local injury following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion

2003 • 482 citations

Nuclear factor kappa-B and the heart

2001 • 449 citations

Oxidative stress and cardiac disease

2000 • 448 citations

Antioxidant and prooxidant mechanisms in the regulation of redox(y)-sensitive transcription factors

2002 • 426 citations

Inhibition of Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase Enhances Ischemia/Reoxygenation–Induced Apoptosis in Cultured Cardiac Myocytes and Exaggerates Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Perfused Heart

2000 • 419 citations

Two Waves of Nuclear Factor κb Recruitment to Target Promoters

2001 • 386 citations

Evidence that reactive oxygen species do not mediate NF- B activation

2003 • 385 citations

Manganese superoxide dismutase in disease

2001 • 373 citations

Overexpression of MnSOD Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in Transgenic Mice

1998 • 351 citations

Reactive oxygen species as double-edged swords in cellular processes: low-dose cell signaling versus high-dose toxicity

2002 • 350 citations

Cytochrome c Nitration by Peroxynitrite

2000 • 348 citations

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades as Regulators of Stress Responses

1998 • 331 citations

Stimulation of “Stress-regulated” Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (Stress-activated Protein Kinases/c-Jun N-terminal Kinases and p38-Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases) in Perfused Rat Hearts by Oxidative and Other Stresses

1998 • 320 citations

Oxygen-derived free radicals and myocardial reperfusion injury: An overview

1991 • 303 citations

Vitamin C Inhibits NF-κB Activation by TNF Via the Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

2000 • 299 citations

Occurrence of oxidative stress during reperfusion of the human heart.

1990 • 297 citations

Carbon Monoxide Inhibition of Apoptosis during Ischemia-Reperfusion Lung Injury Is Dependent on the p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway and Involves Caspase 3

2003 • 283 citations

Induction of Apoptosis by SB202190 through Inhibition of p38β Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase

1998 • 281 citations

Consequences of Brief Ischemia: Stunning, Preconditioning, and Their Clinical Implications

2001 • 277 citations

Mitochondrial ROS initiate phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase during hypoxia in cardiomyocytes

2002 • 273 citations

Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in the cardiac myocyte

2001 • 260 citations

Overexpression of human copper,zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) prevents postischemic injury

1998 • 254 citations

Induction of Apoptosis by Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and N-Acetylcysteine in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

1996 • 248 citations

Oxygen free radicals and myocardial damage: Protective role of thiol-containing agents

1991 • 240 citations

Spin-trapping evidence that graded myocardial ischemia alters post-ischemic superoxide production

1987 • 205 citations

Redox regulation of MAPK pathways and cardiac hypertrophy in adult rat cardiac myocyte

2001 • 204 citations

Grape seed proanthocyanidin reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting ischemia/reperfusion-induced activation of JNK-1 and C-JUN

2001 • 201 citations

Grape seed proanthocyanidins improved cardiac recovery during reperfusion after ischemia in isolated rat hearts

2002 • 195 citations

Histone acetylation regulates epithelial IL-8 release mediated by oxidative stress from environmental particles

2003 • 193 citations

Oxygen free radicals and cardiac reperfusion abnormalities.

1992 • 190 citations

The Antioxidant Function of Metallothionein in the Heart

1999 • 184 citations

Stimulation of c-Jun Kinase and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase by Ischemia and Reperfusion in the Perfused Rat Heart

1996 • 180 citations

The role of inflammatory mediators in chronic heart failure: cytokines, nitric oxide, and endothelin-1

2000 • 176 citations

Proteasome inhibition ablates activation of NF-κB in myocardial reperfusion and reduces reperfusion injury

2003 • 166 citations

Redox/ROS regulation of lipopolysaccharide‐induced mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and MAPK‐mediated TNF‐α biosynthesis

2002 • 158 citations

Redox‐sensitve intermediates mediate angiotensin II‐induced p38 MAP kinase activation, AP‐1 binding activity, and TGF‐β expression in adult ventricular cardiomyocytes

2001 • 154 citations

Role of Nitric Oxide and Its Interaction With Superoxide in the Suppression of Cardiac Muscle Mitochondrial Respiration

1996 • 153 citations

The nature of antioxidant defense mechanisms: a lesson from transgenic studies.

1998 • 152 citations

N -Acetylcysteine in Combination With Nitroglycerin and Streptokinase for the Treatment of Evolving Acute Myocardial Infarction

1995 • 149 citations

Targeted Disruption of the Mouse Sod I Gene Makes the Hearts Vulnerable to Ischemic Reperfusion Injury

2000 • 131 citations

Regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by redox‐sensitive transcription factors

2000 • 125 citations

Postischemic Recovery of Contractile Function is Impaired in SOD2 ^+/− but Not SOD1 ^+/− Mouse Hearts

2002 • 124 citations

Oxygen radicals trigger activation of NF-κB and AP-1 and upregulation of ICAM-1 in reperfused canine heart

2002 • 123 citations

Networking Antioxidants in the Isolated Rat Heart are Selectively Depleted by Ischemia-Reperfusion

1998 • 121 citations

Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury

2000 • 121 citations

The effect of oxidative stress on histone acetylation and IL-8 release

2003 • 121 citations

Oxidized proteins as a marker of oxidative stress during coronary heart surgery

1999 • 117 citations

Cardioprotection with Alcohol

2002 • 113 citations

Role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in acute respiratory distress syndrome

2002 • 112 citations

N-acetylcysteine in acute cardiology: 10 years later

2002 • 104 citations

Influence of intravenous vitamin E supplementation in cardiac surgery on oxidative stress: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled study

2003 • 99 citations

Pretreatment with antioxidants and allopurinol diminishes cardiac onset events in coronary artery bypass grafting

1995 • 98 citations

Allopurinol pretreatment improves postoperative recovery and reduces lipid peroxidation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

1994 • 97 citations

Differential response to myocardial reperfusion injury in eNOS-deficient mice

2002 • 96 citations

Role of intracellular antioxidant enzymes after in vivo myocardial ischemia and reperfusion

2003 • 91 citations

The water-soluble vitamin E analogue Trolox protects against ischaemia/reperfusion damage in vitro and ex vivo. A comparison with vitamin E

2002 • 88 citations

Protective effects of M40403, a selective superoxide dismutase mimetic, in myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury in vivo

2002 • 88 citations

Glutathione deficiency intensifies ischaemia‐reperfusion induced cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress

2001 • 84 citations

Enhancement of Glutathione Cardioprotection by Ascorbic Acid in Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

2002 • 79 citations

Beneficial effects of astringinin, a resveratrol analogue, on the ischemia and reperfusion damage in rat heart

2001 • 76 citations

Protection by Inhibition of Poly (ADP-ribose) Synthetase Against Oxidant Injury in Cardiac MyoblastsIn Vitro

1997 • 76 citations

The Protective Effects of High-Dose Ascorbic Acid on Myocardium against Reperfusion Injury During and After Cardiopulmonary Bypass

1994 • 73 citations

Reperfusion-induced injury: A possible role for oxidant stress and its manipulation

1991 • 73 citations

The ischemic heart—experimental models

2000 • 72 citations

Depletion of plasma vitamin C but not of vitamin E in response to cardiac operations

1994 • 72 citations

Disruption of a single copy of the p38α MAP kinase gene leads to cardioprotection against ischemia–reperfusion

2003 • 72 citations

Early activation of IKKβ during in vivo myocardial ischemia

2001 • 71 citations

Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Human Heart During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

2000 • 69 citations

Ascorbyl free radical as a reliable indicator of free‐radical‐mediated myocardial ischemic and post‐ischemic injury

1990 • 68 citations

The effect of glutathione on the vitamin E requirement for inhibition of liver microsomal lipid peroxidation

1990 • 68 citations

Intact Mitochondrial Electron Transport Function is Essential for Signalling by Hydrogen Peroxide in Cardiac Myocytes

2000 • 64 citations

Effect of preoperative supplementation with α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on myocardial injury in patients undergoing cardiac operations

1997 • 64 citations

Redox Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Survival and Death

2001 • 58 citations

Relation between left ventricular function and oxidative stress in patients undergoing bypass surgery

1998 • 58 citations

Time Course of Oxidative Stress During Open-Heart Surgery

1995 • 55 citations

Physiologic Effects Of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Transgene Overexpression On Myocardial Function After Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury

1998 • 54 citations

Protective effect of selenium in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion.

1992 • 53 citations

Vitamin E for coronary bypass operations. A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial.

1994 • 53 citations

Novel Potent Inhibitors of Lipid Peroxidation with Protective Effects against Reperfusion Arrhythmias

2001 • 52 citations

Efficacy of adenoviral gene transfer with manganese superoxide dismutase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in reducing ischemia and reperfusion injury

2001 • 51 citations

Altered antioxidant status in the ischemic/reperfused rabbit myocardium: effects of allopurinol.

1989 • 51 citations

Vitamin E for coronary bypass operations

1994 • 51 citations

Large, sustained cardiac lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant capacity in the coronary circulation after brief episodes of myocardial ischemia

2000 • 50 citations

Effect of dietary antioxidant trace element supply on cardiac tolerance to ischmia—reperfusion in the rat

1995 • 50 citations

The potential for endogenous myocardial antioxidants to protect the mycocardium against ischaemia-reperfusion injury: Refreshing the parts exogenous antioxidants cannot reach?

1995 • 49 citations

[25] Signaling pathways leading to nuclear factor-κB activation

2000 • 49 citations

Lipid peroxidation and changes in vitamin E levels during coronary artery bypass grafting

1993 • 48 citations

Plasma antioxidant depletion after cardiopulmonary bypass in operations for congenital heart disease

1995 • 46 citations

Myocardial vitamin E is consumed during cardiopulmonary bypass: indirect evidence of free radical generation in human ischemic heart

1992 • 43 citations

Reperfusion Injury: Basic Concepts and Protection Strategies.

1997 • 39 citations

Increased ultra weak chemiluminescence emission from rat heart at postischemic reoxygenation: protective role of vitamin E

1989 • 37 citations

Cardioprotective Abilities of White Wine

2002 • 34 citations

N -Acetyl- <scp>l</scp> -Cysteine Potentiates Interleukin-1β Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase

2000 • 33 citations

Can Statins Reduce the Inflammatory Response to Cardiopulmonary Bypass? A Clinical Study

2001 • 33 citations

Cellular Thiols Redox Status: a Switch for NF-κB Activation During Myocardial Post-ischaemic Reperfusion

2002 • 30 citations

Redox Regulation of NF-κB and AP-1 in Ischemic Reperfused Heart

1999 • 29 citations

Effect of orally administered alpha-tocopheryl acetate on human myocardial alpha-tocopherol levels

1991 • 29 citations

Depletion of myocardial glutathione: its effects on heart function and metabolism during ischaemia and reperfusion

1988 • 28 citations

Charge transfer and electronic mobility.

1967 • 28 citations

Postischemic myocardial recovery and oxidative stress status of vitamin C deficient rat hearts

2001 • 27 citations

Plasma Vitamins E and C Concentrations of Adult Patients During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

1998 • 26 citations

The effects of a high dose of ascorbate on ischemia-reperfusion-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in canine hearts

1992 • 26 citations

Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on ischaemia-induced myocardial damage in canine heart

1991 • 25 citations

Myocardial protection with endogenous overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase

1999 • 24 citations

Physiological amounts of ascorbate potentiate phorbol ester-induced nuclear-binding of AP-1 transcription factor in cells of macrophagic lineage

2001 • 23 citations

A redox‐based mechanism for nitric oxide‐induced inhibition of DNA synthesis in human vascular smooth muscle cells

2000 • 22 citations

Current trends and controversies in ischemia-reperfusion research

2003 • 18 citations

Myocardial Antioxidant Defenses During Cardiopulmonary Bypass

1993 • 18 citations

Electron spin resonance absorption of tissue constituents.

1977 • 18 citations

Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 attenuates myocardial stunning in the pig heart

2003 • 16 citations

Nitric oxide: not just a negative inotrope

2001 • 15 citations

Oxidative stress and congestive heart failure.

2002 • 14 citations

Mixed Tocopherol Preparation Is Superior to α-Tocopherol Alone against Hypoxia–Reoxygenation Injury

2002 • 13 citations

Redox regulation following cardiac ischemia and reperfusion

2003 • 13 citations

Modulation of rat heart mitochondrial function and the production of reactive oxygen by vitamin E deficiency

1994 • 11 citations

Regulation of NF-κB and ICAM-1 expression in human airway epithelial cells

2002 • 10 citations

Lipoate ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion in animal models.

2000 • 10 citations

Altered antioxidant status in ischemic/reperfused rabbit myocardium: reperfusion time-course study.

1990 • 9 citations

Ventricular Arrhythmias Induced by Ischaemia–Reperfusion are Unaffected by Myocardial Glutathione Depletion

1996 • 8 citations

Using Genetically Engineered Mice to Study Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

2002 • 6 citations

No evidence of malonyldialdehyde formation during reoxygenation injury in vitamin E-deficient rat heart

1993 • 6 citations

Postischemic injury in isolated rat hearts is not aggravated by prior depletion of myocardial glutathione

1996 • 5 citations