Mechanisms of regulatory T‐cell suppression – a diverse arsenal for a moving target

Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3

2003 • 7,902 citations

Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

2003 • 7,470 citations

Signaling by intrathymic cytokines, not T cell antigen receptors, specifies CD8 lineage choice and promotes the differentiation of cytotoxic-lineage T cells

2010 • 5,969 citations

Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases.

1995 • 5,124 citations

A CD4+T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis

1997 • 3,625 citations

The immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) is caused by mutations of FOXP3

2001 • 3,260 citations

An essential role for Scurfin in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells

2003 • 2,825 citations

Naturally arising Foxp3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in immunological tolerance to self and non-self

2005 • 2,667 citations

CD4+CD25+ Immunoregulatory T Cells Suppress Polyclonal T Cell Activation In Vitro by Inhibiting Interleukin 2 Production

1998 • 2,658 citations

A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-β– and retinoic acid–dependent mechanism

2007 • 2,575 citations

Disruption of a new forkhead/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse

2001 • 2,503 citations

Regulatory T Cell Lineage Specification by the Forkhead Transcription Factor Foxp3

2005 • 2,256 citations

Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression

2007 • 2,215 citations

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–Associated Antigen 4 Plays an Essential Role in the Function of Cd25+Cd4+ Regulatory Cells That Control Intestinal Inflammation

2000 • 2,211 citations

TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES

2005 • 2,075 citations

Toll Pathway-Dependent Blockade of CD4 ⁺ CD25 ⁺ T Cell-Mediated Suppression by Dendritic Cells

2003 • 2,023 citations

Reciprocal T _H 17 and Regulatory T Cell Differentiation Mediated by Retinoic Acid

2007 • 1,890 citations

The inhibitory cytokine IL-35 contributes to regulatory T-cell function

2007 • 1,886 citations

Small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells promote de novo generation of Foxp3 T reg cells via retinoic acid

2007 • 1,816 citations

A function for interleukin 2 in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells

2005 • 1,744 citations

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity

2002 • 1,733 citations

Regulatory T cells prevent catastrophic autoimmunity throughout the lifespan of mice

2006 • 1,702 citations

Thymic selection of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide

2001 • 1,659 citations

Cell Contact–Dependent Immunosuppression by Cd4+Cd25+Regulatory T Cells Is Mediated by Cell Surface–Bound Transforming Growth Factor β

2001 • 1,609 citations

An Essential Role for Interleukin 10 in the Function of Regulatory T Cells That Inhibit Intestinal Inflammation

1999 • 1,607 citations

Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells: induction of autoimmune disease by breaking their anergic/suppressive state.

1998 • 1,579 citations

Compromised Function of Regulatory T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Reversal by Anti-TNFα Therapy

2004 • 1,242 citations

Role of LAG-3 in Regulatory T Cells

2004 • 1,198 citations

Expression of ectonucleotidase CD39 by Foxp3+ Treg cells: hydrolysis of extracellular ATP and immune suppression

2007 • 1,181 citations

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induce cytokine deprivation–mediated apoptosis of effector CD4+ T cells

2007 • 1,161 citations

A critical role for transforming growth factor-beta but not interleukin 4 in the suppression of T helper type 1-mediated colitis by CD45RB(low) CD4+ T cells.

1996 • 909 citations

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor–β–dependent manner

2005 • 889 citations

Selective depletion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells induces a scurfy-like disease

2007 • 887 citations

Granzyme B and Perforin Are Important for Regulatory T Cell-Mediated Suppression of Tumor Clearance

2007 • 871 citations

Origin of regulatory T cells with known specificity for antigen

2002 • 854 citations

Genome-wide analysis of Foxp3 target genes in developing and mature regulatory T cells

2007 • 818 citations

Characterization of Dendritic Cells that Induce Tolerance and T Regulatory 1 Cell Differentiation In Vivo

2003 • 811 citations

Myelin-specific regulatory T cells accumulate in the CNS but fail to control autoimmune inflammation

2007 • 804 citations

Visualizing regulatory T cell control of autoimmune responses in nonobese diabetic mice

2005 • 783 citations

Transforming Growth Factor-β Controls Development, Homeostasis, and Tolerance of T Cells by Regulatory T Cell-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

2006 • 769 citations

TNF downmodulates the function of human CD4+CD25hi T-regulatory cells

2006 • 768 citations

Regulatory T cells suppress tumor-specific CD8 T cell cytotoxicity through TGF-β signalsin vivo

2004 • 761 citations

Regulatory T cells and infection: a dangerous necessity

2007 • 728 citations

Foxp3 occupancy and regulation of key target genes during T-cell stimulation

2007 • 695 citations

Recognition of the Peripheral Self by Naturally Arising CD25+ CD4+ T Cell Receptors

2004 • 690 citations

Transcriptional Mechanisms Underlying Lymphocyte Tolerance

2002 • 658 citations

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a key component of regulatory T cell–mediated suppression

2007 • 618 citations

Infectious Tolerance

2002 • 614 citations

Deficient CD4+CD25high T Regulatory Cell Function in Patients with Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2007 • 600 citations

Foxp3 Transcription-Factor-Dependent and -Independent Regulation of the Regulatory T Cell Transcriptional Signature

2007 • 599 citations

Cutting Edge: IL-2 Is Critically Required for the In Vitro Activation of CD4+CD25+ T Cell Suppressor Function

2004 • 572 citations

CD25+ CD4+ T Cells Regulate the Expansion of Peripheral CD4 T Cells Through the Production of IL-10

2001 • 564 citations

IL‐35 is a novel cytokine with therapeutic effects against collagen‐induced arthritis through the expansion of regulatory T cells and suppression of Th17 cells

2007 • 562 citations

From Vanilla to 28 Flavors: Multiple Varieties of T Regulatory Cells

2006 • 553 citations

Interleukin‐2 is essential for CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cell function

2004 • 521 citations

Calcineurin imposes T cell unresponsiveness through targeted proteolysis of signaling proteins

2004 • 512 citations

T cells that cannot respond to TGF-β escape control by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells

2005 • 508 citations

Regulatory T cells inhibit stable contacts between CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells in vivo

2006 • 502 citations

Engagement of Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR Family-Related Receptor on Effector T Cells by its Ligand Mediates Resistance to Suppression by CD4+CD25+ T Cells

2004 • 498 citations

Activated CD4+CD25+ T cells selectively kill B lymphocytes

2006 • 484 citations

T cell fitness determined by signal strength

2003 • 478 citations

Regulatory T Cells Reversibly Suppress Cytotoxic T Cell Function Independent of Effector Differentiation

2006 • 475 citations

A2A receptor signaling promotes peripheral tolerance by inducing T-cell anergy and the generation of adaptive regulatory T cells

2007 • 468 citations

Evidence that the T cell repertoire of normal rats contains cells with the potential to cause diabetes. Characterization of the CD4+ T cell subset that inhibits this autoimmune potential.

1993 • 442 citations

T Regulatory and Primed Uncommitted CD4 T Cells Express CD73, Which Suppresses Effector CD4 T Cells by Converting 5′-Adenosine Monophosphate to Adenosine

2006 • 440 citations

IDO and regulatory T cells: a role for reverse signalling and non-canonical NF-κB activation

2007 • 428 citations

Blockade of CTLA-4 on CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Abrogates Their Function In Vivo

2006 • 422 citations

Continuous T cell receptor signaling required for synapse maintenance and full effector potential

2003 • 405 citations

In vivodynamics of antigen-specific regulatory T cells not predicted from behaviorin vitro

2003 • 384 citations

Distinct roles of CTLA‐4 and TGF‐β in CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cell function

2004 • 377 citations

Regulatory T cells and cancer

2007 • 325 citations

Engagement of B7 on effector T cells by regulatory T cells prevents autoimmune disease

2004 • 322 citations

Origin and T Cell Receptor Diversity of Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ T Cells

2006 • 316 citations

Regulation of immunity by self-reactive T cells

2005 • 306 citations

Distinct Roles for the OX40-OX40 Ligand Interaction in Regulatory and Nonregulatory T Cells

2004 • 305 citations

Peripheral Autoantigen Induces Regulatory T Cells that Prevent Autoimmunity

1999 • 284 citations

Receptor-directed focusing of lymphokine release by helper T cells

1988 • 284 citations

The GITR–GITRL interaction: co-stimulation or contrasuppression of regulatory activity?

2006 • 276 citations

Antigen persistence is required throughout the expansion phase of a CD4+ T cell response

2005 • 271 citations

Migration matters: regulatory T-cell compartmentalization determines suppressive activity in vivo

2005 • 250 citations

Polarized expression of cytokines in cell conjugates of helper T cells and splenic B cells.

1991 • 241 citations

Interleukin-6 Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-β-induced Apoptosis through the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 Pathways

1999 • 230 citations

CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Suppress Differentiation and Functions of Th1 and Th2 Cells, Leishmania major Infection, and Colitis in Mice

2003 • 230 citations

CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Control T Helper Cell Type 1 Responses to Foreign Antigens Induced by Mature Dendritic Cells In Vivo

2003 • 230 citations

cAMP inhibits induction of interleukin 2 but not of interleukin 4 in T cells.

1990 • 218 citations

Nonself-Antigens Are the Cognate Specificities of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells

2007 • 215 citations

The third function of the thymus

2000 • 213 citations

TRAF6 is a T cell–intrinsic negative regulator required for the maintenance of immune homeostasis

2006 • 200 citations

CD25+CD4+ T cells compete with naive CD4+ T cells for IL-2 and exploit it for the induction of IL-10 production

2005 • 198 citations

Regulatory T cells in the periphery

2006 • 189 citations

Adenosine and cAMP are potent inhibitors of the NF‐κB pathway downstream of immunoreceptors

2004 • 186 citations

IL-10 and TGF- induce alloreactive CD4+CD25- T cells to acquire regulatory cell function

2003 • 185 citations

Adaptation of TCR Repertoires to Self-Peptides in Regulatory and Nonregulatory CD4+ T Cells

2007 • 178 citations

Colitogenic Th1 Cells Are Present in the Antigen-Experienced T Cell Pool in Normal Mice: Control by CD4+ Regulatory T Cells and IL-10

2003 • 176 citations

T Cell-Mediated Maintenance of Natural Self-Tolerance: its Breakdown as a Possible Cause of Various Autoimmune Diseases

1996 • 175 citations

Thymic development and peripheral homeostasis of regulatory T cells

2007 • 160 citations

Toll‐like receptors and immune regulation: their direct and indirect modulation on regulatory CD4⁺ CD25⁺ T cells

2007 • 152 citations

NFATc2 and NFATc3 transcription factors play a crucial role in suppression of CD4+ T lymphocytes by CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells

2005 • 142 citations

CD4+CD25+ T Cells Lyse Antigen-Presenting B Cells by Fas-Fas Ligand Interaction in an Epitope-Specific Manner

2003 • 142 citations

Immune privilege induced by regulatory T cells in transplantation tolerance

2006 • 135 citations

CD4+CD25+ T Cells Prevent the Development of Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disease by Inhibiting the Differentiation of Autoreactive Effector T Cells

2005 • 125 citations

CD4+CD25+ Cells Controlling a Pathogenic CD4 Response Inhibit Cytokine Differentiation, CXCR-3 Expression, and Tissue Invasion

2004 • 122 citations

Resistance to CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells and TGF-β in Cbl-b−/− Mice

2004 • 120 citations

New insights into adenosine‐receptor‐mediated immunosuppression and the role of adenosine in causing the immunodeficiency associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency

2004 • 119 citations

TGF‐β1 production by CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T cells is not essential for suppression of intestinal inflammation

2005 • 115 citations

Thyroiditis in T cell-depleted rats: suppression of the autoallergic response by reconstitution with normal lymphoid cells.

1976 • 106 citations

Differential Regulatory Capacity of CD25+ T Regulatory Cells and Preactivated CD25+ T Regulatory Cells on Development, Functional Activation, and Proliferation of Th2 Cells

2004 • 101 citations

Suppression of CD4+ T Lymphocyte Effector Functions by CD4+CD25+ Cells In Vivo

2004 • 99 citations

Control of homeostatic proliferation by regulatory T cells

2005 • 98 citations

Early events in the thymus affect the balance of effector and regulatory T cells

2006 • 98 citations

High antigen dose and activated dendritic cells enable Th cells to escape regulatory T cell‐mediated suppression in vitro

2003 • 90 citations

CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Inhibit the Maturation but Not the Initiation of an Autoantibody Response

2005 • 78 citations

Competition for self-peptide-MHC complexes and cytokines between naïve and memory CD8 ⁺ T cells expressing the same or different T cell receptors

2004 • 69 citations

Early Kinetic Window of Target T Cell Susceptibility to CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Activity

2005 • 68 citations

ICER/CREM‐mediated transcriptional attenuation of IL‐2 and its role in suppression by regulatory T cells

2007 • 66 citations

Special regulatory T‐cell review: A rose by any other name: from suppressor T cells to Tregs, approbation to unbridled enthusiasm

2007 • 64 citations

Suppression of T cell function: a potential role for transcriptional repressor ICER

2000 • 63 citations

‘Vive la Résistance!’ – the PI3K–Akt pathway can determine target sensitivity to regulatory T cell suppression

2007 • 46 citations

Distinct Molecular Program Imposed on CD4+ T Cell Targets by CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells

2006 • 32 citations

The puzzling world of murine T regulatory cells

2002 • 30 citations

Special regulatory T cell review: How I became a T suppressor/ regulatory cell maven

2007 • 16 citations