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Alpha‐2 and imidazoline receptor agonistsTheir pharmacology and therapeutic role

Data up to Jan 2025

Published1999
Citations684
References214

Total Citations Per Year

Abstract

References (214)

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Prolongation of Isobaric Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia with Epinephrine and Clonidine for Hip Surgery in the Elderly

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Analgesia produced by clonidine in mice and rats

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Reduction in Halothane Anesthetic Requirement by Clonidine, an Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist

1982 • 183 citations

I1‐Imidazoline Receptors

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Transdermal clonidine compared to placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy using a two-stage ‘enriched enrollment’ design

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Postoperative Analgesia by Intravenous Clonidine

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Effect of Intravenously Administered Dexmedetomidine on Pain After Laparoscopic Tubal Ligation

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Anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery in the elderly: the effects of clonidine on intraocular pressure, perioperative hemodynamics, and anesthetic requirement.

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Imidazoline receptors, non-adrenergic idazoxan binding sites and α2-adrenoceptors in the human central nervous system

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Benzodiazepine Withdrawal: outcome in 50 patients

1987 • 154 citations

Perioperative Sympatholysis

1997 • 153 citations

Respiratory Effects of Clonidine Alone and Combined with Morphine, in Humans

1991 • 153 citations

Intrathecal Clonidine as a Sole Analgesic for Pain Relief after Cesarean Section

1992 • 151 citations

Effect of Meperidine on Oxygen Consumption, Carbon Dioxide Production, and Respiratory Gas Exchange in Postanesthesia Shivering

1987 • 148 citations

The organisation of cardiovascular neurons in the spinal cord

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Shivering following cardiac surgery: Hemodynamic changes and reversal

1987 • 146 citations

Hemodynamic and sedative effects of dexmedetomidine in dog.

1992 • 144 citations

The pharmacological classification of adrenergic alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors and their mechanisms of action.

1979 • 143 citations

α2‐Adrenoceptors and endothelium‐dependent relaxation in canine large arteries

1986 • 142 citations

The primate locus coeruleus and effects of clonidine on opiate withdrawal.

1982 • 137 citations

Dexmedetomidine Infusion for Maintenance of Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Hysterectomy

1992 • 136 citations

Dexmedetomidine, an ??2-Adrenergic Agonist, Decreases Cerebral Blood Flow in the Isoflurane-Anesthetized Dog

1990 • 133 citations

Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery in the Elderly

1988 • 132 citations

The nucleus reticularis lateralis: A region highly sensitive to clonidine

1981 • 127 citations

PREANAESTHETIC MEDICATION WITH CLONIDINE: A DOSE-RESPONSE STUDY

1991 • 126 citations

Efficacy of Oral Clonidine Premedication in Children

1993 • 125 citations

Xylazine-induced depression and its antagonism by alpha adrenergic blocking agents.

1981 • 121 citations

Characterization and autoradiographical localization of non‐adrenoceptor idazoxan binding sites in the rat brain

1992 • 120 citations

Intramuscular Dexmedetomidine as Premedication for General Anesthesia

1993 • 119 citations

Site of Hemodynamic Effects of Intrathecal α2-Adrenergic Agonists

1991 • 118 citations

The Effects of Alpha-methyldopa, Reserpine, Guanethidine, and Iproniazid on Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Requirement (MAC)

1968 • 116 citations

Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics of Intravenous, Intrathecal, and Epidural Clonidine in Sheep

1989 • 115 citations

Distribution and function of peripheral α-adrenoceptors in the cardiovascular system

1985 • 110 citations

Detomidine: A new sedative for horses

1986 • 109 citations

Hemodynamic and Analgesic Effects of Clonidine Added Repetitively to Continuous Epidural and Spinal Blocks

1995 • 108 citations

INTERACTION OF SELECTIVE α‐ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS WITH HUMAN AND RABBIT BLOOD PLATELETS

1980 • 107 citations

Evaluation of the toxicity of subarachnoid clonidine, guanfacine, and a substance P-antagonist on rat spinal cord and nerve roots: light and electron microscopic observations after chronic intrathecal administration.

1986 • 106 citations

Comparison of Intravenous and Epidural Clonidine for Postoperative Patient-Controlled Analgesia

1995 • 106 citations

Intrathecal α2-Adrenergic Agonists Stimulate Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine Release from the Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn in Sheep

1997 • 104 citations

POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA WITH EXTRADURAL CLONIDINE

1989 • 103 citations

The Differential Effects of Morphine and the ??2,???Adrenoceptor Agonists Clonidine and Dexrnedetornidine on the Prevention and Treatment of Experimental Neuropathic Pain

1993 • 103 citations

Binding of [3H]p-aminoclonidine to two sites, α2-adrenoceptors and imidazoline binding sites: distribution of imidazoline binding sites in rat brain

1990 • 102 citations

Effect of Dexmedetomidine, a Selective and Potent ??2-Agonist, on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption During Halothane Anesthesia in Dogs

1990 • 101 citations

Clonidine improves perioperative myocardial ischemia, reduces anesthetic requirement, and alters hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery

1993 • 100 citations

Dose-Response Effects of Intravenous Clonidine on Stress Response During Induction of Anesthesia in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients

1995 • 98 citations

Participation of cardiac presynaptic α1-Adrenoceptors in the bradycardiac effects of clonidine and analogues

1981 • 94 citations

Epidural clonidine for treatment of postoperative pain after thoracotomy. A double-blind placebo-controlled study

1988 • 91 citations

[3H]RX821002: a new tool for the identification of α2A-adrenoceptors

1989 • 91 citations

Dexmedetomidine Prevents Epinephrine-induced Arrhythmias Through Stimulation of Central α2 Adrenoceptors in Halothane-anesthetized Dogs

1991 • 89 citations

Synergistic Interaction Between α2-Adrenergic Agonists and Benzodiazepines in Rats

1992 • 88 citations

The peripheral and central neural actions of clonidine in normal and glaucomatous eyes.

1978 • 83 citations

Imidazoline binding sites in human placenta: evidence for heterogeneity and a search for physiological function

1992 • 83 citations

Expression of non‐adrenergic imidazoline sites in rat cerebral cortical astrocytes

1993 • 82 citations

The Potentiation of Halothane Anaesthesia by Clonidine

1979 • 82 citations

A further attempt to characterize sedative receptors activated by clonidine in chickens and mice

1973 • 82 citations

Hypotensive action of clonidine analogues correlates with binding affinity at imidazole and not alpha-2-adrenergic receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla

1988 • 79 citations

Biphasic effects of clonidine on conflict behavior: involvement of different alpha-adrenoceptors

1988 • 79 citations

Intrathecal Clonidine Suppresses Noxiously Evoked Activity of Spinal Wide Dynamic Range Neurons in Cats

1989 • 79 citations

Postoperative Analgesia After Co-administration of Clonidine and Morphine by the Intrathecal Route in Patients Undergoing Hip Replacement

1995 • 75 citations

Analysis of Drug Interaction between Intrathecal Clonidine and MK-801 in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Rat Model

1995 • 75 citations

Effect of Epidural Clonidine on Analgesia and Pharmacokinetics of Epidural Fentanyl in Postoperative Patients

1991 • 74 citations

Clonidine and Lidamidine to Inhibit Watery Diarrhea in a Patient with Lung Cancer

1982 • 73 citations

Should We All Have a Sympathectomy at Birth? Or at Least Preoperatively?

1988 • 73 citations

Rapid reversal of alpha 2‐adrenoceptor agonist effects by atipamezole in human volunteers.

1991 • 73 citations

Clonidine in congestive heart failure: A vasodilator with negative inotropic effects

1983 • 70 citations

Effects of clonidine and other imidazole-receptor binding agents on second messenger systems and calcium influx in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells

1991 • 70 citations

Mivazerol, a novel compound with high specificity for α2 adrenergic receptors: Binding studies on different human and rat membrane preparations

1994 • 69 citations

Sedative and cardiovascular effects of clonidine and nitrazepam

1980 • 69 citations

Alpha-2 receptors in the gastrointestinal system: A new therapeutic approach

1984 • 69 citations

CLONIDINE DECREASES POSTOPERATIVE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN PATIENTS RECOVERING FROM GENERAL ANAESTHESIA

1991 • 68 citations

Ventilatory Effects of Clonidine Alone and in the Presence of Alfentanil, in Human Volunteers

1992 • 68 citations

IMPROVED HEMODYNAMIC AND RENAL FUNCTION WITH CLONIDINE IN CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING

1990 • 67 citations

Alpha 2-adrenergic receptors accelerate Na+/H+ exchange in neuroblastoma X glioma cells.

1987 • 66 citations

Effect of clonidine on haemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation and on gastric acidity

1987 • 65 citations

Evaluation of the Toxicity of Subarachnoid Clonidine, Guanfacine, and a Substance P-Antagonist on Rat Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots

1986 • 63 citations

Direct Coronary and Cerebral Vascular Responses to Dexmedetomidine

1992 • 63 citations

Effects of Ablation of Serotonin or Norepinephrine Brain-stem Areas on Halothane and Cyclopropane MACs in Rats

1978 • 62 citations

Effects of Intracisternal and Intravenous α-Methyldopa and Clonidine on Haemodynamics and Baroreceptor-Heart Rate Reflex Properties in Conscious Rabbits

1983 • 62 citations

Imidazoline-guanidinium and α2-adrenergic binding sites in basolateral membranes from human kidney

1991 • 61 citations

The effects of intravenous clonidine on ventilation

1991 • 61 citations

Should We All Have a Sympathectomy at Birth? Or at Least Preoperatively?

1990 • 60 citations

Possible Structural and Functional Relationships between Imidazoline Receptors and α2‐Adrenoceptors

1995 • 59 citations

An introduction to the pharmacology of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the central nervous system.

1989 • 58 citations

Spinal clonidine inhibits neural firing in locus coeruleus

1983 • 54 citations

Ventilatory Effects of Dexmedetomidine, Atipamezole, and Isoflurane in Dogs

1992 • 53 citations

The effect of clonidine and penbutolol, respectively on catecholamines in blood and urine, plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone in hypertensive patients.

1975 • 50 citations

Antinociceptive effects and spinal cord tissue concentrations after intrathecal injection of guanfacine or clonidine into rats.

1987 • 49 citations

Analgesic and Hemodynamic Effects of Epidural Clonidine, Clonidine/Morphine, and Morphine After Pancreatic Surgery--A Double-Blind Study

1995 • 48 citations

Absence of opiate and histamine H2 receptor–mediated effects of Clonidine

1980 • 48 citations

Efficacy of clonidine in opiate withdrawal: A study of thirty patients

1980 • 48 citations

Expression of non-adrenergic imidazoline sites in chromaffin cells and mitochondrial membranes of bovine adrenal medulla

1993 • 48 citations

Localization of the fourth membrane spanning domain as a ligand binding site in the human platelet .alpha.2-adrenergic receptor

1989 • 46 citations

A clinical comparison of CT1341, ketamine, and xylazine in cats.

1975 • 46 citations

A double-blind randomised comparison of the effects of epidural clonidine, lignocaine and the combination of clonidine and lignocaine in patients with chronic pain

1996 • 45 citations

A comparison of intrathecally administered narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics for experimental chronic neuropathic pain

1995 • 45 citations

Alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonism of vasopressin-induced changes in sodium excretion

1985 • 44 citations

The action of sympathomimetic amines on the central nervous system and the blood sugar; relation of chemical structure to mechanism of action.

1950 • 44 citations

Clonidine in the treatment of mania and mixed bipolar disorder

1984 • 43 citations

OBSERVATIONS ON THE HYPOTENSIVE ACTION OF “CATAPRES” (ST 155) IN MAN

1968 • 43 citations

Antinociceptive Effects and Spinal Cord Tissue Concentrations after Intrathecal Injection of Guanfacine or Clonidine into Rats

1987 • 43 citations

A clinical comparison of CT1341, ketamine, and xylazine in cats.

1975 • 42 citations

Efficacy and acceptability of rilmenidine for mild to moderate systemic hypertension

1988 • 42 citations

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: Clinical and Hormonal Responses to α2‐Adrenergic Agonist Treatment

1989 • 39 citations

Acute Postoperative Clonidine Withdrawal Syndrome

1976 • 39 citations

Adrenergic-induced hyperglycemia in anaesthetized rats: involvement of peripheral α2-adrenoceptors

1988 • 39 citations

Epidural clonidine combined with bupivacaine for analgesia in labor. Effects on mother and neonate.

1995 • 37 citations

Agreement among three different indices of sympathetic nervous system activity in essential hypertension.

1977 • 37 citations

Reversal of opioid-induced muscular rigidity in rats: Evidence for alpha-2 adrenergic involvement

1987 • 35 citations

Primary Spinal Anesthetic Effects of Epinephrine.*

1950 • 35 citations

The effect of clonidine on the cessation of cigarette smoking

1988 • 35 citations

SINGLE-DOSE, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, DOUBLE-DUMMY CROSS-OVER COMPARISON OF EXTRADURAL AND I.V. CLONIDINE IN CHRONIC PAIN

1993 • 34 citations

Renal alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and hypertension.

1987 • 34 citations

Dexmedetomidine as intramuscular premedication in outpatient cataract surgery

1993 • 34 citations

A Double-Blind Comparison of Moxonidine and Atenolol in the Management of Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension

1992 • 33 citations

Influence of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine on Human Liver Microsomal Alfentanil Metabolism

1991 • 33 citations

Antiarrhythmic action of rilmenidine on adrenaline‐induced arrhythmia via central imidazoline receptors in halothane‐anaesthetized dogs

1996 • 31 citations

Dexmedetomidine synergism with midazolam in the elevated plus-maze test in rats

1992 • 31 citations

Subarachnoid neostigmine potentiation of alpha 2-adrenergic agonist analgesia. Dexmedetomidine versus Clonidine.

1995 • 30 citations

Thoracic epidural clonidine and morphine for postoperative pain relief

1995 • 30 citations

Does [3H]2-methoxy-idazoxan (RX 821002) detect more alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonist high-affinity sites than [3H]rauwolscine? A comparison of nine tissues and cell lines.

1995 • 30 citations

Acute Tolerance to Fentanyl during Anesthesia in Dogs

1985 • 29 citations

Effects of oral clonidine premedication and postoperative i.v. infusion on haemodynamic and adrenergic responses during recovery from anaesthesia

1991 • 29 citations

A comparison of the haemodynamic and behavioural effects of moxonidine and clonidine in normotensive subjects.

1992 • 29 citations

Oral clonidine premedication attenuates the hypertensive response to ketamine

1994 • 29 citations

The Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with a Calcium Antagonist or Moxonidine

1992 • 28 citations

Clonidine premedication for coronary artery bypass grafting under high-dose alfentanil anesthesia: Intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic study

1993 • 28 citations

Preoperative and Postoperative Use of Clonidine with Neurolept Anaesthesia

1979 • 28 citations

The Effect of Clonidine on the Activity of Neurons in the Rat Dorsal Raphe Nucleus In Vitro

1994 • 26 citations

Alpha<sub>2</sub>-Adrenoceptor Agonists Stimulate Growth Hormone Secretion but Have No Acute Effects on Plasma Cortisol under Basal Conditions

1987 • 25 citations

Clonidine and Morphine Increase Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Secretion in Anesthetized Rats

1989 • 25 citations

Antianginal Effects of Clonidine

1986 • 25 citations

Intraindividual comparison of moxonidine and prazosin in hypertensive patients

1986 • 24 citations

Action of intracerebroventricular epinephrine on gross behavior, locomotor activity and hexobarbital sleeping times in rats

1969 • 24 citations

Epidural Clonidine or Sufentanil for Intraoperative and Postoperative Analgesia

1995 • 24 citations

Effect of clonidine on stress-induced cortisol release in man during surgery

1985 • 23 citations

Calcium Channels Are Involved in the Hypnotic-Anesthetic Action of Dexmedetomidine in Rats

1992 • 23 citations

Attenuated renal response to moxonidine and rilmenidine in one kidney‐one clip hypertensive rats

1994 • 23 citations

Antihypertensive efficacy and acceptability of rilmenidine in elderly hypertensive patients

1988 • 23 citations

Exercise tolerance in angina is improved by mivazerol?An alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist

1993 • 22 citations

Antiarrhythmic Effect of the Selective I1‐Imidazoline Receptor Modulator Moxonidine on Ouabain‐Induced Cardiac Arrhythmia in Guinea Pigs

1995 • 22 citations

Human blood platelet alpha adrenoceptor in view of the effects of various imidazol(in)e drugs on aggregation

1991 • 21 citations

Moxonidine: A Second Generation of Centrally Acting Drugs

1992 • 21 citations

Treatment of systemic hypertension in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus with rilmenidine

1988 • 20 citations

Intravenous clonidine in acute myocardial infarction in men

1984 • 19 citations

A sleep-like state in chicks caused by biogenic amines and other compounds; quantitative evaluation.

1971 • 19 citations

Clonidine effect in chronic angina pectoris. Double-blind, crossover trial on 60 patients.

1979 • 18 citations

Epidemiology of the adverse hemodynamic events occurring during “clonidine anesthesia”: A prospective open trial of intraoperative intravenous clonidine

1995 • 16 citations

[Rilmenidine, a new antihypertensive agent in the first line treatment of essential arterial hypertension. Multicenter double-blind study versus atenolol].

1991 • 16 citations

Acceptability of rilmenidine and long-term surveillance of plasma concentrations in hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency

1989 • 13 citations

Effects of one-year treatment with rilmenidine on systemic hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients

1994 • 13 citations

EFFECT OF CLONIDINE ON POSTOPERATIVE SHIVERING IN MAN

1989 • 11 citations

a-Adrenoceptor Signal Transduction Mechanisms

2015 • 11 citations

The therapeutic value of clonidine in patients with coronary heart disease.

1979 • 11 citations

B-HT 920 antagonizes rat neophobia in the X-maze test: a comparative study with other drugs active on adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors.

1989 • 10 citations

gamma-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase and the protective role of glutathione peroxidase.

1987 • 10 citations

Hemodynamic Effects of Clonidine in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Hypertension

1986 • 7 citations

Synthesis of 3H‐acetylcholine in the rabbit lacrimal gland and its release by electrical field stimulation

1979 • 7 citations

Imidazoline receptor in rat hepatocytes: A subtype off α2-adrenergic receptor or a new receptor?

1990 • 4 citations

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